St.
The saints are men, women or angels distinguished in various religious traditions of their special relationship with the divine and elevated spiritual.
The impact of a saint often exceeds the space of his own religion, when its influence appears to be universal moral: it is the case, for example, Gandhi's spiritual leader from India or Francis of Assisi Catholic saint large and, to some extent, all founders of great religions.
Most religions of India have gladly trends syncretistic , that is not the case with the three Western monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) where holiness is conceived as part of a sacramental community or belonging. The Sunni and Protestantism even refuse the concept of saint, the worship and dulia brought to human beings. This does not, however, branches Sufi heterodox and Shia have developed in the margins of official Islam and scholar, a fervent worship at the tombs of saints.
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Ancient Judaism
The Old Testament uses the Hebrew term "qodesh" which originally meant "separated" and by extension "pure" (free of mistakes, smudges). The Greek word meaning hagios resumed in the writings of the New Testament Talmudic Judaism Definition domain of Talmudic Judaism The use of call "holy" certain personalities copies did not exist in all Christian churches. Protestantism does not allow this practice. Christian saints fall into four categories according to the rules, local or papal canonization and in their churches that recognize them as saints and spend a liturgical office: Concisely, the "sanctity" is expressed as the desire and vocation of every man to join Christ in a state known as " communion. " This, according to the Gospel , an action impossible for human beings but not God and that is through the cooperation of human beings to divine action in the world. The "holy" is the person who succeeds in this vicinity. Throughout the Old Testament, we find, as in Judaism , the assertion that only God is holy. However, by baptism and subsequent adoption as sons, Christians are called to shareholders and holiness, which is a universal vocation. The apostle Paul speaks of the saints to describe Christians in a particular city . In this sense, holiness expresses the state of communion with God in the Church by baptism. The saints are strictly those like the "Good Thief" to whom Christ said: "Today thou shalt be with me in Paradise "came to the eternal bliss, contemplate God in Heaven and intercede for the people humans on earth. Among the dead were known and revered saints such as the martyrs (the Greek word meaning "witness") (their "baptism" Bloody erased all sin) and apostles (chosen by Christ). Other saints, as some ascetics , will be revered later. Thus, from the earliest days of Christianity, the faithful are called to holiness, and may be worthy of veneration posthumously, both men and women, philosophers such as simple-minded, whatever their social status, slave or aristocrat (see St. Druon , St. Gerlac or Benedict Joseph Labre at XVIII ), which is a radical innovation . Moreover, it is not until the invention of the procedure for canonization in the thirteenth century , the hierarchy decided to holiness, but the vox populi. This is based on the purity of the saint, and the search for an absolute through faith. This research may lead to absolute martyrdom , to die or endure torture for not abandoning his faith, martyrdom is, until our time, a privileged access to holiness. Gradually, the notion of holy expanded, and many local dignitaries in the early Church and among the newly Christianized have acquired the reputation of sanctity. Today, the official recognition of sainthood through inclusion in the calendar of the Church called " martyrs. " For Catholics , saints are "the church triumphant" and intercede with God for the men here on earth (Church militant) and the dead in purgatory (Church suffering) is the communion saints. All these saints, who may not have been officially recognized as such here on earth, are celebrated throughout the day of the Saints. The Feast of All Saints, celebrated on November 1, means, among Catholics that, beyond the limited number of persons canonized, that is to say which is said without ambiguity holiness and worship that can be addressed Many Christians, even non-Christians in the strict sense (eg Abraham , Moses , David , Job ), reached the ideal Christian communion with God. The Saints entered the martyrology Roman are those for which the Catholic Church declares to be sure they are in Paradise. They are therefore subject to public worship (like the Orthodox Church) said cult dulia (from Greek , the servant) which opposes the cult latria (Greek , service due to God) which is due only to God. In the case of Mary, Mother of Jesus , an exception is allowed, which is called hyperdulia and that manifests itself in the sites of occurrence. The cult of dulia takes two forms, the veneration and invocation. The latter is evidenced by the intercession. At each Eucharistic Liturgy , immediately after the consecration, the priest raises the holy gifts dedicated to the assistance of the faithful and announce, "the holy gifts are for the saints! "And the faithful or the protest singers," One is holy, one is Lord, Jesus Christ, to the glory of God the Father. " Holiness, according to the Orthodox, is a participation in the life of Christ and the saints are called and only insofar as they are Christophor, that is to say sufficiently humble and obedient in the person of Christ to faithfully represent his image and be an icon. The Orthodox Church ignores the concept of "blessed", the word is equivalent to a saint. It also ignores the canonization or the minimum number of miracles required to be declared a saint. When the veneration of the memory of a deceased person spread among the faithful, the Church synod meets concerned about the primate (Archbishop or Patriarch) and explores the issue of the sanctity of the individual. It often happens that some icons have been painted in his memory. The holiness of the person in question is then proclaimed the same time that defines one (or several) day (s) of liturgical celebration, and what made a Troparion (hymn in honor of the new saint) and an Office Complete. The gun then elaborated iconography of the saint gradually. In the Orthodox calendar, the day dedicated to the memory of all saints is the first Sunday after Pentecost. Protestantism is distinguished from the rest of Christianity, including its rejection of the cult of saints (and their relics). The Holy Bible says every person has accepted Jesus' blood shed on the cross as a necessary and sufficient to erase his sins , because all are sinners before God (cf. Hebrews 10.29 and Romans 3.10-18 ). This sense of the word as a synonym for a Christian saint is most common in Protestantism. This confession stresses the affirmation of salvation to God's initiative alone ( sola gratia , sola fide , "grace alone, faith alone ..."), which implies that "only God knows those who belong". Thus, Protestants who abstain from declaring particular saint, as far as the design of the afterlife is very variable depending not only names but also by individuals. In classical Protestantism, commonly called holy characters of New Testament , without this giving rise to any religion, because for all Protestant worship is due to God alone ( Soli Deo Gloria , "to God alone the glory "). Traditionally, many Protestant countries have retained as patron saint who is considered to have played the biggest role in their evangelism: St. Bridget of Sweden, Saint Olav, Norway, etc.. According to the doctrine of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , be holy, in the early Church meant agreeing to live the Gospel taught by Jesus Christ , to follow his example and by baptism , becoming a member of the Church he had established. Its members, known as Mormons, are called saints for the same reason. To distinguish them from members of the original church, they are called Latter-day Saints. No worship of saints and prophets of relics is practiced. Being holy is not synonymous with perfection or value judgments from God. The Sunni rejects any religion other than one addressed to God. It speaks of idolaters to designate those who associate it with idols, material or human, for a sin called shirk. Thus, the cult of saints "is banned in Sunni Islam. However, this does not not recognize the sanctity of some people is employed in some cases the honorary title of hazrat, in particular to designate the prophets. The Sunni knows no hierarchy. There is no way of holiness, properly speaking, declared by an authority of religion, but rather a recognition by the believers of the sanctity of a man , . However, some African countries, including North Africa , sometimes practiced "some" cult of saints, named locally marabouts. Forms of Sufism rather unorthodox, whose tariqa is widespread in all Muslim communities, known as the "wali", a word always translated as "saint" in French literature, although the meaning of "wali" is often synonymous with "Guide to God" or "master." The Shia also recognizes the holy tomb and gives rise to pilgrimages. The term "holy" does not exist in Buddhism. Thus, the designation (relatively new) in Tibetan Buddhism the Dalai Lama as "His Holiness" is a convenience store in Western vocabulary (this term may appear more serious than a temporal leader of "Monk" "bhikshu Buddha," typically adopt Tenzin Gyatso in his writings). The correct term is "Arya" ( Sanskrit ) that is often translated as "noble", which means all entered the Buddhist path. Those who have obtained through their efforts a "realization" metaphysics belong to one of four types of noble beings , according to the level they have achieved and the number of links they have broken: sotapanna, sakadagamin, Anagamin and arhat the latter being the only one who has "achieved" the Nirvana , the Absolute. In this framework, the bodhisattva is not strictly speaking be "noble" because he has not broken (deliberately) links, but the quality of his awakening, however, may be ranked among the Aryans, according the Mahyna. Christianity
In Christianity Catholic
Genesis in Catholicism
Evolution and transformation of the concept
Role of the saints in Catholic faith
In the Orthodox Church
In Protestantism
Mormonism
Islam
Sunni
Sufism and Shiism
Hinduism
Buddhism
References
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Servant of God Venerable Blessed Holy
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