Triple Alliance Mesoamerica
Aztecs  | |
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Triple Alliance is the name commonly given, including the Mesoamerican , a former political institution Hispanic supranational and the center of the current Mexico , who was called in Nahuatl .
Summary |
Terminology
"Triple Alliance" is a modern expression goes back at least to the eighteenth century , since it is found in the writings of the historian Francisco Javier Clavijero. In the sixteenth century , the chronicler ancestry Acolhua Ixtlilxochitl employed for its part, the term "imperio de las cabezas very." In the Codex Osuna is the term Nahuatl 'yn etetl tzontecomatl "(meaning" three heads ") which designates this alliance .
History
This institution dates back at least to the time Toltec , if one believes Chimalpahin . She would then have been the result of an alliance between Tula , Culhuacan and Otompan.
Coatlinchan then allegedly took place in Tula and Azcapotzalco that of Otompan before the Tepanecs not waive this covenant .
After the victory of Mexico-Tenochtitlan , Texcoco and Tacuba on Azcapotzalco in 1430 , these three "altepeme" restored this institution, recovering the securities Culhuacan respectively, and Azcapotzalco Coatlinchan previously occupied his head .
This latest alliance controlled in the early sixteenth century , most of central Mexico between the coast pacific coast and the Gulf of Mexico. His main rivals were the Tarascan. Southeast of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, the cities of the Valley of Puebla , including Tlaxcala , formed an enclave stubbornly resisted military pressure of the triple alliance. Tlaxcala allied with the conquistadors in Spain of Hernn Corts when he arrived in Mesoamerica and helped them win the Triple Alliance in 1521, first flying in Texcoco and Mexico-Tenochtitlan.
Function
The main function of the triple alliance was legal, as its name suggests Nahuatl. His role was to resolve conflicts between " altepeme "( city states ) under its jurisdiction and to maintain security throughout their territory and to impose loyalty of different political entities in the coalition, when 'They were reluctant .
It also served to justify the expansion of the last military alliance on the Basin of Mexico .
She finally used to cover the balance of forces and distribution of toll among the three powers Nahua who were in his head. At the end of the day Postclassic , the alliance was not egalitarian, however: according Ixtlilxochitl , Mexico-Tenochtitlan and Texcoco each received 2 / 5 tributes during conquests and Tlacopan 1 / 5, according to Torquemada, had received a Tlacopan / 5 of tributes, Texcoco, a 1 / 3 of remaining Tenochtitlan and the rest . When the Spanish troops arrived in 1520, declining influence of Texcoco and Tacuba had almost been absorbed by Mexico-Tenochtitlan.
Michel Graulich summarizes the situation in imaginative ways: "All in all, the empire was racketeering. Three gang allies, each having a privileged territory, intimidating all around to get regular payments in exchange for 'protection' " .
References
- Lesbre and Vabre 2004 , p. 380.
- a , b , c , d , e and f Lpez Austin and Lpez Lujn 2001 , p. 215
- Carrasco 1999 , p. 19.
- Lpez Austin and Lpez Lujn 2001 , p. 233
- Jacqueline de Durand-Forest , The Aztecs, Les Belles Lettres, 2008, p. 98 .
- Michel Graulich, Montezuma, Fayard, p. 58
Notes
Related articles
Bibliography
- (Es) Alfredo Lpez Austin and Leonardo Lpez Lujn , El pasado indgena, Fondo de Cultura Econmica , El Colegio de Mxico, al. "Fideicomiso Historia de las Amricas / Historia, 1996 (reprint 2001), 332 p. ( ISBN 9789681664343 ) .
- (In) Pedro Carrasco, The Empire of Ancient Mexico Tenochca. The Triple Alliance of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tacuba, University of Oklahoma Press, 1999 .
- Patrick and Marie-Jos Lesbre Vabre, Hispanic and colonial Mexico: a tribute to Jacqueline de Durand-Forest, L'Harmattan, 2004, 409 p. ( ISBN 2747564169 ) .
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