Somaliland
| |||||
 | |||||
| Administration | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political Status | Secession from Somalia in 1991 Unrecognized | ||||
| Capital | Hargeisa | ||||
| Government - Chairman | Republic Mr. Ahmed Mahamoud Silanyo | ||||
| Geography | |||||
| Area | 137 600 km 2 | ||||
| Demography | |||||
| Population (2004) | ~ 3.5 million inhabitants. | ||||
| Density | ~ 25 inhabitants / km 2 | ||||
| Language (s) | Somali , Arabic , English | ||||
| Economy | |||||
| Currency | Somaliland shilling | ||||
| Other | |||||
| Time Zone | UTC 3 | ||||
| Calling code | 252 | ||||
Somaliland, in the long form Republic of Somaliland, Somali and in Arabic and in English and is a former territory British north-western Somalia in the Horn of Africa. May 18 1991 , northern clans have declared independence of the administrative regions of Awdal , Togdheer , Sanaag , Saaxil , Sool and Woqooyi Galbeed.
These regions are located between Ethiopia , Djibouti and the Gulf of Aden , an area of approximately 137 600 km. The population is estimated at 3.5 million inhabitants, the Issak clan form the majority and Gadaboursi, the Issas and the Darod are minority clans. The capital of Somaliland is Hargeisa with a population of about 400,000 inhabitants.
Although this country is not recognized by any government, it remains politically stable, with a balance of clan rules, democratization and economic infrastructure left behind by British, Russian and American military assistance programs.
Summary |
History of Somaliland
Prehistory
In 2002, French archaeologists have found cave paintings at Las Geel near Hargeisa. The presence of these prehistoric sites has prompted the authorities to preserve this heritage and let the world know.
Modern History
On August 3, 1940 (or 4 according to other sources), about 40,000 Italians invaded British Somaliland under the command of General Guglielmo Nasi .
Formerly protectorate of British Somaliland , he united in 1960, nine days after gaining independence, with Italian Somaliland to form Somalia , while more than thirty states have officially recognized. Prime Minister of British Somaliland, Mohamed Ibrahim Egal , became a minister in the new republic of Somalia. He became prime minister in 1967 but a coup overthrew him in 1969. In 1991 an uprising occurred in the former territory of British Somaliland (Somaliland), particularly because of the killing, looting of all kinds and all types of people the bombing of Hargeisa by the force of the army of Air Plan Mohammed Siad Barre , which has claimed more than fifty thousand deaths (mostly women and elderly population in Hargeisa). The massacres they suffered from the regime have resulted in the formation of a Somali national movement composed mainly of Somaliland Diaspora. This caused the disappearance of government in Somalia. Egal was elected president in 1993, he was reelected in 1998 and remained in power until his death May 3, 2002. The Vice-President Dahir Riyale Kahin was declared the new president shortly thereafter. Today Somaliland is a state not recognized by the international community. It is particularly resented in the region ... except by Ethiopia , Somaliland, which uses the port of Berbera as a secondary outlet to the sea, in addition to Djibouti. Somaliland is also plagued by sporadic conflict that opposes, on its eastern border, the semi-autonomous region of Punt.
On 26 June 2010 , Ahmed Silanyo is elected president, and succeeds democratically Riyale Kahin one month later .
Regions
The 6 regions of Somalia, Somaliland component are:
Major cities
Major cities or historical sites of Somaliland are:
- Hargeysa
- Burao
- Berbera
- Borama
- Saylac
- Ceerigabo
- Laascaanood
- Faraweyne
- Arabsiyo
- Gabiley
- Las Anod
- Alaybaday
Economy
The export of livestock is very important to the economy of Somaliland. The port of Berbera is also used for exports from Ethiopia because Ethiopia no longer has the port rythreen of Assab.
Somaliland has considerable mineral wealth and oil, all operated by Invicta Capital .
References
- a , b , c , d , e and f Anthony Mockler, Haile Selassie's War: The Italian-Ethiopian Campaign, 1935-1941, p. 241-249.
- Compton Mackenzie, Eastern Epic, p. 23.
- Gerard Prunier, 'Somaliland, an African exception, " Le Monde Diplomatique , October 2010, p. 6
- Intelligence Online n 552 of August 24, 2007
See also
Bibliography
- (In) Mark Bradbury, Somaliland Becoming, Progressio, London, James Currey, Oxford, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Ind.. , Indianapolis, Ind.., 2008, 271 p.
- (In) Ioan M. Lewis, Understanding Somalia and Somaliland: Culture, History, Society, Hurst & Company, London, 2008, 139 p. ( ISBN 978-1-85065-898-6 )
- (En) Desloire Constance, "Somaliland. The country that does not exist ", Jeune Afrique , No. 2575, from 16 to 22 May 2010, p. 40 (interview with Kahin Dahir Riyale )
External link
| Current |  Somali Republic  Somaliland Galmudug  Maakhir  Puntland |
| Veterans |  Meridio-western Somalia  Union of Islamic Courts  Jubaland |
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