Ubayd Allah Al Mahdi
Summary |
Biography
The mission of Abu Abdullah al-Shi'a
The center of the Ismaili propaganda was in Syria to Have Salamiya. This propaganda Shiite worried the Caliph Abbasid. Imam Ismail bin Jafar as-Sadiq son of the sixth Imam Shia was sent to North Africa missionaries ( da `i ) responsible for preparing the coming of a "sent". Among these missionaries Abu Abdullah al-Shi'a knew how to build a small entity Ismaili in Kabylia with the help of Berber Kutama. He used to this trickery, persuasion and occasionally force when some tribal leaders opposed to him too much resistance. He knew how to spare the people by promising the abolition of taxes not Koranic.
`Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi finally decides to join the Maghreb but fails to meet Abu Abdullah, he took refuge in Sijilmassa in Morocco. In 905, at the request of the sovereign Aghlabid Zyadat Allah , the governor of the Sijilmassa put under house arrest.
March 19, 909, Abu Abdullah finally overcomes the Aghlabids near Laribus. Six days after he entered their capital Raqqada. Abu Abdullah to share Sijilmassa to finally meet his imam he had never seen. In passing it destroys the kingdom Rustamid of Tahert (26 August 909 ).
Taking the power of `Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi
On January 6, 910 , `Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi arrives triumphantly Raqqada dressed in black silk, while his son wears a costume similar orange silk. All are significant Arab or not there to receive him and take the oath of allegiance. Islamic law is enacted and reinforced all the stops. `Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi fled to Syria finally managed to Sijilmassa in southern Morocco. This city was a hotbed of Kharidjisme he made himself imprisoned by the local ruler.
On 15 January 910 , he took the title of caliph and Commander of the Faithful "despite the existence of the Caliph Abbasid. This was the first time two caliphs reigned at the same time. In 911, Abu Abd Allah driven by his brother began to plot against the caliph, he had somehow created. `Ubayd Allah put him to death a number of rebel leaders and had become Kutama run Abu` Abd Allah and his brother in 911 . The Kutama who were more attached to Abu `Abd Allah as the new caliph, revolted. `Ubayd Allah was able to control the situation on the continent, but he lost some of the land of the ancient kingdom Aghlabid Sicily in particular.
Attempts to conquer Egypt
Immediately pacified the Maghreb, Al-Mahdi turns to Egypt because his ambition is to recreate a great Muslim empire. In 913 , the son of Al-Mahdi, Al-Qaim , commands a fleet along the coast of Egypt and took Tripoli before returning.
During the following year Hubasa bin Yusuf heads east, it takes Sirte. February 6, 914 it enters Barqah ( Benghazi ). July 7, 914 , Al-Qaim hand turn to Egypt with a large army. But contrary to orders, Yusuf bin Hubasa not waiting the arrival of Al-Qaim and to continue its advance to Alexandria August 27 914 . The army of the Abbasid managed to keep the Fatimids to penetrate further into Egypt. Fatimid armies withdraw, but Al-Qa'im leaves a garrison and returned to Barqah Raqqada May 26 915 .
In 914 , Al-Mahdi decided to build the port of Mahdia south-east of Kairouan chosen as capital of his kingdom. This new capital was inaugurated with great pomp on 20 February 921 after seven years of work, should enable him to prepare a fleet to retake the offensive in Egypt.
In 919 , Al-Qaim made a second attempt to invade Egypt. The Fatimid army under his command from April 5 919 . From July 9 919 , the vanguard of his army arrived in Alexandria. Fatimid armies bypass the city to move to the capital. They were again repulsed after a naval defeat at Rosetta cons Abbasid fleet (11 May 920 ). They retreat to Barqah .
Taking into account perhaps its failures in Egypt, `Ubayd Allah strengthen his rear by undertaking the conquest of North Africa in 922. He set up a local emir, but it really did not control the region. The emirs Umayyad Cordoba provoking unrest in the region north and Idrisids south.
The harshness of the regime imposed by `Ubayd Allah leads to rebirth in the current population of the Maghreb Kharijites.
`Ubayd Allah died on 3 March 934 and his son Abu al-Qasim al-Qaim Bi-Amr Allah , with whom he made all his campaigns, succeeded him.
| Preceded by | Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi | Followed by | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hidden imams |
| Al-Qaim Bi-Amr Allah |
Notes
- Arabic : 'Ubayd Allah al-Husayn ibn al-madh,
- Ernest Mercier History of North Africa, Volume 1, Adamant Media Corporation ( ISBN 1421253453 and 9781421253459 )
- Charles-Andre Julien, History of North Africa from its origins to 1830, Ed Payot, Paris, 1994 ( ISBN 978-2-228-88789-2 ), p. 393.
- 911 July 31 after Charles-Andre Julien, ibid, p. 394.
February 18, according to (en) Rebellion of Abul Abbas on http://www.ismaili.net.
In July 911 after () Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 10, 1911 See alsoRelated articles
Links and external documents
- Charles-Andre Julien , History of North Africa from its origins to 1830, original edition 1931, reprint Payot, Paris, 1994 ( ISBN 978-2-228-88789-2 )
- (Ar) The Fatmides
- Ismaili History, (in) Muhammad al-Mahdi (268-322/881-934)
Loading ...