Turkish Orthodox Church
| Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate (Trk Ortodoks Patrikhanesi) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Founder (s) | Pavli Eftim Erenerol |
| Autocephaly / Autonomy declared | 1922 |
| Autocephaly / Autonomy recognized | Unrecognized |
| Current primate | Eftim IV |
| Headquarters | Istanbul, Turkey |
| Primary territory | Turkey |
| Territorial extension | - |
| Rite | Byzantine |
| Language (s) liturgical (s) | Turkish |
| Musical tradition | Byzantine |
| Calendar | Orthodox liturgical |
| Estimated population | less than 100 |
change  | |
The Turkish Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church or Karamanli Turkish Orthodox Church of Turkey is an Orthodox noncanonical. The head of the Church carries the title of Patriarch (Patrik Turkish) and lives in Istanbul.
Summary |
In the midst of the "war of national liberation" ( 1 919 - one thousand nine hundred and twenty-two ) led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk against the Allied powers and mainly against Greece , an Orthodox Patriarchate of Turkey was created. The government of Ankara placed at its head a Greek Orthodox priest (speaking the dialect Greek-Turkish Karamanli or Cappadocian ) of Kayseri , Pavlos Karahisarithis ( 1884 - 14 March 1968 ). Member of a family known in the region of Kara-Hisar, a supporter of the Christians of Anatolia turkicization (to avoid their deportation), he turkicization its name and became Zeki Erenerol to official records, taking the religious name of Pavli Eftim Karahisaroglu. For the Kemalist movement, removal of Orthodox Christians from Turkey to the influence of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople was a political choice because patriarchy was seen as a fifth column serving the enemy of Greece. Note that at the time, the Minor Asia had 1.5 million Greek Orthodox (not including Assyrians , Chaldeans , Armenians , etc.).. In the midst of war with Greece , the Kemalist had every reason to divide this community.
In this context, a board of 72 religious meeting in November 1921 in Caesarea ( Kayseri ) said on 21 September 1922 establishing this Church, under the official name of the Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate independent. The new church claims to represent more than 400,000 Turkish-speaking Orthodox living in the region of Cappadocia , or roughly one third of Orthodox Turkey.
Metropolitan Prokopios was named "patriarchal vicar" and a Holy Synod of 12 bishops was instituted. Turkish was adopted as a liturgical language. In January 1923 , with support from the government of Ankara , Pavli Eftim was enthroned as the Patriarch of Baba or Daddy Eftim Eftim (Greek: Papa Efthimiou), while the married priests can not normally become bishops in the Churches Orthodox. The community published a newspaper called Anadolu'da Ortodoksluk Sadas (Voice of Orthodoxy in Anatolia), of which only 16 issues were published between July 1922 and February 1923.
During negotiations that led to the Treaty of Lausanne of 24 July 1923 , the Turkish government used the Turkish Orthodox Church to demonstrate to foreign delegations that the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (regarded as too influenced by Greece) was no longer necessary and that it could be transferred to Greece since the Orthodox Turkish citizens now had their national patriarchy, like the Bulgarians and Serbs Orthodox have their national churches.
But following the acceptance by the Turkish government for maintaining the Ecumenical Patriarchate (Greek) to Istanbul under Allied pressure, the desire to build a church Turkish "national" lost its logic, and finally, the exchange of population that ended the Orthodox presence in the region of Cappadocia dealt a fatal blow to this new church, taking away his sole community potential.
The head of the Church, Pavli Eftim, moved to Istanbul with special permission from the Turkish government which saved the population exchange. It provides a list of 65 persons who, in turn, moved to Istanbul. Several buildings were granted by their government in the district of Pera ( Beyolu ) after their owners abandoned by fleeing Greeks in Greece following the Turkish victory in September 1922.
Under the Republic
Based in Istanbul , Pavli Eftim had the idea to take the title of Ecumenical Patriarch and to do that, he held the patriarchal seat in the district of Fener. But the government judged too ambitious and that act contrary to the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) , and was therefore removed by police on the 17th day of the occupation. He said he wanted only to protest against the Greek Patriarch Gregorios VII held pro-Athenian. To hold a place of worship to continue operations, he served the Greek Orthodox Church Panagia Kaphatiani in the Galata district, on the European side of Istanbul. The Ecumenical Patriarch excommunicated the 19 February 1924. The second board of the Turkish Orthodox Church took place in June 1924 in this church occupied.
Initially welcomed by some Orthodox Christians of Turkey, which feared the negative consequences of the involvement of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the Greco-Turkish War and hoped to escape the population exchanges, the Patriarchate of Baba Eftim was quickly seen as an institution puppet without any real foundation, out of the mothballs every crisis between Turkey and Greece for the purposes of propaganda. Mustafa Kemal himself was not done too many illusions about this, calling Baba Eftim "general without soldiers." However, a second church in the same neighborhood, Sotiros Christos, was occupied on March 31 1926 by supporters of Pavli Eftim. This church was made to the Ecumenical Patriarchate by the intervention of the Turkish government in 1948.
A newspaper titled Metarithmisis was published between 1926 and 1932 , but in Turkish in Greek characters to defend the cause of the Turkish Orthodox Church and Greek Orthodox call of Istanbul (about 100 000 people in 1927 ) to abandon the Ecumenical Patriarchate to join this church, without much success.
Missing entirely of clerics in its ranks, Pavli Eftim ordered in 1937 and his nephews Ermis Doran, and Turgut, his eldest son. In 1956 , it was the turn of his youngest son Seluk. Turgut Erenerol was appointed bishop on 15 October 1961. Following the withdrawal of his father for health reasons, he became the second Patriarch of the Turkish Orthodox Church 28 February 1964 under the name of Eftim II.
Supporters of the Orthodox Church Turkish occupied churches and Aghios Nikolaos Aghios Ioannis Prodromos, still in the Galata district, in August 1965.
The founder of the Church, Pavli Eftim died 14 March 1968 , but the Ecumenical Patriarchate opposed his burial in an Orthodox cemetery, since he had previously been excommunicated. Only after the personal intervention of President of the Republic, Cevdet Sunay , the leave was granted and he was buried in the cemetery Greek Sisli. The same problem resurfaced after the death of Eftim II on 9 May 1991. His brother Seluk Erenerol became patriarch under the name Eftim III.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Turkish government proposed to Stepan Topal, Chief Gk-Oguz and Gagauz (Turkic Orthodox Bessarabia ), to bind to Eftim III, which would be increased from forty to nearly faithful 120 000. Stepan Topal visited him in 1994 at the expense of the Turkish government. But Eftim III asked to send 100 families Gagauz and 4 priests in Istanbul to build a true community, that Stepan Topal could not accept because he had other commitments inherited from its Soviet past: keep the pressure on Russian the newly independent government of the Republic of Moldova , the claim of an autonomous region Gagauzia in Moldova, so that the new state does not leave the sphere of influence of Moscow Current status Eftim III ordered deacon his son and nephew Erkin Paa in August 2000 and died in December 2002. He was replaced by Erenerol Pasha, who took the title of Pavli Eftim IV. In fact, Eftim III had declared its withdrawal a few weeks before his death to protest against the attitude, too lax in its taste, the Turkish government vis--vis the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the prelude to him an entry of Turkey in the European Union which he opposed. The daughter of Eftim III, so sister of Eftim IV Sevgi Erenerol, serves as the spokesperson since 1990 and currently remains the only known figure of a flock without patriarchy. It occurs occasionally in ultranationalist rallies to denounce the activities of foreign evangelical missionaries in Turkey. She also protested against the efforts of Turkey to join the European Union, saying that reforms to this end will eventually harm the country. It so appeared among the demonstrators protesting against the holding of an "Armenian Conference" in Istanbul in September 2005, unfavorable to the official Turkish thesis on the "events of 1915" and also wanted to bring a civil lawsuit against the Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink (killed in January 2007 ) on the basis of Article 301 of Turkish Penal Code which punishes "insulting Turkishness." As part of a share of the Turkish police launched in January 2008 against an ultranationalist network and sovereignty called "Ergenekon," which allegedly planned attacks in order to create favorable conditions for military intervention against the government AKP , Sevgi Erenerol was arrested, along with other figures of this movement ultranationalist, and imprisoned in January 2008 Paakaps prison in Istanbul on the grounds of having "pushed the people to rebellion." This patriarchate has never had another priest Eftim Baba, for his successors had never received any theological training. The community of this church is limited to the extended family of Erenerol has nearly 40 members currently ( 2007 ). The family manages to use his ecclesiastical property, which provide substantial revenues allowing it to spin out of control taxation, since the property belongs to a religious foundation. Currently two of their churches remain closed, while the third (Agios Ioannis Prodromos) is leased to the Assyrian community since the early 1990s. In the late 1960s, a U.S. branch was founded by a physician African-American convert, Kristof Civet (Christopher M. Cragg), which did not depend on the Greek Archbishop of the United States and therefore the Ecumenical Patriarchate. It would have counted up to 20 churches and 14,800 members in 1971 , but in the 1980's archbishop moved to Chicago and renamed it "American Orthodox Church, Diocese of Chicago and North America." There was only one church dependent on this sector in 1991. The Church has never maintained concrete relations with the Orthodox Church in Turkey. The Patriarchate has three churches, Kaphatiani Panagia (Our Lady of Kaffa ), Aghios Nikolaos (Saint Nicolas) and Aghios Ioannis Prodromos (Saint-Jean-Baptiste), all located in one small area in the district of Karaky on the European side of Istanbul. Only one of Aghios Ioannis Prodromos ( Saint-Jean-Baptiste ) still hosts religious services, since it was leased to the community Assyrian , under the direction of brahim Asil. It was slightly damaged by a bomb on 29 April 2000. The Ecumenical Patriarchate has never recognized the occupation and has always demanded the return of these churches. Plate indicating the presence of the Patriarchate to the Church of Our Lady of Caffa Istanbul Entrance to the Church of Our Lady of Caffa Istanbul Agios Nikolaos Church Istanbul Church of St. John the Baptist Istanbul Jean-Baptiste Naudet in Le Monde , several articles in 1992-1994 Churches
Patriarchs
See also
Related articles
External Links
Photo Gallery
Bibliography
References
Autocephalous churches Autonomous Churches Independent churches noncanonical Note See also: two councils of churches - churches of three councils - the Eastern Catholic Churches
Loading ...