St. Jean Baptiste
| St. Jean Baptiste | |
|---|---|
 St. Jean Baptiste ( 1513 - 1516 ), by Leonardo da Vinci ( Louvre ). | |
| prophet | |
| Birth | first decade BC |
| Deaths | to 35 AD (? years) |
| Revered by | Catholics , Orthodox and Muslims |
| Day | June 24 (Nativity) August 29 (dead) |
| Servant of God Venerable Happy St. | |
John the Baptist, St. John the Baptist and Yohanan, character of New Testament , was a preacher in Palestine at the time of Jesus of Nazareth. The life of John the Baptist is known throughout the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. The Jewish historian Flavius Josephus also tells the career of this character but much more briefly .
Religion Mandaean makes its major prophet.
Muslim tradition gives the name of Yahya and made a prophet of Islam descendant of 'Imran.
The Gospel according to Luke is the only one talking about the birth of John the Baptist:
"But the angel said: Fear not, Zacharias : for thy prayer is heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and thou shalt call his name John. Thou shalt have joy and gladness, and many will rejoice at his birth. Because it will be great before the Lord. He shall drink no wine nor strong drink, and be filled with the Holy Spirit from the womb of his mother, he will turn many of the son of Israel to the Lord their God, and he shall go before God with the spirit and power Elijah, to turn the hearts of fathers to the children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous, to prepare unto the Lord a people prepared. (...) "The eighth day they came to circumcise the child, and they called him Zacharias, after the name of his father. But his mother spoke up and said, "No, it will be called John" . "
He was the son of the priest Zechariah and Elizabeth , a cousin of Mary , the mother of Jesus. Like that of Jesus , the birth of John is announced to Zechariah by the archangel Gabriel , who told her that her unborn son, John, will be filled with the Holy Spirit and have the power of Elijah.
Career Service
John lived a life of asceticism "hidden in the desert, eating frugally of" locusts and wild honey "(Matthew III: 4), and practicing the fast. The description is the gospel of John's life is that of a nazir . In year 27 , he settled on the banks of the Jordan , where he began to practice "baptism of repentance for the remission of sins" by immersion in water prophesied by Isaiah. Flavius Josephus states in turn that he claimed that baptism by washing the sins of their souls, but only the bodies of those who had their souls purified beforehand by righteousness.
John gathered around him many disciples, announcing the coming of the Messiah: "I baptize you with water, to bring you to repentance, but it comes stronger than me, and I'm not worthy carry his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire "(Matthew III: 11).
According to Matthew (III :13-17), Jesus came to see John to be baptized too. Jean said: "It was I who needed to be baptized by you," and Jesus replied: "Never mind now, because it is convenient for us to fulfill all righteousness. "So John baptized Jesus and it is out of the water that it receives the Holy Spirit as a dove, but God heard from heaven a statement in favor of Jesus," My Son beloved, in whom I am well pleased. "
Jean Baptiste then asked his disciples to follow Jesus.
Death of John the Baptist
Shortly after, the wrath of Herod Antipas , Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea , fell upon Jean, who reproached him for his marriage with the wife ( Herodias ) of his half-brother Herod Philip.
According to Marc (VI :14-29), Herod, exasperated, arrested John and 'the link is in jail. " His wife Herodias wanted to kill John but Herod protected him because he "knew for a just and holy man" and "listened with pleasure."
However, during the party given for her birthday, Salome , the daughter of Herodias, danced as the governor and his guests were captivated, and he said: "Ask me whatever you want ... What you ask me, I'll give, if only half of my kingdom. "Salome asked her mother to the head of John the Baptist presented on a platter. Herod, saddened, however, sent a guard John beheaded in his prison, place his head on a platter and present it to Salome, who offered it to her mother Herodias.
Nothing in this story is historically impossible, but it is isolated, has the features of a popular legend and is unknown to the historian Flavius Josephus who says his side just as Herod Antipas feared that the prophet uses the hold he had on the population to grow to revolt, and that it was at Machaerus he was executed after being incarcerated.
The disciples of John the Baptist
The preaching of John the Baptist had gained some popularity. About seven years after his death in 36 , a defeat inflicted by King Herod Antipas Arab Aretas was interpreted by people as a divine punishment for the execution of this prophet. However we have little information about the fate of his disciples after his death. During his incarceration, we see some of them question the preaching of Jesus. Around 51 a dozen of his followers are reported to Ephesus in the province Asian proconsul. This community has risen to Christianity but has not received Christian baptism, which is now given by Paul of Tarsus. It is possible that some Jewish communities Baptists claiming to have survived him some time, however, the authors believe that the most recent surviving Mandaean communities currently in Iraq and Iran were not attached to his face that late to escape Muslim persecution.
John the Baptist in Christian theology and liturgy
The four Gospels cite, concerning John the Baptist, the prophecy of Isaiah (Is 40, 3) "The voice of one crying in the wilderness: make straight the way of the Lord."
As it is the latest prophet who prepared and announced the coming of Christ, John the Baptist has a very special place in Christianity, which is called the Forerunner, that is to say the herald announcing the arrival Messiah's imminent. Luke was also an echo of a tradition that John and Jesus were cousins and born six months apart.
At the time of Jesus, Jewish tradition was expected that the Messiah is preceded by the return of the prophet Elijah mysteriously raised to heaven in a chariot of fire (2R 2, 16). In the Gospel of John (Jn 1, 19-34), Jean Baptiste denies being Elijah. In the Gospels of Mark (Mk 9: 9-13) and Matthew (Mt 17, 9-13), Jesus is considered as the precursor announced under the figure of Elijah, "I tell you: Elias is already come and they treated their own way. "
The Church thus celebrates its nativity , both East and West, six months before Christmas , on June 24 , when the summer solstice (see Feast of St. John ) is an exception to the tradition of celebrating the holy day of their death , . Among the many rituals that are associated with this festival, some seem to come directly from the former major holidays Celtic Summer Solstice, when the night was deemed supernatural, and ceremonial fires. The practice of fires of St. John remains very much alive in many towns and villages in the western world.
His death is commemorated on August 29 in both the East and West: its Beheading (or decapitation). It also celebrates several anniversaries of the invention (discovery) of his head (his head).
The feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist is also the National Day of French Canadians since 1834 during the creation of the Socit Saint-Jean-Baptiste. John the Baptist was declared patron saint of French Canadians in 1908 by Pope Pius X. In 1977 , the feast of St. John became the national holiday of Quebec , including Quebecers of all origins. The feast of St. Jean-Baptiste is also an important festival Masonic worldwide.
Relic
Many churches have thought all or part of the head of John the Baptist, for example, with regard to France, including Saint-Jean d'Angely and Notre-Dame d'Amiens , it would also be kept in the Great Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.
The body of the prophet, meanwhile, would be under the north wall of the Great Church of Alexandria, discovered in 1976 during excavations for building foundations to restore the church. The workers then found a crypt. The manuscripts of the Middle Ages called Homliaires with tradition said the saint's presence: Following the homily on St. John the Baptist, it is said that "his body is in the great church of St. Macarius in the north wall." The monks were accustomed to make incense at Mass before the north wall in honor of Jean Baptiste who was buried .
Major churches
- Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Jerusalem
- St John the Baptist of Coventry
- San Giovanni Battista di Cesena ( Cathedral )
- San Giovanni Battista di Rimini ( Cathedral )
- San Giovanni Battista di Torino ( Cathedral )
- Saint-Jean-Baptiste of Audresselles (Pas-de-Calais)
- Saint-Jean-Baptiste Kamie Pomorski (cathedral)
- For the cathedrals of the same name, see: Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
- Buildings also named Baptistery of St. John
John the Baptist in the Quran
The Koran speaks of John the Baptist, who is called Yahya in Arabic, the Book of St. Muslims describes John the Baptist as a prophet of Allah sent to his people.
Here's the relevant passage (Surah 19: Mary, verses 2 to 15):
- 2. It is a story of mercy from your Lord to His servant Zachariah.
- 3. He cried to his Lord in a secret prayer,
- 4. and said: "O my Lord, my bones are weakened and my head of white hair caught fire. . "
- 8. And The Mandaeans, Baptists of Iran and Iraq
The community that formed around John the Baptist, a religion is born ultraminoritaire who recognizes him as only a prophet and considers Jesus Christ, then Mohammed , as usurpers. This religion is obliged to live near rivers in order to baptize the faithful. This is partly because of the peculiarity that it remained confidential, and it survives only in some regions of Iran and Iraq. According to some recent authors, however, the Gnostic religion and Baptist have no real connection with John the Baptist but was later attached to that character to survive.
In art
Main article: Performance of St. John the Baptist.
St. John the Baptist, by Hans Memling ( 1470 ).
St. John the Baptist, by Guido Reni ( 1635 - 1640 ).
St. John the Baptist, by Agnolo Bronzino ( 1553 ).
St. John the Baptist, by Caravaggio ( 1597 - 1598 ).
St. John the Baptist, by Sandro Botticelli (c. 1490 ).
St. Jean Baptiste now left in the Virgin and Child , of Mantegna (1490-1506).
St. John the Baptist, by Paolo Veronese (middle of XVI century ).
The Madonna of the Goldfinch (with the Child Jesus and St. John Baptist) by Raphael ( 1507 ).
Click on a thumbnail to enlarge In sculpture
Statue of the XV century , Church of Chateauneuf-en-Auxois (Cte-d'Or, France).
Statue by Donatello , Siena Cathedral (Italy).
At the foot of the Column of the Holy Trinity in Olomouc (Czech Republic).
References
- Jewish Antiquities XVIII, 5.2. Jewish Antiquities
- Jean-Baptiste lie is it?
- Luke 1. 13-60
- Cf Luke I, 13-15.
- Mt1, 3, Mk 1: 1-8, Luke 3, 1-18, Jn 1, 19-34. The quotations are in the Septuagint.
- " Nativity of John the Baptist , on catholique.org.
- Augustine of Hippo , St. Augustine's Complete Works, Vol. 20, Louis Vives, Paris, 1873, sermon CXCVI, p. 326: "The Nativity of John the Baptist is the only church that solemnized next to the anniversary of the thrice sacred birth of our Lord. For other saints, for other elected of God, we have learned to celebrate the day when life presents the child to eternal joy, after the consummation of their task, their victory and triumph on the world's end who devoted their glorious merits we are celebrating them. "
- was found in the crypt all relics of the great church of Alexandria, according to Marc Jeanson, "The Light of the Desert (DVD).
- According to Pierre Lory , "there is probably an echo of the Gospel of Luke ( a href = "http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language=fr&version=2; 32 & pass =% 201% 3A59 LUKE-64" class = "external text" rel = "nofollow"> Lk 1. 59-64) "and it brings the Koranic name of John Yahya, the root h. Y. Y. meaning life, Dictionary of the Qur'an, ed. Robert Laffont, 2007, p. 435 ..
See also
Related articles
- Saint-Jean-Baptiste
- Apostles
- Council of Mainz (813)
- Quebec's national holiday
- San Juan Bautista , a galleon Japanese the seventeenth century named in his honor
- List of Catholic saints
- List of saints of the Orthodox Church
- William Marrion Branham
- Order of Malta : patron saint of the order.
- Mandaeans
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