William Iii Of Orange Nassau
| William III | |
.jpg) William III of Orange-Nassau | |
| Title | |
|---|---|
| King of England and Ireland | |
| 13 February 1689 - 8 March 1702 &&&&&&&&&&& 05 021 13 years 9 months and 1 day | |
| Coronation | 11 April 1689 in the Westminster Abbey , together with Mary II |
| Predecessor | Jacques II |
| Successor | Anne |
| King of Scotland | |
| 11 May 1689 - 8 March 1702 | |
| Predecessor | Jacques VII |
| Successor | Anne |
| Stadtholder United Provinces | |
| 14 November 1650 - 8 March 1702 | |
| Predecessor | William II |
| Successor | John William Friso |
| Biography | |
| Dynasty | House of Orange-Nassau |
| Birth name | Hendrik Willem van Oranje |
| Date of Birth | 14 November 1650 |
| Place of birth |  Binnenhof , The Hague ( United Provinces ) |
| Date of death | 8 March 1702 (51 years) |
| Place of death |  Kensington Palace , London ( England ) |
| Father | William II of Orange-Nassau |
| Mother | Princess Marie Henriette , Princess Royal |
| Spouse | Mary II of England |
| Heir | Mary II of England (1689-1694) Anne Stuart (1694-1702) |
| Signature |  |
.svg) | |
| Monarch of Great Britain | |
change  | |
William III, Prince of Orange (born 14 November 1650 and died on 8 March 1702 ), also known as King William III of England, William II of Scotland and Ireland, is famous for having completed the invading Dutch in 1688 (the Glorious Revolution ) of England at the head of an army composed mainly of Dutch troops, German mercenaries and about 300 French Huguenots.
Based on engineers, financiers and artists like the writer Daniel Defoe , William III introduced major reforms in England, with the freedom of the press, separation of church and state, the creation a central bank, management of the river system and a system of financing to invest in the Royal Navy, which was undergoing the largest expansion in its history. In 1715, British exports represent more than 200 million livres, against only 50 million in France Biography Son of William II of Orange-Nassau and Mary Henrietta Stuart, William was born in The Hague ( Netherlands ), eight days after the death of his father as a result of smallpox. His mother, Henrietta Maria Stuart is the eldest daughter of Charles I of England. On 28 June 1672 , he was appointed to the position of Stadtholder the Netherlands and captain-general of the forces opposing the invasion of France under the Dutch War and the Third Anglo-Dutch War. At the head of the coalition led by the United Provinces of Holland William ran the first sound of the siege of Saint-Omer. His troops encountered the French army led by Philippe d'Orleans (brother of Louis XIV) near Kassel, Noordpeene. The Dutch army is defeated on Sunday 11 April 1677 during the Battle of the Peene. Saint-Omer falls a few days later. He managed to achieve peace in 1678 with the Treaties of Nijmegen. It works to raise anti-French alliance, the League of Augsburg. The most important for achieving this result takes place a year earlier. After the end of the Commonwealth of England (Puritan) and restoration, Charles II arranged the marriage of Mary , the daughter of his younger brother the Duke of York to his cousin William of Orange in 1677. When Charles II dies without legitimate children, the crown passed to the duke, now Jacques II. It is well known that Jacques and his wife, the Italian Princess Mary Beatrice of Modena are Catholic. Anti-Popery is at its maximum, and members of dissenting religions (the various Protestant churches, including Presbyterians , independents (nowadays Baptists , and Quakers ), are among those who rebel against a possible conversion to Catholicism. But Jacques II is tolerated because of Protestantism 's heiress Mary and her husband. The crisis comes when Queen Mary of Modena gave birth to a son viable Jacques Francis Stuart , pushing and Mary in the line of succession, and could install a Catholic dynasty in England. A conspiracy of powerful leaders, seven immortals , invited William and Mary to file Jacques. The parliament is beginning to take steps to raise a military force. The war broke out between the League of Augsburg and France, and to join with England, the couple landed at Brixham in Devon 5 November 1688 , and succeeded in capturing Jacques II in Kent. This invasion Dutch, well concealed as such by the patriotism of the English historiography is called the Glorious Revolution. Jacques II, his wife and son took refuge in France: in fact, Louis XIV , an ally of Stuart , is also the cousin of the deposed king. Parliament's intention is to give the throne to Mary, but she declined the offer. It is not only anxious about the idea of governing alone, but William is worried about his status. February 13, 1689 , their co-reign was made official. William became William III of England and Mary, Mary II of England. In exchange, the Bill of Rights was adopted and that the deed of agreement of 1701. The effect of these two measures is to make Parliament the supreme power in England (and soon after in the United Kingdom), and to make Protestantism a more important factor than the tie of blood to transmit the throne. William and Mary are crowned on 11 April 1689. In practice, during the first part of their reign, Mary acts as an administrator and William as commander of operations. Their three children, born in the early years of their marriage, before their accession to the throne, all died at birth. During their reign and that of Anne , the presence of Jacques II on the continent raises doubts and unites dissidents. Jacques II attempts to exploit this discontent, as will his descendants, his son Jacques Francis Stuart , later known as the Old Pretender, and his grand-son, Charles Edward Stuart, as the young pretender, or " Bonnie Prince Charlie. " In 1690 , William control the Battle of the Boyne, which revokes the Irish Rebellion of Jacques II, and keeps it out of the British Isles. At the same time King William continues his fight against French ambitions in Flanders, becoming the greatest enemy of Louis XIV. William has several favorites , including a bailiff in Rotterdam: Van Zuylen van Nijveld bailiff. He attributes the English titles of nobility to two of those friends who loyally serve as brokers: Hans Willem Bentinck , who became Earl of Portland, and Arnold Joost van Keppel , Earl of Albemarle. Mary died of smallpox in 1694. William continues his reign. In 1697 , he won the end of the war under conditions favorable to the peace of Rijswijk. Unscrupulously using resources to promote his British homeland, he gradually becomes unpopular. In 1702 he died after a riding accident. Depending on the laws passed during his reign, the thrones of the United Kingdom are sent to the sister of Mary Anne. His will stipulates that the stadtholdership provinces of Holland, Zealand, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel must go to John William Friso of Orange. But the regents do not obey and must await the late 1740s before a new Stadtholder be appointed by the States of Holland and Zealand. The relationship so close between the two countries take the distance. The alliance was created as a consequence of restricting the ambitions of France, while it is in a position to impose its will on much of Europe. Another consequence, legal and religious, is that the opposition between the communities is still very strong, especially in the northern part of Ireland. William III of England is following the line of Orange-Nassau (second part) which has the ascending line of Nassau-Dillenburg. This second part is after the first branch of the House of Nassau. The line of Orange-Nassau belonged to the stem that gave Ottonian Stadtholders, kings in the Netherlands. This line of Orange-Nassau became extinct with William III of England ( 1702 ). 1066 William I the Conqueror 1087 William II 1100 Henry I 1135 Stephen of Blois 1141 Empress Matilda 1141 Stephen of Blois 1154 Henri II 1170 Young Henry 1189 Richard I Lion Heart 1199 King John 1216 Henry III 1272 Edward I 1307 Edward II 1327 Edward III 1377 Richard II 1399 Henry IV 1413 Henry V 1422 Henry VI 1461 Edward IV 1471 Henri VI 1471 Edward IV 1483 Edward V 1483 Richard III 1485 Henry VII 1509 Henry VIII 1547 Edward VI 1553 Jeanne 1553 Mary I and Philip 1558 Elizabeth I 1603 Jacques I. 1625 Charles I ( English Interregnum from 1649 to 1660) 1660 Charles II 1685 Jacques II 1688 Mary II and William III 1702 Anne 1714 George I 1727 George II 1760 George III 1820 George IV 1830 William IV 1837 Victoria 1910 George V 1936 Edward VIII 1936 George VI 1952 Elizabeth II 843 Kenneth I. 858 Donald I. 862 Constantine I 877 Aed 878 Eochaid 889 Donald II 900 Constantine II 943 Malcolm I. 954 Indulf 962 Dubh 966 Culen 971 Kenneth II 995 Constantine III 997 Kenneth III 1005 Malcolm II 1034 Duncan I. 1040 Macbeth 1057 Lulach 1058 Malcolm III in 1093 Donald III 1094 Duncan II 1094 Donald III 1097 Edgar 1107 Alexander I 1124 David I 1153 Malcolm IV 1165 William I 1214 Alexander II 1249 Alexander III 1286 Margaret 1371 Robert II 1390 Robert III 1406 Jacques I. 1437 Jacques II 1460 Jacques III 1488 Jacques IV 1513 Jacques V 1513 Mary I 1567 Jacques VI 1625 Charles I ( Interregnum Scotland from 1649 to 1660) 1660 Charles II 1685 Jacques VII 1688 Mary II and William II 1702 Anne Youth
Dutch War
Coup smooth
Reign spouse
Peace of Rijswijk
Death and succession
Review of the reign
References
Notes
Related articles
Sources
See also
Preceded by William III of England Followed by Jacques II 
King of England and Ireland Anne Jacques VII 
King of Scotland William II of Orange-Nassau Prince of Orange 1650-1702 John William Friso of Orange Baron of Breda (nl) 1650-1702 Stadtholder of Holland and Zealand 1672-1702 William IV of Orange-Nassau Stadtholder of Utrecht 1674-1702 Stadtholder of Gelderland and Overijssel 1675-1702 Normans 
Plantagenet Tudor Stuart Hanover Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Windsor Kings Stuart are also kings of Scotland Alpine a href = "Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg" class = "image"> 
Dunkeld Balliol Bruce Stuart The following monarchs are British sovereigns 
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Scotland portal 
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