Sultan Al Atrash
| Sultan Pasha al-Atrash | ||
| Head of the Syrian Revolution of 1925-1927 | ||
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| Biography | ||
| Birth | 1891 | |
| Al-Qrayya , Syria | ||
| Deaths | March 26 , 1982 | |
| Al-Qrayya , Syria | ||
Sultan al-Atrash ( one thousand eight hundred ninety-one - 1,982 ) ( ) or more commonly known as Sultan Pasha Al-Atrash ( ) was an important leader Druze who led the Syrian Revolution of 1925 - 1927. He struggled initially against the power Ottoman and French, and finally against the Syrian government Chichakli. This is one of the most important figures in Syria, its role has been crucial to the independence of Syria vis--vis France.
Summary |
Biography
Family
Sultan al-Atrash was born in the small village of Al-Qrayya twenty kilometers south of Sweida in the Jabal al-Druze. Atrash family is a very famous and very important Druze family, who ruled the region since 1879. His father, Zuqan conducted in 1910 , near Al-Kafir, an important battle against the Ottomans, where he faced the forces of Sami Pasha al-Farouq. He was captured and executed in 1911.
Role in the Arab Revolt
After the death of al-Atrash Zuqan Sami Pasha managed to occupy the Jabal al-Druze. During the Balkan wars , it sent hundreds of Druze in combat (among them was Sultan al-Atrash) fight for the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. However, during the First World War , the Ottomans fearing a revolt left the Jabal el Druze in peace. Then qu'Atrach contacts movements pan-Arab and particularly with the forces of Sharif Hussein in Hijaz. When the Arab revolt broke out, he hoisted the flag over the Arab castle Salkhad (en).
When the forces of Emir Feisal reached the city of Aqaba , he sent a thousand men as reinforcements to join them. He joined the revolt with 300 of his men when the troops reached Faisal Bosra. His forces were the first to enter Damascus and raise the 29 September 1918 , the Arab flag. Being a good friend of the Emir Feisal, is made by one general in the Syrian army.
The Syrian kingdom was a kingdom ephemeral, the country was fully occupied by the French after the battle of Maysaloun on July 24 1920. Sultan has gathered his men to fight the French before the fall of the kingdom but his efforts were cut short because of the rapid succession of events. The country was divided into five separate states, was among them the rule of Jebel Druze.
The incident Adham Khanjar
The 7 July 1922 , the French captured Adham Khanjar , a rebel Shiite (brother Mounir Khanjar) who sought refuge with Atrash. Khanjar was accused of attempting to assassinate General Gouraud. A few days later, the Sultan and his men attacked a French convoy, believing Khanjar was inside. The French then set about retaliation, destroying his house, and the outlaw. Sultan had to find refuge in Transjordan , Syria until his return ten months later, after getting amnesty. Adham Khanjar never married and his ancestors are alone and Ibrahim El Khalil Saab.
Shaft of the rest of his family: Son of Khalil Adham, Hussein Ismail, Mounzer, Samir, Hiyam and Nawal Ibrahim Son: Kemel, Ali, Badiaa, manar, Khadija, Sobhiya, Melaka
The Syrian Revolution of 1925-1927
In 1925 , the Druze rebelled against the French power, the conduct of this revolt was led by Atrash. This is one of the largest rebellions against the French power, first because it took place throughout the country, and secondly because for the first time, the Syrians have managed to inflict losses to the French.
Causes
One of the direct reasons of the revolt was the abuse inflicted on the French Druze. But the wrath of the Druze to see their country divided, and the poor conditions prevailing in the country at that time.
Revolution
On 23 August 1925, officially launching Atrash revolution against the French authorities, under his leadership, the revolt broke out in Damascus , Homs and Hama. Atrash has won many battles against the French at the beginning of the revolution. The Battle of Al-Kafir on June 21 , 1925, the Battle of Al-Mazra'aa on August 2 , 1925, and the Battle of Salkhit, of Almsifarh, and Al-Sweida are among its most important victories. Before the rebellion, the French send troops to assist and equip their soldiers with modern weapons. This reinforcement has inflicted the first casualties in Atrash is quickly forced to flee the country east of Jordan. After signing the treaty of independence signed between the French and Syrian authorities in 1937 , he made his return to the country.
Role after the revolution
Atrash has actively participated in the rebellion against the French in 1945 , the rebellion led to the final independence of the country. In 1948 , he made a call for the creation of a unified Arab army for the liberation of Palestine. During the presidency of Adib Chichakli , he was harassed by the authorities because of his opposition to the policy of the government. He again left the country to seek refuge in Jordan in December 1954 , to return to Syria at the fall of President Chichakli. Atrash who supported the idea of Arab unity was favorable to the union between Egypt and Syria, and was strongly opposed to secession led by Kuzbari. It is also known for his contributions to social development Druze mountains.
Popularity of Atrash
Sultan al-Atrash is one of the most popular political leaders in the Arab world and Syria in particular. Atrash is very popular among the Druze that continue even today to celebrate his memory. One of his statues stands in Majdal Shams, and many streets and avenues are named after him today. Allied sheikhs Hamadeh of Lebanon, the Druze sheikhs Akl. Atrash was appreciated for his political views, including secular vision of society "Religion is for God and the nation for all" (the al deen allah wa al watan Al Jamee). President Gamal Abdel Nasser presented the highest honor the United Arab Republic for the role he played in the independence of Syria. In 1970 , President Hafez el-Assad was also honored for his role in the revolution Syrian.
His death
Atrash died on 26 March 1982 of a heart attack more than one million people attended his funeral.
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