Umar Bin Abd Al Aziz
Abu Hafs `Umar ibn` Abd al-Aziz Umar II or ( 682 - 720 ) ( Arabic : ) was the eighth Caliph Umayyad. He succeeded his cousin Sulayman due to illness in 717. He is the son of `Abd al-Aziz governor of Egypt, which his elder brother, the caliph Abd al-Malik had initially promised the succession before designating his eldest son Al-Walid I.. The second son of `Abd al-Malik Sulayman , succeeded his brother. Umar bin Abd al-Aziz arrived interrupt this succession between brothers for a short time, because three years later it is the third son of 'Abd al-Malik, Yazid II , who succeeded him.
It is sometimes regarded as the fifth caliph " rightly guided "( Arabic : Rashid) of Islam History Umar was born around 682, at Medinah (or Egypt?) where he lived until the death of his father. Then he was summoned to Damascus by `Abd al-Malik married his daughter Fatima. `Abd al-Malik died shortly after. Umar was appointed by Governor of Madinah Al-Walid. Breaking with the use of his predecessors, created a council to govern the province. At this time the complaints with the caliph and stopped many immigrants came from Iraq to escape the brutality of al-Hajjaj. This prompted Al-Walid to revoke Umar from his post as governor. Umar was revoked but his reputation spread throughout the empire. Umar continued to live in Medina. Sulayman shortly before his death appointed by will Umar bin Abd al-Aziz as his successor, on the pretext that her children were too young to perform this task. In 717 , Sulayman sent Maslama bin Abd al-Malik to the conquest of Constantinople. The seat went wrong for the Arabs starving to have to eat their horses. Upon taking power Umar ordered Maslama to lift the siege of Constantinople and return to Syria with all his men. Umar did send supplies to those troops. Upon his arrival in Damascus, Maslama went to the court of `Umar, but the caliph refused to receive him. The next Maslama came to the palace accompanied by two thousand men and it was not received. The third day he came to the palace accompanied by a slave, then Umar agreed to see him. Umar said the Maslama lesson on the proper use of wealth and Maslama be submitted . The death of Al-Hajjaj was felt as a liberation for all people who had been subjected to his authority. Appointed governor of Khorasan by Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik , Yazid bin al-Muhallab had been complaints but Sulayman had no time to intervene. Umar sent a letter to Yazid bin Muhallab asking him to pledge allegiance, to surrender the government of Khorasan to one of his lieutenants and to come to Damascus. Yazid gave his government to his son Mukhallad. He sailed from Wasit to Basra. He was placed under arrest and brought before Umar. It had claimed the booty taken Yazid during his campaigns in Gorgan. Named Umar al-Jarrah al-Hakam governor of Khorasan ( 718 ). Mukhallad having learned of the arrest of her father went to of `Umar. A few days after this interview Mukhallad fell ill and died. Yazid bin Muhallab remained in prison until 720 when he managed to escape. Umar deposed other governors abusive . In 719 , Muhammad ibn `Ali ibn` Abd Allah ibn `Abbas's father who later became the first Caliph Abbasid Have Saffah , began to lay the foundations of the system that will succeed in overthrowing the Umayyads . In Damascus Al-Walid had a reputation as a builder and an aesthetic, Sulayman was that of a fan of the harem and pleasure, and his successor Umar that a religious man contemptuous luxury. He left the palace to live in a house dressed so simply that some mistook him for a servant. There are many uplifting stories about his honesty and generosity. He redistributed the land confiscated by the Umayyads. He accepted the gifts rarely and instead he imposed his wife to give her jewels to the treasury. He tried to enforce more rigorously the Sharia. He was on the verge of destroying the mosaics of the Great Mosque of Damascus because of landscapes. Learning that the mosaics made envious Byzantines , he desisted. He took an edict forbidding curse `Ali at the end of Friday prayers and recite a verse from the Koran instead. This made him unpopular at the Umayyad court of the people's support but said that no one openly expressed his opposition. He closed the taverns and baths, where women mingled with men. He abolished the poll tax ( jizya ) on the new converts that were perceived as if they were still dhimmis. He deposed Al-Jarrah al-Hakami a year and a half after having appointed governor of Khorasan unduly because he perceived that tax. He made one of the first census of hadiths , lest they get lost. Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hazm was one of those who participated in this compilation. Umar died Feb. 7 720 Sat Dayr `n , some suggest it was poisoned . The reign of Al-Walid
The reign of Sulayman
His reign
His works
Preceded by Omar ibn Abdilaziz Followed by Sulayman 
Umayyad 
Yazid II Notes
See also
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