Sodalitium Pianum
The Firs in Latin ) is the name given to a network of French Intelligence from the Vatican , established by MonsignorUmberto Benigni in 1909 , during the pontificate of Pius X (1903-1914). The Latin name, Sodalitium Pianum (that is to say, "Pie Company"), referred to St. Pius V. This secret network, studied by the historian Emile Poulat History In response to the modernist crisis besetting the Catholic Church , the Pope Pius X published in 1907 the encyclical Pascendi Dominici Gregis and apostolic constitution Lamentabili Exitu Sane , who condemned this move as' heresy. To verify adherence to these decisions, MonsignorUmberto Benigni , priest and professor of religious history, collaborator of Cardinal Merry del Val to the Secretary of State, took the initiative to publish a newsletter, The Correspondence Rome, around which he organized, through personal relations, an informal network of correspondents who were involved in the Sodalitium pianum (SP). Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val took his distance from its activities and prevented him from obtaining a canonical recognition . In 1911, Monsignor Benigni is replaced by Eugenio Pacelli he remains close before taking some distance from 1912 . The group had about fifty members, mostly in Europe, especially Italy and France, where its relationship with the French action have been studied . After 1909 he became interested in Germany, the Christian trade unionism and Catholic works . Monsignor Benigni also directs its action against the Society of Jesus and the Corrispondenza Romana (1907), later The Correspondence of Rome (1909 ) precludes the Civilt Cattolica , the journal of the Jesuits. According to Emile Poulat, this hostility to the current Jesuit is constitutive of fundamentalism . The influence of the network declined after 1914 with the election of Benedict XV , who nevertheless do not disavowed. He waited until 1921 to officially disband, due to "changed circumstances . For his part, Monsignor Benigni, known for his anti-Semitism , then turned to fascism. However, according to the testimony of Yves Congar op , the network continued its activity until 1946. The Firs she was responsible for overseeing the Catholics, lay or religious (including cardinals), suspected of sympathy with modernist ideas or to show support for the separation of church and state (secularism), M gr Benigni with the mission to denounce the Holy Office ? According to the testimony of Cardinal Pietro Gasparri , Pope Pius X approved of this network and supported him financially, personally encouraging what historian Yves-Marie Hilaire described as a system of " combisme ecclesiastical " . However, regarding the actions of its members E. Poulat said: "If they were arguing hard, there is no evidence that the SP had behaved like an agency of denunciation, but it is assumed that all victims of the pontificate - they were numerous and sometimes famous - had been denounced by other routes . " In 1915, the Pine Forest papers were seized in Belgium by German invaders who wanted to use them against France. In 1921, Fernand Sulpician Mourret , had access to photographs that reproduced them. He wrote a memoir that when circulating in the mantle, obtained the dissolution of the SP and served as the main source of all publications on the Pine Forest, many more polemical than historical writings. The issue has been completely renewed with the publication in 1969 of the papers by E. Catholicism and Fundamentalism Poulat in full, A secret international network, the "Pine Forest" (1909-1921) '. Origin
Influence
A controversial history
Members of Sodalitium
References
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