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Stephen Baluze

Baluze Stephen, born in Tulle on 24 November 1630 and died in Paris on 20 July 1718 , is an editor, historian , librarian and French jurist.

Stephen Baluze

Stephen Baluze

Birth	24 November 1630 Tulle
Deaths	20 July 1718 (87 years) Paris
Nationality	French
Occupation (s)	Historiographer Librarian Lawyer
Training	Jesuit

Biography

After studying at the Jesuit college in his hometown (the forerunner of today Lyce Edmond-Perrier ), he moved to Toulouse where he was admitted to the College St. Martial, founded in 1359 by Pope Limousin Innocent VI. He continued to study law and quickly inserted in the scholarly circles of the city.

In 1652 , he published his first book, Antifrizonius, where he meticulously critique the work of Pierre Frizon , Gallia purpurata (1638), the history of the French cardinals. In 1656 , he became the secretary of the Archbishop of Toulouse, Pierre de Marca , and moved to Paris.

In 1665 , he supported the Sorbonne nine theses of canon law for the bachelor's degree and is now a doctor of canon law. In 1667 he became librarian to Colbert , who had obtained the previous year gratification Royal 1200 pounds per year. In 1689 , he became professor of canon law at the Royal College of readers.

The activity of scholarly publishing Baluze concerns mainly the fathers of the Church and Latin Christian authors of the Middle Ages (he published the works of Lactantius , Caesarius of Arles , Marseille Salvian , Vincent of Lerins , Lupus of Ferrieres , Agobard , Reginon Prm , Cyprian of Carthage ...) as well as the history of medieval institutions, both civilian (he published an edition that had long authority of the Chapter of the French kings from 742 to 922 years) than religious: it embarks on the publishing of the acts of councils that had been forgotten in the gathering of fathers Labbe and Cossart (published in Paris in 17 volumes 1671-1672), publishes the letters of Pope Innocent III. It complements this work by the publication of various documents, assembled in volumes of "Mixtures" (Miscellaneorum phloem), which he published seven volumes between 1678 and 1715. It also publishes various biographies of medieval popes of the Avignon period (2 volumes, 1693).

In 1695, Cardinal de Bouillon, whom he had met while studying at the Sorbonne in the 1660s, asked him, and Dom Jean Mabillon , the founder of the diplomatic , and Dom Thierry Ruinart , evaluate authenticity of documents of the thirteenth ^century preserved in the monastery of Brioude , which allowed Tower to trace the origins of their family in the ninth ^century by relating the old dukes of Aquitaine. It was not the first attempt by the family of La Tour to be a prestigious pedigree. A number of documents, the authenticity questionable, had already been used in the History of the House of Auvergne published by Christophe Justel in 1645, and Nicolas Chorier , the historian of La Tour du Dauphin, was included in the second volume of his history (1672) a forged deed that bound the La Tour du Dauphin to La Tour d'Auvergne. It is near the Cardinal, a certain Jean de Bar, who organized probably forgeries. The forgers were clever because they managed to fool the three most famous scholars, including Baluze himself, who cited as experts, gave a unanimous favorable report July 23, 1695. But the Cardinal de Bouillon had many enemies and a war of pamphlets, manuscripts, both in print, began. In March 1698 Baluze tried to shape his entire defense, without actually succeed in convincing.

The case then followed two distinct paths. On the one hand, it took the court to counterfeiters, as police had identified. Two years later, in 1700, Jean de Bar and his accomplices were arrested and after a long and thorough investigation he was convicted in 1704. On the other, Baluze did not change much for his opinion, satisfied that the documents were incriminating truths. He knew he was still protected by the relatives of the former clan Colbert, and he felt that his new boss, Cardinal de Bouillon, was hardly challenged. Encouraged and supported financially by it, he began writing a monumental history of the family house of Auvergne, finally published in two volumes in 1708 (Paris, Dezallier), where it inserts among the evidence attached acts that were reported false by royal justice. Following the final provocation of Cardinal de Bouillon, who went abroad in the spring of 1710, fell into disgrace and Baluze Louis XIV banished him from Paris in July 1710 , he could not return in 1713.

In 1717, published in Latin Baluze a very scholarly history of his hometown, Tulle , under the title Historiae libri very Tutelensis. He died July 28, 1718, when he had just completed an edition of the works of St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage (published posthumously will be in 1728), and that he would continue to completion the publication of proceedings of very controversial Council of Constance , who had attempted to impose the superiority of the authority of councils over that of the sovereign pontiff.

A bust of Stephen Baluze, the work of the sculptor Nacera Kanou , was installed in Tulle October 20, 2006 on the platform that bears his name, in the presence of the deputy mayor, Franois Hollande.

In 2007, the Association of Friends of the Museum Courtyard and Old Tulle, chaired by Bernard Zimmermann, created, at the suggestion of the historian Jean Boutier , a European price of local history that bears the name of Stephen Baluze. The first prize Etienne Baluze 29 February 2008 was presented to Tulle by Jean-Pierre Dupont, President of the General Council of the Corrze, and Franois Hollande, deputy mayor of Tulle, the jury, chaired by historian Daniel Roche , a professor in the College of France , awarded the prize to the Italian historian Beatrice Palmero. The second prize was awarded Stephen Baluze Tulle May 12, 2010 in English historian Alison Carol (Cambridge University) for a thesis on socialism in Alsace in the interwar period.

Main publications

Regum Francorum capitularia, (2 volumes, 1677). Reprinted with additions in 1780 by Pierre de La Bastide Chiniac
Conciliorum nova collectio (1683)
Lives of the Popes in Avignon (2 volumes, 1693). Put in the Index.
Genealogical history of the house of Auvergne (2 volumes, 1708)
Miscellanea (7 volumes, 1674-1715). Reprinted with additions in Lucca by Gian Domenico Mansi (4 volumes, 1761).
Tutellensis historia (1717)

He is also several editions of books on church history and the Fathers of the Church.

Bibliography

Gustave Clement-Simon, "The Gaiety of Baluze. Biographical and literary documents, "Bulletin of the Scientific Society, historical and archaeological Corrze, XI, 1888, p. 589-676.
Rene Fage, "The youth of Baluze," Bulletin of the Society of Arts, Sciences and Arts of Corrze, XXXV, 1913, p. 321-346.
William Mollat Article "Baluze, Stephen" in Dictionary of ecclesiastical history and geography, VI, Letouzey and Ane, Paris, 1932, col. 439-452.
Robert Somerville, "Baluziana" Annuarium Conciliorum Historiae, V, 2, 1973, p. 408-423.
Pierre Gasnault "Baluze and manuscripts of the Council of Ephesus" Journal of the National Library, I (2), 1976 71-77.
Petitmengin Pierre, "A controversial monument: the" Saint Cyprian "of Baluze and Dom Maran," Journal of Legal History, V, 1975, p. 97-136.
Heribert Mller, "The Galilean scholarship and the Council of Basel (Baluze, Mabillon, Daguesseau, Iselin, Bignon), Francia, IX, 1981, p. 531-555.
Jean Boutier , "Stephanus Baluzius Tutelensis. Stephen Baluze 1630-1718), a scholar tullois in the France of Louis XIV, Tulle, Editions de la Rue Remembrance, 2007 (contains extensive bibliography of publications of Stephen Baluze).
Baluze Etienne (1634-1718). Erudition and power in classical Europe, edited by Jean Boutier , Limoges, PULIM, 2008 (with an exhaustive bibliography of studies and work on Stephen Baluze at the date of publication of the book).