Transcendent

The term transcendence (Latin of cross, surpass) has several meanings, grouped around the idea of or

The transcendent is what is beyond, exceeding, surpassing, being an entirely different order. For example, the mind transcends the material.

The term is particularly used to discuss the relationship of God to the world. The design of a transcendent God does not mean it is completely outside and beyond the world, these notions of outside and beyond are they with the world but that its nature does is not limited to the inside or below it and the include and go beyond them, that God manifests or not. It arises from the design Aristotelian of God.

Conversely, the philosophies of immanence , as stoicism or pantheism of Spinoza maintains that God is manifest in the world, and is present in it and the things that compose it.

In phenomenology

In phenomenology , the transcendental is that which transcends our own consciousness, that is to say what is objective , as opposed to what is only a phenomenon of our consciousness.

Kant

For Kant , the transcendent is what is beyond all possible experience, beyond all possibility of knowledge. Not to be confused with " transcendental. "

In Marx

For Marx , transcendence is the human capacity to create its future by its conscious work at present. This work, to be conscious, must be preceded always present, a reflection to determine the goal.

For transhumanist

Some groups like transcistes transhumanists talk about the concept of technological transcendence, it overlaps with the concept of technological singularity while surpassing. Indeed, it is both when the technology will be able to move only in its development and complexity, but also the attitude of trust and total surrender to technological progress.

In mathematics

In mathematics, transcendence is a property of real or complex numbers. A transcendental number is a number real or complex root that is no polynomial equation with integer coefficients. Thus, for example, Ferdinand von Lindemann showed in 1882 that is transcendental. This notion has been subsequently generalized to other objects, such as transcendental functions.

Transcendence by various authors

Transcendent is what is "trans", "beyond", implying a frontier of human immanent is what is inside that boundary, in the "below" or " here below. "

For Kant , reason experiences the desire to know things are outside of empirical experience (whether sensible or intelligible), namely God, freedom and soul . And yet this quote even more explicit: "We call immanent principles whose application is held entirely within the limits of possible experience, and transcendental who must raise their flight over these limits. "

Like "there's nothing to say" on or beyond absolute, some, like Kant , Marx , Wittgenstein , want to ignore the absolute border: "Anything that can properly be said can be said clearly, and what we can not speak, keep silence . And again: "A Nietzsche, Gide, and all others, deny transcendence, then (...) (...) is restored by moving in the deviant (...), a transcendence which, Gide as the soul has lost its name .

Others, like Sartre in the wake of Husserl , recognize the existence of an absolute boundary, but they advise against the human caught it as it opens to an absolute beyond where speech (or thought or knowledge) human has no control, because there is nothing and that an associative relationship is thinking: "What happens the relationship surpasses us, and the unreal is the Unthinkable ... .. .. " Thus Husserl declares: "the philosophy of transcendence throws us on the highway, amid threats, under a blinding light. . They prefer to focus on the moral frontier, more concrete: "At Jaspers, there is a second meaning of transcendence, as he characterizes the movement we do constantly challenge ourselves to ourselves. Existing performs ever a movement of transcendence, is more than ever . And again: "Because my subjectivity is not inertia, withdrawal, separation, but instead move towards each other, the difference between me and the other is abolished and that I can call the other mine (...) I am not a thing but a project with me to the other, a transcendence .

Others, however, think that it is the tangent of the border that is played first philosophy or metaphysics. Thus Bergson wrote: "At this point (of contact) is something simple, infinitely simple, so incredibly simple that the philosopher could ever say, so he talked about his life . " They try, through the paths of reason, the logos, in short, of the here, to go closer to the border impassable, to the touch, touches or mystical intuition.

Pascal : "The infinite distance from the body to the spirits contained infinitely more infinite distance minds to charity ... From all bodies together, we can not succeed a thought ... Of all the bodies and minds we ' can take in a movement of true charity ... " In this text, on the border is an infinite distance, the absolute border, a distance infinitely infinite. Whatever the name given to the transcendent, here "charity", otherwise the act or God or First Cause or the Transcendent , provided that the afterlife is absolute, unknowable and therefore unspeakable. And yet this quote more explicit: "This rise is so prominent and so transcendent that it does not stop at the sky, it was not enough to satisfy . "

Janklvitch : "What we seek is not only the Other Orders of Logos, but the All-other-order ... If metempirical of eternity, universality and necessity was the ultimate plan, he n 'there would be another epistemological metaphysics that is to say, and even immanent, as in the Kantian apriorism, not as transcendent transcendental ...". In this passage, and a little further, Janklvitch as Pascal , well apart on a border, or "shocking", between the world of bodies collected and the spirit or reason, "the world of essences and intelligible reports, s it transcends the immediately given, does not transcend the thought ...", and a clear borderline, or "scandalous" between "thinking" and "what is happening and we thought surpasses" because it is "unthinkable and contradictory to deny the conditions that make possible axiomatic thinking in general ...".

It is the metaphysics which is the study of the absolute transcendence "is called metaphysics which transcends the natural world that is beyond causality and Language" (Errenios). We find the idea of an absolute frontier, beyond causality and language that are our human frontier. And again: "The ego has really discovered the emptiness of the world and I can not not meet the reality and fullness of transcendence. He can not discover that not only is really the Absolute Transcendence .

Metaphysics can only lead by a series of "denials seconds, all scores and hypothetical "to the threshold of absolute beyond ... in which it can not enter more than other sciences. She is unable by itself to choose between transcendence and immanence ... The philosophies of transcendence and immanence philosophies, like religions, are doomed to fall into dogmatism often opposed: "Given the history, the immanence in the deifying dedicated, and transcendence J. in the above .

References

See also

• Self-transcendence
• Immanence
• Transcendental Meditation
• Metaphysics
• Importance of the foundation and mtaphyique (encyclical Fides et Ratio of John Paul II , 1998 )
• Theology

Bibliography

For the phenomenology

• Jean-Paul Sartre 's transcendence of the ego , Vincent Coorebyter, Paris, ( ISBN 978-2-7116-1648-0 )

• Philosophy portal
• Portal spirituality

Leave a Reply