Synagogue Buda
The synagogue is a buda Synagogue of buda , Hungary , built in 1820 , prior to attachment of Obuda to Buda and Pest to form Budapest.
Summary |
The first authentic document indicating the presence of Jews in buda in 1349 , but nothing is known about them, and it was not until the eighteenth century to the creation of a community.
The Jews settled in buda, now the III district of Budapest , from 1712, when it is forbidden for Jews to live in Buda . It is also not the only building requisitioned: Cathedral of the Holy Trinity of Sibiu , and many other churches lose their roofs and bells, and sometimes even the crucifix in bronze to participate in the effort war .
In the 1820s , at the time of construction of the synagogue, the community of buda is the largest Jewish community in Hungary .
In 1831 , the death of Rabbi Moses Munz, the community leaves the orthodoxy and adheres to the neologism , a reform movement more moderate than his German counterpart and specific European regions Language Hungarian ", referring to the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam.
In winter 1876 , the flood did not spare the synagogue icy, and the faithful make in flat-bottomed boat to ensure safety Torah scrolls. The water reaches the height of the Ark .
In 1900 , the building is undergoing a major renovation, the interior is taken up by secessionist style , and we took the opportunity to install electricity .
The building will be used by the communist regime first as a textile museum , then as a television studio status. In April 2010, United Jewish Community of Hungary (EMIH) signs a contract with the Hungarian public television for the redemption of the building of the synagogue. The estimated amount of the transaction is 4 million dollars, largely financed by the philanthropist George Rohr . The synagogue was rededicated on Sept. 5 in 2010 , attended by the Chief Rabbi of Israel Yona Metzger and the Deputy Prime Minister of Hungary Zsolt Semjen . The new rabbi , Slomo Kves is a Lubavitcher Hasid.
Architecture
The plans of the synagogue are designed by architect Andreas Landesherr in Empire style French, taking over the old building built in 1731, enlarged it, embellishes and alters her appearance beyond recognition . The work lasted 18 months and end on 20 July 1821 date of his consecration. The cabinet has entrusted Ferenc X Goldring and stucco Jnos, Maurer. The building received a new facade south, a hallway with pillars and a new roof.
The building dimensions are monumental but harmonious relationship: 21 meters wide and 34 meters deep and 13.2 meters in height. The synagogue was built on a basilica plan asymmetric galleries of women are found only on the north and west and not on the south side, but the imposing grandeur of the transept , the huge arch , architecture galleries and the artistic form of Bimah offset the negative effect of asymmetry. The pediment and six columns of the Corinthian order of the faade , gives the appearance of the synagogue a classical temple. The pediment is embellished with carved ornaments and topped the classical tables of the law . It bears an inscription in Hebrew extracted from the First Book of Kings VIII. 38:
On the side walls, two levels of windows arch semicircular, alternating with pilasters classics . It contained up to 28 times in the Torah scrolls belonging to the rich community .
The building of the synagogue is a historical monument in 1957 under reference 15265.
Religious life
Until the Second World War, the synagogue is very active in terms of worship, but the majority of believers will perish in the Holocaust. After the war, the small community of survivors will continue to attend services in the synagogue until 1958, when it is connected to the community of Buda.
Some rabbis famous synagogue:
- Mzes Mnz (1790 to 1831)
- Hirsch Cevi Heller (circa 1838)
- Mrkus Hirsch (1861 to 1880)
- Gyula Klein (1887 to 1895)
- Ills Adler (1896 to 1907)
- Wellesz Gyula (1910 to 1915)
- Ignaz Schreiber (1919 to 1922)
- Jzsef Neumann (1927 to 1957 , after 52 years of interruption.
To find the ancient splendor of the building, extensive interior renovations are scheduled for the coming years.
Notes
- a , b , c , d , e , f , g , h , i and j (in): Carole Hersel Krinsky, Synagogues of Europe, Architecture, History, Meaning , MIT Press, 1985, revised edition: MIT Press, 1986 , ISBN 0486290786 , pages :155-6
- a and b (in): Geza Komoroczy, Viktoria Pusztai, Andrea Strbik and Kinga Frojimovics: Jewish Budapest Monuments, Rites and History; Publisher: Central European University Press, 1999, ISBN 9639116386 , page: 41.
- (en): The First World War: To Arms , by Hew Strachan; Publisher: Oxford University Press 2003, ISBN 0199261911 , page: 1048.
- (en): Arthur James May: The Passing Of The Hapsburg Monarchy, 1914-1918; Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1966, page 336.
- (en): Geza Komoroczy, Viktoria Pusztai, Andrea Strbik and Kinga Frojimovics: Jewish Budapest Monuments, Rites and History; Publisher: Central European University Press, January 1999, page 46.
- (hu): Prof. Rabbi Alfred Schn: The synagogue buda ; Publisher: National Training Seminar rabbinic - Jewish University , 2005
- (hu): Mikls Zsmboki: The Jewish Buda ; architecture; editor: www.hg.hu; July 24, 2009, accessed August 30, 2010
- (hu): Janos Desi: The resurrection of a synagogue ; editor: Npszava, September 4, 2010
- (hu): Textile Museum Site
- (en): COLLive.com ; history of the synagogue and the renovation photos
- John Vidal, Judaism and Israel in Budapest in L'Arche, No. 629, October 2010
- (en): Geza Komoroczy, Viktoria Pusztai, Andrea Strbik and Kinga Frojimovics: Jewish Budapest Monuments, Rites and History; Publisher: Central European University Press, January 1999, pages: 44-5.
- a and b (in): Rachel Wischnitzer: Architecture of the European Synagogue; Publisher: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1964, pages: 180-1
- The First Book of Kings VIII. 38 [1]
- (en): Geza Komoroczy, Viktoria Pusztai, Andrea Strbik and Kinga Frojimovics: Jewish Budapest Monuments, Rites and History; Publisher: Central European University Press, January 1999, pages 45-6.
- (hu) The oldest synagogue in Budapest was reopened ; Publisher: Multi-kor trtnelmi portl
- (In) This article is partially or entirely from the article in English entitled " buda Synagogue "(see the list of authors )
- (Hu) This article is partially or entirely from the article in Hungarian entitled " budai Zsinagga "(see the list of authors )
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