The Qur'an In the fifteenth century, it says Koran. The first translation of the Koran into French by Andre Du Ryer is titled The Koran of Mohammed. The following translators Claude-tienne Savary in 1783 and Albin Kazimirski of Biberstein in 1847 intitulent The Koran translation. The Littr in 1872, says: "also called the Koran , and probably better, as is the Arabic article al and means, what makes our paper, a kind of duplication, but is enshrined in the Koran use, and Koran, although recommended by the Orientalists, can not banish. The word Quran is needed in the nineteenth century and completely replaced Koran in common use.
Quran or the Qur'n are transliterations given by the academic literature following more or less near the transcription traditional Arabic.
Religion
The Muslim religion is so variable named in French: Muslims in the seventeenth century still listed in a dictionary Littr in 1845 or 1872, then described as archaic and has not survived. Voltaire in the eighteenth century, uses or Mohammedanism Mohammedanism ("religion characterized mainly by a severe monotheism") but also Islam (the religion of Muhammad "), then described as archaic term. Diderot, still in the eighteenth century, defines Islam as "the religion of Muslims."
The twentieth century adds Islam to describe the political side of religion, often embedded in the power structure. The term is attested in French since the eighteenth century when Voltaire uses the term to replace "Mohammedanism".
Followers
Diderot in the eighteenth century, uses Islamites ("who professes Islam") term widely unusual nowadays. Islamists appeared in the 1980s: the word does not exist in the Grand Robert, 1976. It is used only to describe a follower of an ideology called, in this context, Islam.
Substantive or adjectival, buckwheat has existed since the eleventh century but is nowadays more reference to ethnicity and religion; Mohammedan is attested in the sixteenth century with the meaning "one who professes the religion of Muhammad" ; Muslim is defined by Voltaire in the eighteenth century as "name the Mohammedans give" Koran in a dictionary of 1845, derived from Koran has not been followed.
The word Islam is defined by Diderot in the eighteenth century, as "belonging to Islamism" which term was then seen, synonymous with Islam.
Bethel
Ronsard in the sixteenth century, uses mosqueta in debt to Italian Mosche (t). Mosque is in use since the sixteenth century mosque with spelling. A dictionary of 1845 points or Muhammad mahomerie stressing, however, that these are two rare words.
Notes
Buckwheat is outmoded except in books on the Middle Ages. Derivatives Muhammad becoming increasingly older.
Although that Islam and Muslim are derived both from the same Arabic root (SLM salima, "be healthy, go well"), the French language has two sets of derivatives:
- Muslim / Islamic as in "Islamic Art", "Islamic Art"
- Muslim / Islamic identity are synonymous in Diderot (XVIII century)
- Muslim / Islamist two words used in an antagonistic manner.
For French, the word Islamist is immediately made in connection with political Islam and has a negative connotation. The word Muslim, more neutral, is not always initially linked with Islam.
List of words from Arabic
The following terms are first given in the conventional transcription of the Arabic alphabet and, in brackets, in a transcription closer usage in French (though the word is directly in French, it is shown later) and finally Arabic vocalized as complete as possible).
A
- Abd , abd : servant, slave, worshiper; into many compound nouns.
- Ablution , gusle and Wudu ;
- Repealed , mans : an abrogated verse is corrected by a later verse says repeal;
- Repealing , Nasiha : correcting an abrogated verse abrogated verse;
- Abu , Abu father, is involved in (nickname) many Arabic names ;
- Ashura , Asura : the tenth month of Fasting day of Islamic fasting modeled on the Jewish Yom Kippur , the tenth day of the seventh month. The Shia adds the commemoration of the massacre of Imam Husayn.
- Adab , adab : beautiful letters, politeness, courtesy;
- Adhan , adan : call to prayer;
- Adl , adl : justice;
- Ahl al-Bayt , Ahl al-bayt the people of the house, members of the family of Muhammad.
- Ahl al-Kitab , ahl al-kitab pre-Islamic followers of monotheistic religions: Jews , Christians ;
- Ahzab see Hizb ;
- Eid has Id : Day;
- Eid el-Adha , Id al- Adha : synonym of Eid el-Kebir;
- Eid el-Kebir , Id al-Kabir, : Day which recalls the sacrifice of Abraham and marks the end of the pilgrimage ( hajj );
- Eid el-Fitr , Id al-Fitr : party breaking the fasting month of Ramadan ;
- Eid es-Saghir , id as-Sagir, : synonym of Eid el-Fitr;
- Ahira , Ahira : the final destination, beyond the opposition in this world ( dunya );
- Alim, see Ulema ;
- Allah , Allh , or God. The term is also used by Arabic-speaking Christians;
- Aman , aman, : act of clemency, saufconduit;
- Ansar , Ansar : partisan auxiliary means companions of Muhammad from Medina to distinguish them from muhajirun having expatriates Mecca to join Muhammad;
- Aqida , Aqeedah : article of faith doctrine, belief;
- Arbayn , arba in, of arba Una : Shiite festival of the end of mourning, 40 days after Ashura ;
- As-Salam Alaykum, alaykum as-Salam : literally, "Peace be upon you." The answer to this is hello wa alaykum as-Salam, : "And upon you be peace";
- Astaghfir Allah astafir Allh : "May God forgive me";
- A udhu bi-llah, a bi-llah Udu : "I seek refuge in Allah! ";
- Beyond, see Ahira or Ma Aad
- Awliya , Awlia, plural Waly ;
- Awra, awra : The body parts that can not be revealed and his spouse.
- Aya , Aya pl. Ayat (Ayat Signs) : signs, miracles, and by extension verse (s) of the Qur'an ;
- Ayatollah , Aya Allh : a sign of God under the religious Shiites of the highest rank;
- AZL , azl : the act of interrupting intercourse before ejaculation;
B
- Balad, balad : City; corn ; campaign ;
- Banu, Banu (pl.) : Dynasty tribe. Example: al-umawun or banu umaya : the Umayyads, the Umayyad dynasty. Becomes Ban position further in the name or object.
- Baraka , baraka blessing (God);
- Barzakh, barza : interval; separation (gogr.) isthmus. Passage of the deceased from the mortal world to the Hereafter.
- Bashar, basar : humankind, humanity
- Basra, bara : Discernment, insight, in Sufism the ability to perceive the transcendent truth.
- Batin , batin : occult secret, esoteric. Terms of Sufism in opposition exoteric ( zahir );
- Bayt Allah, bayt allah : house of God; mosque ;
- Ben, bin : parentage in the drift ibn : son. ;
- a bid , bid a : innovation, new ideas regarded as heresy;
- Bint, Bint : parentage in drift IBNA : daughter. ;
- Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim, abbreviated Bismillah / Basmala , bi-smi-llah r-Rahmani-r-rahim In the name of God the Merciful, the Compassionate;
- Bay a, bay a : oath of allegiance;
C
- Calame, see Qalam ;
- Caliph , Halifa : successor of Muhammad , leader of the Ummah ;
- Caliphate , ilfa : caliphate;
- Cha `abandoned , abandoned a name of the eighth month of the Muslim calendar.
- Chaf , Saf : surrrogatoire prayer with an even number of prostrations celebrated after the canonical prayer of Isha prayer is followed by this prayer Witr ;
- Shahadah , Sahada : testimony of faith (one of the five pillars of Islam );
- Shahid , Sayyid : control; martyr. A shaheed is considered to be living with Allah, that is why Muslims do not perform the funeral prayer for a shaheed;
- Shari `a , Sari has : law, legal code of traditional Muslim societies;
- Shawwal , awwl name of the tenth month of the Muslim calendar marked by the Eid al-Fitr on the first day of that month;
- Chaytn see Satan ;
- Sheikh , Sayh : old head;
- Sharif , Sarif : descendant of Muhammad ;
- Chirk , Sirk : association polytheism. The shirk is the granting to another which is to Allah Allah. Example: seeing is believing in a considered shirk. The shirk is the greatest sin in Islam.
- Shiism , if a : the current Shiite (literally: "disciple partisan");
- Shura , Sura : consultation, joint decision making;
- Coran , qur n : reading recitation;
- Chu `biya, see Shu `ubiya ;
D
- i dai , da i : missionary
- Dajjal , Dajjal : liar: he that soweth discord;
- Dhabihi , Dabih : sacrifice, the animal to be slaughtered, by metonymy, sticking ritual;
- Dhallal, Dallal : aberration;
- Dar al- Ahd , dar al- ahd : was coined to describe the relationship of the Ottoman Empire with its dependent provinces Christian;
- Dar al-Amn Dar al-amn : term proposed by Western Muslim philosophers to describe the status of Muslims in the West;
- Dar al-Dawa , dar ad-da wa : term used to describe a region where Islam came recently. The most common use of this term means the Saudi before and during the life of Muhammad.
- Dar al-Harb , dar al-harb : literally "house of war" means the territories which are not to Islam, in contrast with Dar al-Islam, the "House of the bid. The residents of Dar al-Harb are called Harbi.
- Dar al-Islam , Dar al-Islam : literally "house of submission" versus Dar al-Harb, "House of War";
- Dar al-Kufr , dar al-kufr : term used by Muhammad to refer to the company Mecca dominated by the Quraysh from his exile in Medina and his triumphant return. Later became synonymous with Dar al-Harb;
- Dar al-Shahadah , Dar As-Sahada : is the term proposed by Western Muslim philosophers to describe the status of Muslims in the western world.
- Da wa , da wa : vocation, profession of faith; invitation to faith led by da i ;
- Dervish , Darwis comes from the Persian Derwies member of certain brotherhoods Sufi ; Can be compared to the word Arab fakir , meaning "poor";
- Dhikr , dhikr : invocation, repetition (the name of God);
- Dhimmi , DIMM : member of a religion of the book, which is not allowed to fight with the believers, and pays a special tax to "buy" not to be Muslim;
- Dhu'l-Fikar , L-Fikar name of the sword with two points that Mohammed gave to `Ali at the Battle of Uhud :
- Dhu'l-Hijjah , the L-Hijjah : name of the last month of the Muslim calendar , the holy month of pilgrimage.
- Dhu'l-Kifl , L-Kifl : Prophet in the Qur'an identified the biblical prophet Ezekiel ;
- Dhu'l-Qa da , l-qa da name of the eleventh month of the Muslim calendar.
- Dhu'l-Qarni , L-qarn'an : Character in the Qur'an often identified with Alexander the Great ;
- Dh'-n-Nun , N-nun : character mentioned in the Quran ;
- Dh'n nryin- , N-nryn : a nickname of ` Uthman ;
- Dhuhan, Douhane : daylight ;
- Din , Din : often translated as "religion";
- Diya, diya : blood money for manslaughter ;
- Jihad, see Jihad ;
- Djinn , Djinn : geniuses; demons jinn ;
- Djizya see Jiz'ya ;
- From , to the : personal prayer, supplication, appeal. Personal prayer in opposition Salat prayers canonical.
- Dunya , Dunya : here, the world, things of this world in opposition to the afterlife ( 'Ahira );
E
F
- Fajara, fajir pl. Fajara (debauched) : libertine;
- Fajr , Fajr : dawn, dawn;
- Fakir , fakir : poor pl. : Fuqara , : means an ascetic Sufi ; may be closer to the word Persian dervish , meaning "beggar";
- Falah Falah : success, happiness, success;
- Fana , fana : annihilation fainting; mystical ecstasy;
- Mascara , blush pl. fur ): Required by religion.
- Fasiq, fasiq : debauched;
- Fatir, Fatir : who does not fast; creator ;
- Fatwa , fatwa : legal advice which complements the fiqh ;
- Fiqh , fiqh : jurisprudence;
- Fitna , fitna : Seduction (female); riot dissent. Rupture in religious matters; schism.
- Fi Sabil Allah fi sabil allah : on the path of God .. how to appoint the Jihad ;
- Fitra , Fitri : nature of a thing, and specifically human nature;
- Furqan Furqan : Evidence; separation between good and evil;
G
- Ghafar, Gafar
- Ghafli, Gafla (: foresight, negligence, indifference
- Ghayba , ayba : absence, distance, extinction; the occultation which would be the imam obscured, the twelfth Imam in Shiism a href = "% C3% Imamisme_duod A9cimain" alt = "Imam Twelver" class = "mw-redirect"> Twelver;
- Ghulam / Ghimn , Gulam pl. Gilman : adolescent boy Adonis Paradise H
- Endowments , hubs, pl. abs, : The habous is a pious donation to allow the enjoyment of the property to inheritors.
- Hadath , Hadat : event causing impurity
- Hadat al-Asgar (minor impurity) : impurity that requires the use of small ablutions ;
- Hadat al-akbar (major impurity) : impurity that requires the use of large ablution ;
- Hadd , Hadd pl. hudud : Term of Islamic law, a sentence that the judge is unable to adjust for it ordained by God, this term is opposed to flexible sentencing by the court (Tazir).
- Hadi, Hadi Guide, one of the 99 attributes of God ;
- Hadith , Hadith pl. ahad : word or deed of Muhammad regarded as an example to be followed by practitioners;
- Hafiz , Hafiz : a person who knows the Koran by heart;
- Hajj , Hajj : pilgrimage to Mecca , one of the five pillars of Islam ;
- Hakim , Hakim, of the 99 attributes of God ;
- Halal , halal : Driver: not sacred, secular, lawful, as opposed to prohibited
- Halim , Halima, : Refers to the character of Loth . is the name of a deity Sabean. was one of the 99 attributes of God ;
- Hanif Hanif : pure Islamic monotheism, orthodoxy;
- Haqq, Haqq : truth, right, justice. one of the 99 attributes of God : al-Haqq;
- Haqiqa , Haqiqa : truth, true authenticity;
- Haram , haram : what is sacred; which is prohibited by religion, taboo in opposition allowed
- Harem , Harim : gynoecium; seraglio place forbidden to men other than close family members;
- Hasan , Hasan : nice, good;
- AH , hijra : emigration of Muhammad and his companions in Mecca to Medina ;
- Hidaya, hidyya : conduct, moral leadership;
- Hijab , hijab : sailing;
- Himma Himma : reserve sanctuary;
- Hisba , Hisba : calculation, verification, starting kind of service Fraud became religious police;
- Hizb, Hizb pl. Ahzab: Term used in the Qur'an to refer to members of the tribe of Quraysh and the Jews who lived in Medina who were allies against the Muslims of Medina . This word also means 1 / 60 of the Quran is to say half a Juz ;
- Houri , Huriya , pl. hryt : the virgins of Paradise;
- Hudd, Hudd (right) direction; orthodoxy;
- Hudna, hudna : ceasefire, truce, truce;
- Hudud , hudud : the limits of statutory penalties prescribed by the Koran;
- Hukm , Hukm : Judgement, decision, verdict;
- Humaza, humaza : backbiting; slanderer . The slanderer is doomed to hell;
I
- Ibad , ibada : worship, the spiritual aspect of Islam, the Sharia being the legislative aspects;
- Iblis , Iblis ; The devil is the name of a jinni who refuses to bow to Adam at the behest of God. It's the equivalent of Lucifer ;
- Isha , isa : evening prayer at the beginning of the night, the fifth prayer of the day in Islam;
- al-mar idda , : the divorced woman is free to leave the marital home until three months after the divorce or after delivery if she is pregnant . The French Civil Code provided for women, a year without the right to remarry until 2004 .
- Iftar , iftar : meal breaking the fast of Ramadan , "lunch";
- Ihram , ihram : state of ritual consecration; white garment of one who performs in this state either the large or small pilgrimage ;
- Ihsan , Ihsan : perfect worship of God;
- I jaz , jaz i : the inimitable character of the Koran;
- Ijma , ijma : consensus of the or the ummah entirely on moral issues, religious or legal substitute the Sunnah ;
- Ijtihad , ijtihad : effort of interpretation of Quran and Hadith ;
- Ilah , Ilah f. ilaha (goddess) : Deity deity;
- Ilm , ilm : science broadly held by the Ulema ;
- Imam , imam : a person who leads the prayer, literally "the one before" for the Shi'ites, is the successor of Muhammad, the spiritual leader of the community.
- Imamat , imm : the system of Imams in Shi'a ;
- Iman , Iman : belief, faith;
- Insha Allh , Allh insa : God willing;
- Infq , infq : the tendency to give rather than take;
- Al-Injil , al-Injil : the Gospel, in the singular, as the Gospels are not the canonical gospel original in the eyes of Muslims;
- Iqama , Iqama : second call to prayer after the Adhan and just before the first takbeer ;
- Isa , Isa : as the Koran made him because he is supposed to have no biological father. The Bible Christian Arabic uses the name Yasu has ( yasu has );
- Islam , Islam : "Submission". The Muslim is indeed "submitted" to God;
- Isma , isma : infallibility, invulnerability, immunity; impcabilit;
- Isnad , isnad : the chain of people who reported a hadith ;
- Isra , isra : The Night Journey of Muhammad told the Miraj ;
- Istislah, istil : correction, restoration, reform;
- Istichhd , istihd : martyr in Islamic sense;
- Itmm hujja al-, al-itmm hujja : full explanation of the faith;
J
- Jahannam , jahannam : hell;
- Jahiliya , Jahiliyya ignorance, paganism refers to the pre-Islamic period;
- Jahl Jahl : ignorance, arrogance;
- Jami , see Mosque ;
- Jami a, Jami a : association gathering eg university academy, association, league, federation;
- Janaza, janaza : funeral;
- Janna , Janna : garden, paradise;
- Jazak Allah Khayr, Jazak Hayr Allh : "May God reward you for your kindness";
- Jihad , jihad : wrestling; effort, effort on yourself; holy war;
- al-Jihad al- A zam, Al-Jihad al- a Zam : greater jihad; supreme control, that of self-reform
- al-Jihad al-Asghar al-Jihad al- Asgar : small jihad, holy war, war to defend Islam;
- Jilbab, jilbab : it is a word that is sometimes translated as veil in the Qur'an ;
- Jinn, see Djinn.
- Jiz is , there jiz : name given to the capitation paid by the dhimmis ;
- Jumada al-Ula , Jumada Al-Ula : name of the fifth month of the Muslim calendar ;
- Jumada ath-Thania , Jumada Has Tanya : name of the sixth month of the Muslim calendar ;
- Jumua, Jumu a the day when we together (Jama a) in prayer;
- Juz , juz pl. ajz : The Quran divided into thirty parts for its recitation in a month. A special sign marks the beginning of these divisions ;
K
- Ka aba , aba ka : cube; the Ka aba of Mecca ;
- Kafir , kafir : disbeliever, and whoever does not believe in God and generally does not recognize Islam as the last religion of God has followed;
- Kalam , alim al-Kalam : speech science (God);
- Karb , Karb al-Azim : immense cataclysm . See also Tufan ;
- Khalife, see Caliph ;
- Khaliq, liq : is one of the 99 attributes of God ;
- Kharaj , Haraj : tax, property tax owed by homeowners non-Muslim;
- Khatib , Hatib : one who delivers the Friday sermon (khutba);
- Khayr (): the "good".
- Khilafa see Caliphate ;
- Khitan , Hitan : circumcision;
- Kufr , kufr : disbelief, apostasy;
- Khadijah , Hadiji name of the first wife of Mohammed, the word suggests it was a fragile baby at birth: a
- Khums, Hums
- Khutba , uba : preaching, speech, sermon Friday;
- Kitab, kitab : book, the Qur'an is called Al-Kitab;
L
- Laghw, law : conversation useless, futile;
- Latif, Latif : benevolent, kind, lovable. Al-Latif: one of the 99 attributes of God.
- Lazim, Lazim : essential, necessary, obligatory;
- Lisan, Lisan : language (or anatomical language);
- n the , in the : cursed outcast. The al- n: Satan.
- The na, na : anathema curse;
- Layla al-Qadr : "Night of Destiny" one night toward the end of the month of Ramadan during which Muhammad first received the revelation;
M
- Ma ad, my ad : beyond the final destination;
- Macha Allh , masa allah : echoing ( Insha Allh ). It is also said Mektoub ;
- Mashhad, Mashhad : Mashhad is the name of the second city of Iran, instead of the Mausoleum of 'Ali ibn Musa ar-Ridha eighth Imam.
- Madhhab , madhhab : school of legal thought. Also refers to the system of thought which is derived, even religion and faith;
- Madrasa , Madrasa : school broadly, in particular Koranic school or university;
- Maghreb , Maghrib : west, west, west;
- Mahram mahram : person of the same family who can not marry;
- Maghrib , Maghrib : the fourth prayer at sunset canon;
- Mahdi , Mahdi : for the Sunnis , a man guided by Allh who come to the end of time among Shiites , is a figure close to the eschatological Messiah Hebrew ;
- Majlis , majlis : where one sits; parliament meeting;
- Makruh , makruh : describes acts condemned but not punished;
- ka mala , mala ika : angel;
- My malakat aymanukum, m malaat aymnukum : it means war captives (slaves) that a Muslim can marry legally ;
- Mamluk , Mamluks pl. Mamalik : members of a militia formed by slaves , freedmen and receiving a salary at the end of their training, serving the Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire ;
- Mandub , mandb : recommended (see halal and mustahabb );
- Mansukh see Revoked ;
- Manzil , manzil : refers to the seven parts of the Qur'an for the recitation of one week (see also juz );
- Maqsid, maqid purpose; intension;
- Maqsura, maqra : houses, housed inside a mosque where the sovereign is immune from attacks;
- Marabout , Murabit : holy member of Rabita ; ascetic;
- Mardd , mardd : describes the hadiths considered apocryphal ;
- Ma ruf, ruf my : what is known to all;
- Masjid, see Mosque ;
- Masyah see Messiah ;
- Ma sum, my sum , pl. my Sumun , my Sumin : literally, completely intact, perfect. This may qualify a child free from all sin. The Shi'a Twelver believe Muhammad , his daughter Fatima and the twelve imams as fourteen ma `asmn.
- Maulana or Mawlana, Mawlana : our master title of respect for authority in religious matters (see Mullah );
- Mawlid , abbreviation of: Mawlid an-nabawy, , Day commemorating the birth of Mohammed ;
- Mawla / mawdli , at pl. No mawdli , mawla () name given to freed slaves but remain attached to their master / is curiously the same word that gives Mullah and an almost opposite;
- Madrasah , madrasa : vocalization of the word madrasa used in North Africa to refer to a Koranic university;
- Maktub, mektb : fatal; writing (see Macha Allh );
- Messenger , Rasul : sent; messenger (of God). The Prophet ( Nabi ) issued warnings to a given population, the messenger ( Rasul ) makes a major revelation;
- Messiah , masya : The Messiah ( Jesus ) is different from the Mahdi ;
- Mihrab , mihrab : niche facing Mecca in a mosque ;
- Minaret , mid Dana : The Arabic word means the place from where the muezzin made the call to prayer The French word derives from the Turkish minare from the Arabic word manara , , meaning "round";
- Mi raj , mid raj : rise (literally: "ladder") of Muhammad to heaven during the "night journey" ( isra );
- Minibar , minibar : pulpit of the preacher;
- Minhaj, Minhaj : methodology, course of action;
- Miswak, miswak see Siwak
- Mullah / Mullah , mawla : help; auxiliary in Islam, a title given to religious leaders, doctors of the law;
- Mosque , Jami : place of the meeting; mosque, gives the word Turkish the French word derives from masjid : place where people prostrate;
- Mu'akkada said about a religious practice strongly recommended. The term is stronger than Mustahabb.
- Mubh , mub : describes what is not banned or recommended ( halal );
- Muezzin , mu Waddin : the French word derived from the Turkish from Arabic and means the person in charge of the mosque's call to prayer
- Muhajir , Muhajir pl. muhajirun (muhajirun) : exiles, refugees, means the companions of Muhammad who joined him in Madinah at the time of the Hijra to distinguish them from those who are from Madina.
- Muhtasib , muhtasib : departing controller price charged hisba later his mission was to hunt down heretics, apostates and others to kill them;
- Muharram Muharram : name of the first month of the Muslim calendar ,
- Mouloud muulud, or mulid Maoulida see Mawlid ;
- Mu awidhatn, mu awiatn : is the name given to the last two suras of the Koran and , called the designed to protect the suffering and the evil eye;
- Muchrik, murik pl. murikn : One who professes that there are other gods (idols) with God: A common term in the Koran, for example, The Koran , "The Cow", II , 105; (ar) ;
- Mufsid, mufsid pl. mufsidn ;
- Mufti is a Sunni Muslim cleric who is an interpreter of Islamic law. He has the authority to issue legal opinions, called fatwas;
- Mujahid Mujahid pl. mujhidn (Mujahideen) : fighter; resistant; activist, one who practices jihad ;
- Mujtahid , mujtahid : one who is qualified to practice the ijtihad ;
- Muladi , Spanish : Muladi, pl. Muladi, Arabic muwallads (mixed), : designated in al-Andalus , the new converts to Islam;
- Mu min mu min pl. mu Minun ;
- Munafiqs, munafiqs : pl. Munafiqun ;
- Munaqaba, munaqaba pl. munaqabt : a woman who wears the niqab ;
- Murabit see Marabout
- Murchid, murid : the Sufi spiritual guide;
- Mustahabb , mustaabb : describes an action but not advisable bond (see Halal )
- Muslim , Muslim pl. Muslimun (Muslim, Mohammedan, Islamists) : the French word derives from the Turkish mslman or fa mosalmn, from the Arabic word for word "submitted". The Muslim submits to the Qur'an , saying of Allah , a follower of Islam ;:
- Murtadd , murtadd : apostate, one who renounces Islam;
- Muslim , Anglo-Saxon form of the word Muslim, see Muslim ;
- Mut a , mut a : compensation to a woman after a divorce, also refers to the temporary marriage.
- Mutawatir , mutawatir : notorious, recurring, says a hadith at multiple times with different chains of guarantors;
N
- Nabi , see Prophet ;
- Nafil, Nafil : supererogatory;
- Nafs, nafs : soul;
- Nahwi , Nahwi grammar necessary to understand the Qur'an;
- Najas Najas an impurity which requires the believer to use the big ablution.
- Nakeer and Munkar, Nakeer wa munkar : The names of two angels who test the faith of the dead in their graves;
- Nasiha, Nasiha : Notice; recommendation;
- Nasikh see Repealing ;
- Nass, Nass : prescription; clause, stipulation;
- Nifaq, nifq : deceit, deception, self-righteousness;
- Niqab , niqab : veil tied behind her head resting on the top of the nose covering the lower face;
- Nur, Nur ;
- Nubuwwa, nubuwwa ;
O
For the Arabic words starting with "~ Or, see also U ~.
- Occultation, see Ghrayba
- Cleric , Alim : literally, "one who knows". In Islam, "theologian." Better known in the plural ulama ('ulama') , passed into French as cleric, who also serves as a singular: "a cleric;
- Umma , umma : the community of believers;
- `Umrah , umrah : (small) non-obligatory pilgrimage, not part of the five pillars of Islam ;
- `Urfa , urf : custom;
Q
- Qadarite , qadary : The word qadarite (qadary) is taken by antiphrasis. It means fatalistic but must be understood as a supporter of free will. The Qadarif (al-) emerged from the seventh century to proclaim free will and considering that each believer is accountable.
- Qadhi wa l-Qadr al-Qada wa l-Qadr : the will of God;
- Qadi , Qadi : Judge of Civil Affairs;
- Qadr , Qadr : dose, measure; divine decree. It is God's will as it exists before the creation.
- Qadds, qadds Al-Qadds is one of the 99 attributes of God ;
- Qalam , qalam Greek : Kalamos : calamus; pencil, pen . Writing instrument, it is the symbol of revelation "written" Koran. It is an esoteric point of view equivalent to the "Word" of the Gospel of John. It is the creative principle which all emanates.
- Qasas Qasas : narrative, history, narrative, relation ;
- Qibla , qibla : direction of Mecca for prayer;
- Qisas , qisas : retaliation ; compensation; punishment;
- Qiyam , qiyam : resurrection day of reckoning ;
- Qiyas , qiyas : analogy , religious or legal reasoning based on analogy with the rules already known;
- Qudsi , qudsy : The Sacred Hadith are considered relevant God's word and not the prophet.
- Qur n see Qur'an ;
- Quraysh , quray : Member of the tribute of the Prophet Muhammad whose eponymous Quraysh was born four generations before the Prophet ;
R
- Rabb, rabb : master lord God. is one of the 99 attributes of God ;
- Rabi `a al-Awwal , Rabi a al-Awwal : name of the third month of the Muslim calendar.
- Rabi `ath-Thani has , Rabi a has-Tani : name of the fourth month of the Muslim calendar.
- Rabita, Rabita : community Sufi of ( marabout );
- Rashid , Rasid pl. ridn : reasonable orthodox well directed;
- Rahman, Rahman is one of the 99 attributes of God ;
- Rahim, Rahim is one of the 99 attributes of God ;
- Ra i or Ra'y , ra y, ra i : personal opinion of the judge;
- Rajab , Rajab : name of the seventh month of the Muslim calendar. This is one of the four sacred months.
- Rajm , rajm : stoning: stoning;
- Rak a, rak a , pl. raka at : basic unit of the canonical prayer ( Salat ), each daily prayers consists of a set number of prostrations;
- Ramadan , Ramadan name of the ninth month of Muslim calendar. This month recalls the beginning of the revelation of the Koran given to Muhammad , is marked by fasting.
- Rasul , see Messenger ;
- Riba, riba : doubt, suspicion, doubt is a disease that eats away the heart
- Ribhi, Ribhi pl. arba : the loan with usury is prohibited by the Qur'an ;
- Ridda , ridda : apostasy; abjuration;
- Rifad, Rifad : assistance; honorific in Mecca, of ensuring the food supply for pilgrims;
- Risala, Risala : message, mission apostolate. That's the message brought by the Messenger (Rasul);
- Ruh, ruh : spirit, breath, gasoline soul. It is the divine breath that gives life to Adam
- Rukn , Rukn pl. arkan : pillar, support, column, basic principle, basic principle. Eg pillars of Islam.
- Ruku , ruku : synonymous Rak a ;
S
- Sabr, Sabr : self-control endurance;
- Sadaqa, Sadaqa : alms voluntary charity. in opposition to the legal alms ( Zaka )
- Sadaqa, sadaq : dowry dowry. Dowry given by the groom to his bride. In principle, this dot must remain the exclusive property of the wife ;
- Safar , Safar : name of the second month of the Muslim calendar ;
- Sahaba , Sahaba , sing. aby (sahby) , fem. abya (sahbya) , refers to the companions of Muhammad.
- Sahih , adj. Sahih (authentic) : authentic, true. Used as a name for the collections of hadiths from Bukhari and Muslim. Used as an adjective that describes these codes.
- Sahur sahur : meal before sunrise during the fasting month of Ramadan ;
- Salaah , Sala pl. prayer (salat) : prayer / prayer, one of the five pillars of Islam ;
- Salafism , Salafi , mahab as-Salaf , as-Salaf As-Saalih ,: doctrine referring to the first three generations of Islam , reputed to be perfect models;
- Salam , salam : the Arabic word shares a common root (SLM) with Islam , Islam "submission";
- Salla Allahu alayhi wa sallam, room- alayhi wa sallam llhu or "peace and prayer (blessing) of Allah be upon him," eulogy praising the name of Mohammed ;
- Salsabil, Salsabil : Name a source of paradise ;
- Sawm / Sawm , sawm : fasting: this may be the fasting month of Ramadan , one of the five pillars of Islam or the young supererogatory occurring on other occasions (fasting every Monday and Thursday for example).
- Saqar, Saqar : One of the many names of hell in the Qur'an ;
- Satan , ayn : devil: (a) Satan, Iblis. Used as a common noun and plural: the devils ;
- Sayyid , Sayyid : lord. Title used for the descendants of Muhammad ;
- Shu `biya u biya : means the resistance to the domination of Arabs in the Muslim world especially in Iran and Al-Andalus during the Abbasid.
- Sira , Sira name of biographies of Muhammad.
- Sirat al-Mustaqm, as-Sirat al-mustaqm : Straight Path. Expression commonly found in the Koran. Then the path to follow ;
- Siwak , siwak : toothpick natural whose use is recommended in the Hadith ;
- Sufi , Sufi : mystical movement of Islam (literally, "wool" the cloak worn by the Sufis);
- Subhan Allah Subhan Allah : expression of admiration or surprise;
- Subhanahu ta Ala, Subhanahu ta Ala ; in Muslim religious texts, written or oral, this eulogy following the word Allah.
- Sura , Sura : what is stored; chapter of the Koran ;
- Sunna , Sunnah : all acts, deeds and words of prophecy in Islam reported by his companions;
- Sunni , sunny "example"; current Sunni majority in Islam;
T
- Ta'awwudh , ta awwu is an invocation that requires the protection of God against Satan ;
- in Taba, Taba In : successors (the Sahaba ), those that follow. Names first Muslim born after the death of Muhammad.
- Tashkil, takl : vocalization of a text by adding the short vowels;
- Tafseer , Tafsir : exegesis, including the Koran ;
- Ummah , t : Name of a pre-Islamic idol; demon of rebellion, idol, false god ;
- Tahajjada, tahajjada : surrrogatoire night prayer. It is recommended to spend up to two thirds of the night in prayer ;
- Tahara, Tahara : In the secular sense: hygiene, purification, aseptic. In the religious sense: do his ablutions;
- Tahir, Tahir women. Tahira : pure, clear, for a woman does not menstruate;
- Tahrif, tahrif : In the Qur'an, Jews and Christians are accused of having falsified the divine revelation , in particular, they have erased the announcement of the coming of Muhammad ;
- Taifa , t ifa pl. Tawa if : community sect Brotherhood. At the time of al-Andalus split up into small kingdoms known as the Taifa rivals Reyes de Taifa.
- Tajdid, Tajdid : renewal, renewal, reform movement;
- Tajweed , Tajweed : beautification, as applied particularly to read the Koran to make the most profit;
- Takfir , takfir : the act of accusing a Muslim of being an infidel ( kafir );
- Talaq , talaq : divorce, divorce ;
- Talib , Talib pl. libn (Taliban) : student, candidate and applicant, who is studying to obtain a qualification;
- Taliban , libn : Name of a movement fundamentalist Afghanistan , in this sense, the plural of the word Arab is the only method;
- Tanzil, tanzil : divine revelation descended on Muhammad ;
- Taqiya , taqiya : having to hide to practice their religion;
- Taqlid , taqlid : imitation, that is to say respect, without questioning them, the precepts of jurisprudence;
- Taqsa, Taqsa : rite that marks the end of the pilgrimage to Mecca, is for men to cut their hair short or shave their head, for women to shorten the length of hair;
- Taraweeh , Tarawih : describes the prayers more than you can do during the nights of the month of Ramadan ;
- Tariqa , tariqa :; way, method, process. Brotherhood of mystical Sufi ;
- Tarkb , tarkb construction (eg a sentence); study of Arabic grammar from the Koran;
- Tartl , tartl : slow form of tajwd (recitation of the Quran applied);
- Tasawwuf , Tasawwuf : Sufism, mysticism;
- Tasnim, Tasnim : Name a source of the paradise ;
- Taslim, Taslima : greeting at the end of the prayer;
- Tawaf , Tawaf : circumambulation around the Kaaba ;
- Tawassoul , tawwasul : the concept of intercession of God;
- Tawheed , Tawheed : monotheism, appeal to the uniqueness of the existence of God;
- Tazir , ta zir : This legal term means that the sentence depends on local laws and jurisdiction. He opposes hadd which means that the sentence was fixed by God;
- Tayammum , tayammum : made ablution with sand or stone, in the absence of water;
- Tubba , Tubbs : Name of a people Sabean of Yemen ;
- Tufan , Tufan : flood; crowd deluge . See also Karb ;
- Tuwa, Tuwa : In the Qur'an is the name of the valley where the product of the burning bush scene
U
V
W
- Wadd, Wadd : Wadd is a pre-Islamic deity of love and friendship. Divinity of the Arab tribe of Banu Kalb (dog?) ;
- Wahdaniya Allah , Allah wadnya : oneness of God orthodox doctrine;
- Wahdat al-wujud , wahda al wud : uniqueness of the creation showing the oneness of God, doctrine Sufi developed by Ibn Arabi ;
- Wahhabi / Wahhabism , wahhby : Sunni Hanbali , which is named after Muhammad Abd al-Wahhab , a reformer of the eighteenth century was born in Saudi ;
- Wahi, Wahi : revelation, like one made with Moses , it differs from the one made exclusively to Muhammad (see Tanzil );
- Wajib, wajib : see also Fard ;
- Wakil, Wakil pl. wukal : lawyer; spokesperson; agent. In the Ismailis are the imams who represent the hidden imam. Al-Wakil is one of the 99 attributes of God ;
- Wali , wali : Title of the Arab governors of Al-Andalus provincial governor, viceroy. In Morocco it is a prefect appointed by the king. Not to be confused with the next word that shares the same root meaning to govern.;
- Waly , waly pl. awly : holy friend of God; guardian who serves as spiritual guide. The Koran invites his friends to choose among the believers ;
- Wqi a, Waqi a : accident fait accompli which is inevitable ;
- Warraq, Warraq : scribe, publishing, notary, printing;
- Wasat Wasat : center; heart, middle, mean, moderation;
- Wasi way : executor, guardian. Ali is the of the Shiites of Mohammed and therefore should succeed him;
- Waswa, Waswa : The tempter maybe a jinn or a man, he is in any case led by the Demon ;
- Wildn, wildn : boy Adonis Paradise . See also Ghulam ;
- Witr, or watr witr : surrrogatoire prayer with an odd number of prostrations celebrated after the canonical prayer of and before praying Chaf ;
- Wudu ' , wudu : small ablutions before prayer ;
X
Y
- Yaghth, ya name of a deity venerated in pre-Islamic relief Yemen ;
- Gog Magog wa, ya wa m juj juj : Gog and Magog are strange tribes entrenched behind high walls . The arrival of these people and mentioned in the hadith ;
- Yaqin, yakin : deep faith ;
- Ya uq, uq are: pre-Islamic name of a deity or Hamdan of Yemen Morad ;
- Yawm, yawm : day day
- Yawm Al-Qiam , Yawm al-qiyam : Judgement Day , see also Qiyam ;
Z
- Zabur, zabur : the Psalms revealed to David according to the Koran are one of the books forming the pre-Islamic revelation;
- Zakat , zakat : alms, one of the five pillars of Islam.
- Dhahirism , Zahir : apparent, evident, manifest. Term Sufism opposes esoteric ( batin ).
- Zaydism , zaydya : The Zaidism is a branch of Shiite Islam whose adherents recognize Zayd ibn 'Ali as the fifth and last imam.
- Zalim / Zlimn, Zalim : oppressor; unfair ;
- Zamzam , name dr. : name of the well drilled near the Ka `aba.
- Zaouia , zwiya : angle, corner, brotherhood, community Sufi Maghreb in this context the word is practically synonymous with Rabita.
- Zaqqum, zaqqum : a mythical tree that hell, provides food for the Damned ;
- Zihr, ihr from Zahra : This term means the act of pronouncing the formula of pre-Islamic repudiation of his wife: "Be to me like the back of my mother." This formula was ambiguous in the sense forbidden by the Koran ;
- See zikr Dhikr ;
- Zina , Zina : adultery, fornication
- Zuhr , Zuhr : second canonical prayer;
- Zul-~ see -~ Dhu'l
List of terms from the Turkish
- bayram (Bairam) holiday, used to describe the ` Eid
- minare (minaret) from the Arabic word manara , , meaning "round";
- muezzin (muezzin) from Arabic mu Waddin, and designates the person in charge of the mosque's call to prayer ( Adana);
- mslman (Muslim) from the Arabic plural Muslimun , meaning Muslims (submitted in French);
- Mehmet derivative Turkish Mahomet distortion of his Arabic name "Muhammad", .
Notes
- "The book of the Gentiles and the three wise men", edition of Shine, 1992
- Qur'an , "The Country" XC ; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Prophets", XXI , 85; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Cave", XVIII , 83-96; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Pen", LXVIII , 48; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Morning", XCIII , (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Women", IV , 92; fr.org / wiki /% D8% B3% D9% 88% D8% B1% D8% A9_% D8% A7% D9% 84% D9% 86% D8% B3% D8% A7% D8% A1 "class = "external text" rel = "nofollow"> (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Geniuses," LXXII , (ar)
- Qur'an , "Angels or the Creator, XXXV , (ar)
- Qur'an , "Mount Sinai", LII , 24; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Ranks", XXXVII , 101; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Confederates, XXXIII , (ar)
- Qur'an , "The defamation" VSD , (ar)
- Qur'an , "Le Divorce", LXV , 4, (ar)
- Act repealed by Act No. 2004-439 of 26 May 2004
- Qur'an , "The Confederates, XXXIII , 59; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Prophets", XXI , 76, ranks 37, 76, (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Women", IV , 3; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Dawn of Day", CXIII , (ar) and the Quran , "Men", CXIV , (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Hypocrites, LXIII , (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Light", XXIV , (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Prophets", XXI , (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Emigration ', LIX , 23; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Pen", LXVIII , (ar)
- Dictionary of Muslim symbols, Malek Chebel, Editions Albin Michel ( ISBN 978-2-226-12137-0 )
- Qur'an , "History and Adventures", XXVIII , (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Resurrection", LXXV , (ar)
- Qur'an , "the Koreich, CVI , (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Cow", II , 9-10, (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Family of Imran, III , 130; (ar)
- Qur'an , "Hedjra," XV , 29; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Women", IV , 4-5; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Man", LXXVI , 18; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Moon", LIV , 48; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Women", IV , 60; (ar)
- For example, The Koran , "The Cow", II , 6-7; (ar)
- Sahih Bukhari For example, Volume 1, Livre4, Hadith No. 246 (in)
- For example, The Koran , "The Cow", II , 256-257; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Envelope", LXXIII , 1-4 and 20; (ar)
- Qur'an , "Al-Araf, VII , 75; (ar)
- Qur'an , "Le Divorce", LXV , (ar)
- Qur'an , "Ya Sin, XXXVI , 5-6; (ar)
- Qur'an , "fraudsters", LXXXIII , 27; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Smoke", XLIV , 37; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Spider", XXIX , 14, the recesses 7, 133; (ar)
- Qur'an , "Ta Ha", XX , 12; (ar)
- Exodus 3. 5-6
- Qur'an , "Noah", LXXI , 23-24, (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Star", LIII , 4, (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Cattle", VI , 102; (ar)
- For example, The Koran , "The Cow", II , 8; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Event", LVI , (ar)
- Qur'an , "Men", CXIV , 4, (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Man", LXXVI , 19; (ar)
- Qur'an , "Noah", LXXI , 23, (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Cave", XVIII , 94 ff; (ar)
- Sahih Bukhari Book 55, Hadith No. 565, (in) and subsequent
- Qur'an , "Hedjra," XV , 99; (ar)
- Qur'an , "Noah", LXXI , 23, (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Resurrection", LXXV , 6; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Family of Imran, III , 184; (ar)
- For example, The Koran , "The Cow", II , 95; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Ranks", XXXVII , 62; (ar) The Koran , "The Night Journey, XVII , 60; (ar)
- Qur'an , "The Plaideuse, LVIII , 2, (ar)
See also
Related articles
External Links
Bibliography
- Vocabulary of Islam, and Dominique Janine Sourdel, ditions PUF, "Que sais-je?", 2008
- Historical Dictionary of Islam, and Dominique Janine Sourdel, ditions PUF, 2004 ( ISBN 978-2-130-54536-1 )
- Dictionary of Muslim symbols, Malek Chebel, Editions Albin Michel, 1995 ( ISBN 978-2-266-12137-0 )
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