Theodosius I
| Theodosius I | |
|---|---|
| Roman Emperor | |
 Currency bearing the image of Theodosius I. | |
| Reign | |
| August 378 - 17 January 395 (~ 17 years) Last ruler of the United Empire ( 392 - 395 ) | |
| Period | Theodosians |
| Predecessor (s) | Valens , Gratian and Valentinian II |
| Co-emperor (s) | Gratian (up 383 ) Valentinian II (until 392 ) and Maxime ( 384 - 388 ) |
| Usurper (s) | Eugene ( 392 - 394 ) |
| Successor (s) | Flavius Honorius (West) Flavius Arcadius (East) |
| Biography | |
| Birth | 11 January 347 - Cauca ( Hispania ) |
| Original Name | Flavius Theodosius |
| Deaths | 17 January 395 (~ 48 years) - Milan ( Italy ) |
| Burial | Constantinople |
| Father | Theodosius the Elder |
| Mother | Thermantia |
| Spouse (s) | (1) Aelia Flacilla (? - 385 ) (2) Aelia Galla ( 385 - 395 ) |
| Descent | (1) Arcadius (of Aelia Flacilla ) (2) Honorius (of Aelia Flacilla ) (3) Pulcheria (of Aelia Flacilla ) (4) Galla Placidia (in Oromo ) |
| List of Roman Emperors | |
Theodosius I, Latin also called born in 347 and died on 17 January 395 , was Roman emperor from 379 to 395. He was the son of Theodosius the Elder.
It was the last to rule over a unified Roman Empire.
Summary |
An aristocratic Spanish family
Theodosius I was probably born on 11 January 347 in Cauca, now Coca , a small town in north-west of the Roman province of Gallaecia. His father, also called Flavius Theodosius who was a military victory of Valentinian I , there were large estates. His paternal grandparents, and Honorius Thermantia were already Christians Nicene Orthodox, like his father and himself. Theodosius had a brother, Honorius, whom he later adopted daughter Serena who was to have a great influence by his marriage with the magister militum Stilicho.
The young Theodosius spent his childhood in his native Spain. It knows almost nothing of his education, except for the interest he shows in history studies and also that it should be very open. Because of its high birth, he probably gets a good education.
A military career
From 368 , it is part of the escort of his father. He began a military career and took part with him in the campaigns in Britain in 368 / 369 , the campaign against the Alemanni in 370 at the Rhine (his father worked from the time function and magister equitum praesentalis was then commander of the cavalry of the army) and against the Sarmatians in 372 / 373 at the Danube.
Probably through the influence of his father, Theodosius was promoted moesiae prima dux , and given command of a military province in the Balkans. This type of appointment at that time was running and the young Theodosius appeared to be completely up to the task. In 373 , his father was finally sent to Africa to quell the rebellion of the usurper Firmus , while her son was beating at 374 the Sarmatians in Pannonia (near the present-day Hungary), after they had crossed the Danube. Thus, it proved its military value. The execution of his father, for reasons unclear, the result temporary disgrace between 375 / 6 and 378.
Emperor
The death of Emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople (378) forced Gratian Emperor Theodosius proclaimed to 379 : he received the East, Macedonia and Dacia.
A stabilization policy boundaries
Theodosius's objective is to stabilize the borders, first with the northern Goths and then the East with the Persians.
A setting of borders in the North
In 380 , with Gratian, he stopped the Goths in Epirus and Dalmatia. Theodosius installed a portion of the Ostrogoths in Pannonia , and settled himself at Constantinople.
Theodosius had enlisted in the Roman army troops of barbarians leaving them an autonomous organization. These Federated prepared the occupation of the Empire by the barbarians.
In 382 , he established the Visigoths in Moesia. This decision, considered by contemporaries to be catastrophic, will be one of the most immediate causes of the end of the Western Roman Empire. Indeed, the insertion of a barbarous people united and strong in the empire, and at the same time in the Imperial Army, will sign the end of a real control of the emperor's armies. But after the disaster at Adrianople under Emperor Valens it is likely that Theodosius had had little choice.
A setting of borders in the East
A strong domestic political
The triumph of the Nicene Christianity
In 380 he issued an edict (called Edict of Thessaloniki ) as follows: "All nations must join in the faith transmitted to the Romans by the Apostle Peter , one that recognized Damasus and Peter of Alexandria , that is ie the Holy Trinity of Father, Son and Holy Spirit. "
The Christianity became the predominant religion. He condemned the Arian heresy in the second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople in 381.
The repression was 7000 to 10,000 deaths, according to the sources, which earned Theodosius to be excommunicated by Bishop Ambrose of Milan. Monetary Reform Between 383 and 388 , he had to face the usurpation of Magnus Maximus Clemens (Maxim) , who after having defeated Gratian had seized the entire prefecture of Gaul and occupied Rome and all Italy at the expense of Valentinian II. Theodosius defeated Maximus who was killed at Aquileia in 388. From 388 to 391 , Theodosius remained in the West, almost always at Milan. In 390 , desiring to end habits that had hitherto prevailed in the ancient world, and impose ascetic morality advocated by the most radical Christians, he published a law which punished with death homosexuals and punish him in the blood barbarian troops riot in Thessaloniki. Between 392 and 394 , he suppressed the usurpation of Eugene , a government official proclaimed emperor after the death of Valentinian II. In 394 , he was the author of the decree banning the Olympics charged with disseminating paganism (the games will not be restored until 1502 years later in Greece). He died shortly afterwards on 17 January 395. At that time, the Empire was reunited for the first time in thirty years, but also for the very last time. From his first marriage to Aelia Flacilla , Theodosius had two son, Arcadius Augustus in 383 , and Honorius in 393. He divided the empire between them: Honorius (10 years) received the West and Arcadius (18) East, and he charged the Vandal Stilicho watch over them both. An ambiguous relationship with the co-emperors
A difficult legacy
Valentinian I
327 - 375 Justine Theodosius the Elder Thermantia Aelia Galla Theodosius I
379 - 395 Aelia Flacilla Honorius Athaulf
king of the Visigoths
411 - 415 Galla Placidia Constantius III
421 
Arcadius
395 - 408 Eudoxia Marie
daughter of Stilicho and Serena Honorius
395 - 423 Thermantia
daughter of Stilicho and Serena Serena Stilicho Theodosius Honoria a href = "Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg" class = "image" title = "Roman Empire"> Valentinian III
419 - 455 Theodosius II
408 - 450 Eudocia Pulcherie Marcian
450 - 457 Marie Eucher Thermantia Licinia Eudoxia Petronius Maximus
455 Genseric
King of the Vandals
427 - 477 Olybrius
472 Galla Placidia the Younger Eudoxia Huneric
King of the Vandals
477 - 484 Anicia Juliana
Areobindus Hildric
King of the Vandals
523-530 Irene
niece of Anastasius I. Olybrius Byzantine imperial family References
Bibliography
Sources
Historiography
Contemporary Works
Scientific articles
See also
Related articles
Preceded by: According to: Followed by: Valens ( 364 - 378 )
Gratian ( 367 - 383 )
Valentinian II ( 375 - 392 ) Theodosius I ( 378 - 395 , only from 392 )
Gratian ( 367 - 383 )
Valentinian II ( 375 - 392 )
Maxime ( 384 - 388 ) Flavius Honorius ( 395 - 423 ) in West
Flavius Arcadius ( 395 - 408 ) in East
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