Shalom Abramovich
Mendele Mokher Sforim ( Yiddish : "Mendele the book peddler" in Hebrew , Mendele Mokher Sefarim) is the pseudonym of Sholem Yakov Abramovich, an author Jew and one of the founders of modern literature in Yiddish and Hebrew. He was born on 2 January 1836 and died on 8 December 1917.
Summary |
Youth
Mendele was born into a poor family Kopyl near Minsk, then in Russia (now the capital of Belarus ) and lost his father, Chaim Moyshe Broyde, shortly after his Bar Mitzvah. He studied in a yeshiva in Slutsk and Vilnius until the age of 17 years, during which time it is updated with the internal system of Teg-Essen (eat every day in a different house), eating leftovers, and often hungry.
Afterwards, Mendele travels extensively in Belarus, Ukraine and Lithuania along with a coarse beggar named Avreml Khromoy (Russian: "Avreml the lame" Avreml later became an inspiration for the main character Fishke der Krum, Fishke lame).
In 1854 , moved to Mendele Kamianets-Podilskyi , where he met the writer and poet Avrom Ber Gotlober , who helps teach the secular culture, the philosophy , the literature , the history , the Russian and other languages.
First works
Mendele's first article, "Letter on Education," published in 1857 in the first newspaper in Hebrew, Hamagid. His mentor, Gotlober had submitted the article for the newspaper Mendele without prior notice to Mendele. At Berdichev , Ukraine, where he lives 1858 to 1869 , he began publishing novels in both Hebrew and Yiddish. Having offended the local authorities with its satire , he left Berdichev to teach as rabbi to the rabbinical school of Zhytomyr , subsidized by the government and relatively liberal theological perspective. It remains in this city of 1869 to 1881 , then moved to Odessa , where he became head of a traditional school (Talmud Torah). He will live in Odessa from 1881 until his death in 1917.
Grandfather of Yiddish literature
Mendele originally written in Hebrew, inventing many words in that language, but later he moved to Yiddish in order to increase its audience. As Sholom Aleichem , he uses a pseudonym, thinking that the use of the vernacular of ghettos , Yiddish, is not suited for serious literary work, an idea that will do much to dispel. His writings bear the mark of the highly Haskalah. He is considered by many as the "grandfather of Yiddish literature" style both Hebrew and Yiddish has greatly influenced several generations of writers.
Although the history of journalism in Yiddish is a bit older than that in Hebrew, Kol Mevasser, it supports from the beginning and where he published his first story in Yiddish, Dos Kleine Menshele "(" The little man ") in 1863 , is generally considered the first permanent newspaper and the largest in Yiddish.
Ideology and latest works
Sol Liptzin writes that in his first stories in Yiddish, Mendele "would be useful to his people rather than win literary laurels." Books in French
- Travels of Benjamin III, Circe (June 19, 1998), Circe collection Poche, ISBN 2842420497 , ISBN 978-2842420499
- Fishke the Lame, Cerf (April 3, 1996), ISBN: 9782204053099
References
- (In) This article is partly or entirely from the article in English entitled " Mendele Moche Sforim "(see the list of authors )
- (In) Jewish Encyclopedia: Abramowitsch, Solomon (Shalom) Jacob
- (In) Liptzin, Sol, A History of Yiddish literature, Jonathan David Publishers, Middle Village, NY, 1972, ISBN 0-8246-0124-6 , especially 40-45.
Internal Links
External Links
(In) Mendele , a newsletter in English mainly about language and Yiddish culture.
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