Synagogue De Wopa
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Wolpe's synagogue was a synagogue of wood known for its beauty . It was destroyed during the invasion of the eastern part of Poland by troops Nazis in 1941.
City Wolpe (alternatively wrote: Wolpe, Volpe, Wolpe, Wolper, or woups Voupa), located about 43 km east of Biaystok and 48 km southeast of Grodno , was part of Poland before the World War II , and is now in Belarus History of the Jewish community Wolpe The region has alternately Wolpe is part of Lithuania , Poland and Russia , and is now part since 1990 in the Republic of Belarus. We know little about the origin of the Jewish community Wolpe. We know that in the sixteenth century, Prince Holshinsky built a church Wolpe and it encourages Jews to settle in town to promote trade and handicrafts. In 1656 , the Swedes invaded the village and set fire to most Jewish homes, but spared the wooden synagogue. In 1781 , the Polish government says the synagogue as Artistic Monument. In the late eighteenth century, the region where is located Wolpe is annexed to the Russian Empire , leaving Jews govern themselves. In the nineteenth century, no line of railway was built from near the village of Wolpe and vegetate, remain primarily agriculture-oriented. The majority of Jews living from growing vegetables, fruit and tobacco on land leased to non-Jews. The others are either traders or artisans. In 1887 , the city's population is 2,027 inhabitants, about 50 percent of Jews. Most of the 25 shops in the city are run by Jews. The community runs a school ( Heder and Talmud Torah ) and two high schools (Bet Midrash). The rabbi follows the tradition Hassidic the rabbi of Mezritch. During World War I, Wolpe is occupied by the Germans and facing a food shortage. After the war, because of discrimination due to a strong anti-Semitism latent among the local population, and high taxes imposed on Jews, their situation is deteriorating sharply. The government nationalized the tobacco cultivation by establishing a monopoly of state, and those living in this culture are forced to convert to other crops. Many Jews decided to emigrate to the United States , the South America or Palestine. The majority of Jews Wolpe in the 1930s were practicing Jews, observing religious rules. Their spiritual leader Rabbi Mordechai Segal. Although the Jewish school is not government funded, most Jewish children in its courses. Some will go to public school after Polish and other Jewish high school in Grodno and Bialystok, neighboring cities. Movements Zionists , such as the Hashomer Hatzair , the Betar or HaChalutz, are well established and send more young people in Palestine. On 17 September 1939 , according to the Nazi-Soviet pact , Russia invaded eastern Poland. The Russians occupy Wolpe, but for Jews, the daily life hardly changed. On 25 June 1941 , three days after the onset of Operation Barbarossa , the Germans bombed Wolpe. Most wooden houses inhabited by Jews, as well as the famous wooden synagogue destroyed by fire. In early July, upon arrival, the Germans enact new laws making the situation more precarious Jewish population. The Jews have no right to repair or rebuild their homes destroyed, and must live in shelters. A Judenrat (Jewish council) is established by the Germans who put his head Fishel Robinson. He is responsible for organizing Jewish life and to prepare the list of workers who will work for the Germans. On 2 November 1942 , Jews were ordered to gather in the village with their belongings. Having left behind their business, they are forced to walk to Wolkowysk , a nearby town, where they are grouped with 2000 other Jews around. Sixty-six elderly and disabled who can not walk, and Rabbi Segal, are brought to the cemetery where they were shot and buried in a mass grave. In December 1942, most Jews gathered at Wolkowysk are transferred to the extermination camp of Treblinka where they were gassed. Among them about 900 people Wolpe. One person, Itzhak Vodovoz, escaped from the car carrying the body to the cemetery and join the partisans in the woods of Soviet Klabaniza, then the Red Army with which it fought at Stalingrad where he received several medals. After the war in 1948, he settled in Israel. Other Jews Wolpe also manage to flee the camps, but are taken up by farmers who deliver them to the Germans. Legend: "One day, a Polish prince was traveling with his son and his son fell seriously ill while they were in the vicinity of Wolpe. The Jews of the town nursed and prayed for his recovery. When it heals, the prince was so pleased he gave a large sum of money to the community, which allowed to build a beautiful synagogue. " Wolpe's synagogue was built in 1643 and renovated in its roof in 1798. It has been only minor changes over time, until its destruction during the German invasion during the Second World War . In 1929 , the building is registered as a monument of Polish Culture . The synagogue was fulfilling a role not only religious but also social for the Jewish community. There was praying, but there also discussed matters concerning the community, were judged guilty, and were taught it was studying the Torah. Polish Jews have developed, during the sixteenth and seventeenth, their method of building their wooden synagogue. Wood is the building material most used in all the villages and small towns, and often the majority of the houses of Jews and non-Jews, and major public buildings and some churches are wooden. Christians are allowed to build their houses of prayer in brick and stone churches in the size of the synagogue were rarely Wolpe Wood. For the largest synagogues, the roofs are multislope with domes multiple galleries, balconies and arches and wooden bimah (altar) of wood in the middle of the synagogue. Wolpe's synagogue, with its dimensions, 20 meters by 24 meters and 24 meters high, was certainly one of the most remarkable of Poland. The main hall measured 13 meters by 12.8 meters, with a vaulted ceiling, described by art historians Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka as "the grandest of all wood ceilings known . The walls of the hall rose to 7.2 meters in height. The arches under the roof at three slopes, amounted to fourteen feet in height. Each level was made of several curved sections shaped timber panels to form an elegant and storied vaulted dome. The arched ceiling was supported by four wooden columns that surrounded the bimah and farms in the roof . Access to the Bimah richly carved, slightly elevated by a wooden staircase. The Ark , located on the east wall, carved wood painted, stood on three levels with an abundance of reasons, colonnades, menorahs , vases, garlands of flowers in bas-reliefs , towers, the Tables of the Law , and an eagle . In the early nineteenth century, the vaulted ceiling was painted dark sapphire, star-studded golden shimmer. The walls were painted in trompe-l'oeil naive to resemble those of conventional masonry buildings . Indeed, the Polish Jewish communities were regularly prevented from building hard . The area reserved for women was on each side of the prayer hall. The synagogue was used every day during the summer because she had no stove. In winter it was open only on Shabbat , and the few people who attended the service, had a hurry, was returning home to keep warm. Moshe Verbina conducted under the direction of architects and researchers Polish Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka, models of the main Polish wooden synagogues destroyed by the Nazis. These models are exposed to ORT Givat Ram College in Jerusalem, Israel. Before World War II
The Second World War
The synagogue
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