Shulchan Aruch
The Shulchan Aruch ( in Hebrew ) is a compilation of all laws set forth by the Talmud , and the views and comments of the great legalists and policymakers who have examined. It was written by Rabbi Yosef Karo , traditionally called the Mehaber (the compiler).
Shulchan Aruch literally means "set table", alluding to the table of Shabbat and the Torah , all the laws are set up before you. The book compiles all Halachot (laws) and is divided into four parts.
This book marks the end of the era of Rishonim : indeed, their efforts to identify and determine applications, exceptions, restrictions etc.. rules and laws scattered throughout the Talmud and explain its meaning in order to better understand (as did Rashi , the Tosafists and their followers in general). The Shulchan Aruch is the culmination of this work. Consequently, commentators of the Talmud after this work will Aharonim (last).
The Halacha is the bare minimum of thought and observance of Judaism. The Shulchan Aruch is thus one of the most essential books read today.
Summary |
Rav Yosef Karo was mainly referred to the Mishna Torah of Rambam (the Code of Maimonides ), the Tower , the Rosh , and Sefer Ha-halachot the Rif. He has based his Halachot decisions and laws of the Elders Spaniards. Rabbi Moshe Isserles (Rama, 1525-1572) wrote a book in which he quotes in chronological order laws determined by Rabbi Yosef Karo in the Shulchan Aruch. This book is called HaMappa, and also gives the annotations of Rama. He founded his Halachot him, decisions and laws of the Sages Europeans. All the laws given by Rama Shulchan Aruch related to any Halakhka and who is not given by the Rama is accepted by the Jews Sephardim and Ashkenazim. The Shulchan Aruch was printed in regular characters of Rama and annotations are scattered in Rashi letters.
Its Structure
The Shulhan Arukh, like its precursor, the is built on the model of the Arbaa Turim. There are four books, subdivided into chapters and paragraphs:
- Orach Chayim - laws of prayer and the synagogue on Shabbat , festivals and various blessings;
- Yore Dea - laws on ritual slaughter and kashrut , the laws of Niddah as well as religious conversion);
- Even Haeze - laws on marriage, divorce and related issues;
- Hoshen Mishpat - laws on finance, Financial Responsibilities, injuries (personal and financial), the rules of the Beth Din (court), and the laws of witnesses.
The Bet Yosef
His Comments
Explanation of books and critics have also been written on the Shulchan Aruch. In annotations in the text, they are called Nossei Haklim "
- Beer HaGola - Rabbi Moshe Rivke Amsterdam has noted the sources of the Shulchan Aruch.
- Bi'ur Hagras - Eliyaou Rabbi of Vilna , revealed sources Halakhic Shulchan Arukh's.
- Meirat Einayim - Rabbi Yeoshoua Folk HaCohen of Levov, corrections of errors and compromise differences of opinion between the author and the
- Siftei Cohen (Shah) - Rabbi Meir Ben HaCohen of Vilna (1621-1662), completed the
- Helkat Mehokek - Rabbi Moshe Lima (1605-1655), a debate based on sources.
- Beit Shmuel - Rabbi Shmuel ben Uri Shraga Faivel rabbi, debate based on sources.
- Tourei Zahav (Taz) and - Rabbi Shmuel David Halevi (1586-1667), compared with later halakhic laws of the Shulchan Aruch and those extracted halachic decisions.
- Brouri Mishna - Rabbi Israel Meir Hacohen monumental work on the first part of Shoulhan 'Arukh. This book is now considered the benchmark of Halacha.
Trivia
In 2005, the Shulchan Aruch has been at the heart of a controversy in Russia , where it was argued that it would contain passages hate against non-Jews. [ref. necessary]
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