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Sigismond Ier Du Saint Empire

Sigismund, king of Bohemia and Hungary, Holy Roman Emperor by Albrecht Drer

Sigismund of Luxembourg ( 14 February 1368 in Nuremberg - 9 December 1437 to Znaim), Holy Roman Emperor from 1410 until his death.

Son of Emperor Charles IV and his fourth wife, Elizabeth of Pomerania, he is the third (and last) Holy Roman Emperor of the dynasty of Luxembourg.

First wife, he married Mary, Queen of Hungary , on 15 November 1385 which brought him a dowry crown Hungary. Mary dies without leaving a child in 1395. In 1408 , he married Barbara de Cilley (v.1390-1451), a Slovenian nobleman who gave him a daughter, Elizabeth (1409-1442) who married Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor.

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Margrave of Brandenburg , from 1378 and until 1388 , when he passes the title to his cousin Jobst of Moravia , then the death of Jobst in 1411 until 1415 when he passes the Brandenburg to Friedrich of Hohenzollern , Burgrave of Nuremberg , marking the beginning of the rise of the Hohenzollern.
King of Hungary, crowned on 31 March 1387 , thanks to his marriage with Mary in 1385 , until his death in 1437, after the murder of the pretender to the throne of Naples Charles III by Elizabeth of Bosnia. He leads a crusade against the Ottoman Turks in 1396 but was routed at the Battle of Nicopolis. When Sabor Krizevci bloody "in 1397, he massacred after his unexpected return from crusade, several Croatian nobles who were hostile to avenge their betrayal. The Croats had, in fact, elected Ladislaus of Naples as his successor on the throne of Hungary and Croatia.
elected King of the Romans ( 1410 ) on the death of Robert ^I, Holy Roman Emperor. He is competing in this election with his half-brother Wenceslaus ^I. who never accepted his evidence by the Electors , ten years ago and with his cousin Jobst of Moravia, who was elected in a parallel election but dies few months later, after which Wenceslas resigned to recognize as the only undisputed Emperor Sigismund. He will be crowned Roman Emperor in 1433.
King of Bohemia from 1419, following the death of his half-brother Wenceslaus Sigismund for what constituted the greatest challenge of his life since, following the death at the stake of Jan Hus and the Czech revolt began the Hussite Wars which will last nearly 15 years. It was not until 1437, the year of his death, Sigismund was accepted by most Czech factions.
Duke of Luxembourg from 1419, a legacy of Wenceslas
King of the Lombards from 25 November 1431

The crisis of Christianity

To end the Great Schism , Sigismund gets the pontiff's call in 1414 the Council of Constance , which lasted until 1418.

The council condemned as heretical the reformer Jan Hus to be burned at the stake in July 1415 despite a safe conduct granted by Sigismund. Rector of Prague University, he acknowledged as the source of the belief that the only Scriptures of the Old Testament and the Gospels. This act will eventually have serious consequences on the reign of Sigismund as it will uplift the kingdom of Bohemia. The movement Hussite that mixes religious fervor and nationalism, was also the prelude to the Protestant Reformation in the next century that will break the unity of the Church.

The Synod tabled the three popes. Gregory XII resigned to abdicate, John XXIII was deposed after being imprisoned on the orders of the emperor and Benedict XIII, who refuses to submit to take refuge in Catalonia where prolonged the Great Schism by electing two successors fictitious because each elected by a single cardinal.

Finally, on 17 November 1417 the conclave is extended to the Holy See Cardinal Oddone Colonna Rome under the name Martin V (1417-1431).

It is also at this Council that a cardinal, correcting the Latin of the emperor, found himself responding "I am the King of the Romans and above the laws of grammar" (Ego sum rex Romanus and super grammaticum.)

Chronology

Emperor ^Sigismund
by Pisanello (1433)

In 1378 - 1 388 : Margrave of Brandenburg
1387 became King of Hungary on March 31
1392 First Crusade against the Ottoman Turks
1394 conquest of Dalmatia and shipping Moldova
1395 crusade against the Ottoman Turks at Nicopolis
1396 flight following the Battle of Nicopolis
1397 Imperial Diet in Timisoara
1401 being held hostage at the castle of Sikls
1408 expedition to Bosnia
1408 overhaul of the Order of the Dragon
1,414 - one thousand four hundred and eighteen Council of Constance
1416 rige duchy in the county of Savoy
One thousand four hundred and nineteen - 1,436 crusades against the Hussites
1424 discussion in Hungary with the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaeologus
1429 signing of the peace for three years with the Turks
1430 Imperial Diet in Straubing
One thousand four hundred thirty-three - one thousand four hundred thirty-seven Imperial Diet in Basel
1434 draft reform of the Empire
1436 entry in Prague
1437 Imperial Diet in Cheb , discussion on the reform of the Empire

Genealogy

Sigismund's ancestors in three generations
Sigismund	Father Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor	Paternal grandfather John ^I of Bohemia	Paternal Great Grandfather Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
			Paternal grandmother Margaret of Brabant
		Paternal grandmother Elizabeth of Bohemia	Great-paternal Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
			Great-paternal grandmother Judith of Habsburg
	Mother Elizabeth of Pomerania	Maternal grandfather Bogislaw V	Great-grand-father Wartislaw IV
			Great-maternal grandmother Elizabeth Lindau-Ruppin
		Maternal grandmother Elizabeth of Poland	Great-grand-father Casimir III of Poland
			Great-maternal grandmother Aldona of Lithuania

Sources

Joseph Calmette , The German Reich in the Middle Ages, Editions Payot, Paris, 1951.
Francis Dvornik, The Slavs history, civilization from antiquity to the early modern era, Editions du Seuil, Paris, 1970.
Jrg K. Hoensch, History of Bohemia, Editions Payot, Paris, 1995 ( ISBN 2228889229 )
Pavel Belina, Petr and Ji Pokorn Corneja, History of the Czech lands, Editions du Seuil, coll. "Points History U 191, Paris, 1995 ( ISBN 2020208105 )