Tribalism
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From a historical point of view, a tribe is a social formation existing after the formation of the state. Some people use this term to refer to people living with non-Western or indigenous societies. Some anthropologists use the word for organized societies based on kinship ties, especially for families with one offspring. In some countries like the United States , or India , the tribes are indigenous peoples who have legal recognition in the country. Tribal governments may be a tribal chief or a kind of tribal council, which represents the tribe and is generally composed of elderly and wise.
Description
Concept greatly debated among anthropologists: they see differences between the tribe before the state and the contemporary, some of these discussions reflect a controversy over colonialism. In the popular imagination, tribes reflect a way of life supposedly more "natural" that the modern state. The tribes have social advantages because they are homogenous, patriarchal and stable. Some believe that the tribes are organized according to kinship ties, and have a social ideology based on solidarity.
In 1972, Morton Fried in his The Concept of the Tribe shows many examples of members of tribes who speak different languages and practice different rituals or shared language and practices from other tribes. It also shows different examples of tribes that follow different political leader. He concluded that tribes in general are characterized by heterogeneity of thoughts.
Archaeologists continue to explore the development of pre-state tribes. Research shows that the tribal structures have a type of adaptation in different situations.
See also
- List of African ethnic groups
- List of tribes of the Maghreb - Algeria , Morocco , Tunisia
- List of indigenous peoples of the Americas
- Australian Aborigines
- Tribes of Israel
- Magyar tribes
- Segmentary society
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