Seventh Century

See also: List of centuries , Roman numerals

The ^seventh century begins on January ¹ 601 and ends on 31 December 700.

• In the Middle East , beginning of Islam.
• Battle of Yarmuk , which opens the Syria-Palestine and the troops of the Caliph ( 636 )
• Taken at the Egypt by the troops of Amr ibn al-As (Battle of Heliopolis : 640 )
• Muawiya I first Caliph Umayyad governor of Syria ( 641 )
• Birth of Shiism and kharidjisme
• Death of Ali ( 661 )
• Early raids in Africa ( Chad ) Governor Oqba ibn Nafi ( 665 )
• Early Muslim raids against the Sicilian Byzantine ( 666 or 669 )
• Foundation of Kairouan ( 670 )
• Conquest of Rhodes and Crete ( 672 - 674 )
• Uprising Berber led by Koceila , death of ibn Nafi Oqba in Biskra ( 683 )
• Arabization of the Caliphate administration ( 685)
• Erection of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem ( 685 - 691 )
• Revolt of the Kharijites ( 684 - 692 )
• Conquest of Byzantine Africa and the Maghreb ( 693 - 698 )
• Diya (called the Kahena ), a queen Berber of the confederation Djerawa in the Aures , pushing the Arab ( 695 )
• Final fall of Carthage ( 698 )
• Foundation of the arsenal of Tunis ( 698 )

America

• Tombs and burial mounds in the Mississippi Valley.
• Apogee of civilization Maya (600-900).
• Civilization of El Tajin in Veracruz, Mexico.
• Civilization Huari (600-1000) in the highlands of Peru. Warlike civilization, it puts an end to regional cultures of Peru, paving the period Inca.
• Arauquinode cultural tradition in the lower Orinoco and Guyana (c. 600 - 1200 ) Black Africa
  • The foundation of the kingdom Songhai to Koukia and the beginning of the dynasty of Za. A State which later became the largest empire experienced by the Africa.
  • Old Ghana Empire , the first "state" known in West Africa.
  • Sorghum in Zambia and Zimbabwe.
  • From the ^seventh to the ^thirteenth century , the Arabs in a large number of trading posts along the African coast of the Indian Ocean, Mogadishu , Kismayu , Malindi , Mombasa , the islands of Pemba and Zanzibar , Kilwa , Sofala ... They take up also in the islands of Comoros and have relations with Madagascar. In exchange for fabrics and beads, they get in ivory and gold of Zimbabwe , of ambergris and a large number of slaves they sell in Asia.

  Central Asia

  • Turkish federation of nine tribes "Tokuz Oghuz" in the south and east of Lake Baikal.

  India

  • The Bhutan converted to Buddhism.
  • Decline of Buddhism in India.
  • Kumarila Hindu philosopher's life, a relentless enemy of Buddhism, Mimamsa commentator.
  • Image of dancers practicing the dance Odissi in Orissa temples on Bhbanevar at Puri and Konark the ^seventh to the ^fourteenth century.

  Far East

  • The Tibet is unified by Songtsen Gampo and his minister Thonmi Sambhota created writing Tibetan.
  • China , expansion in the Tang Dynasty.
  • The Pyu people settled in Burma in the Central Valley.
  • In Korea , extension of the kingdom of Silla , which unifies the peninsula to its advantage and ended the period of Three Kingdoms.
  • Diocese and community of Christians Nestorians to Barus in the North Island of Indonesia from Sumatra.

  Western Europe

  • Construction of the city of Brussels.
  • War between Neustria and Austrasia ( 677 - 687 )
  • Battle of Tertry and reunification of the two halves of the Frankish kingdom with the victory of Pepin of Herstal , mayor of the palace alone now ( 687 )
  • Establishment of a principality of Aquitaine independent under the Duke of Gascony Loup I ( 673 - 676 )
  • The Basques invaded Novempopulania , future Biscay (end ^VI , early ^VII).
  • Iron Age Germanic Newest Scandinavia (600-800).
  • The Syers (svear), browsers, dominate the savor of south Sweden. A theocratic kingdom with its capital consists Uppsala. The flourishing business center is to Birka, on an island in Lake Mlaren, which gradually supplanted Helgo from 800.
  • Yngling dynasty in Sweden claims descent of the god Freyr. The kings of Vestfold in Norway belong to this dynasty in ^the ninth century.
  • Clearings in Sweden (Names in-rud,-Ryd,-rod or-red), location of villages, development of tools (hatchet iron mouldboard, plgr, which replaces the plow).
  • In Ireland , the first journal is compiled.

  Eastern Europe

  • Slovaks ( Slavic ) settled in Slovakia. Croats, from the Carpathians, in Croatia. Serbs from eastern Galicia, in Serbia. The Slovenes in Slovenia , in Carniola and Styria (c. 602 - 610 ).

  Significant Figures

  • Muhammad ( Mecca , v. 570 - Medina , 632 )
  • Saint Cuthbert (AC 634 , 687 ), monk and bishop English
  • Caedmon, English poet,
  • Pepin of Landen , mayor of the palace of Austrasia
  • Brahmagupta , Indian mathematician,
  • Heraclius (AC 575 , 641 ), Byzantine emperor,
  • Abu Bakr ( 573 , 634 ), the first caliph of Islam,
  • Omar ibn al-Khattab ( 581 , 644 ), second caliph of Islam,
  • Uthman bin Affan , third caliph of Islam,
  • Tang Taizong ( 599 - 649 ), Chinese emperor.

  Inventions, discoveries, introductions

  • Technical innovations in agriculture in Gaul :
    • Wheeled plow,
    • Harness
    • Scourge
    • Harrow
    • Year rotation.

  They spread slowly until the year one thousand.

  • Fireworks in China.
  • A game with the ball ( Kemari ) spreads in Japan .

  Art and culture

  • Emergence of narrative prose in Ireland transcribing traditional Celtic epics to the late seventh ^century: the Ulster Cycle , with its hero Cchulainn , the cycle of Finn , that evokes the tradition of Celtic brotherhood of warriors hunters.
  • In Scandinavia, the animal ornamentation tends to emerge from the Roman influence to get closer to eastern styles (art "Scythian" or art of the steppes ) and had to learn the Goths in southern Russia and widely disseminated.
  • Construction begins in present Tunisia , the Great Mosque of Kairouan (c. 670) considered one of the great masterpieces of art and Islamic architecture .

  References

  1. Research on the Archaeology of the west coast of Guyana
  2. Eric Faure traditional festivals in Kyoto: a journey into the traditions of ancient Japan Editions L'Harmattan, 2003 ( ISBN 2747554511 and 9782747554510 )
  3. (en) Foundation of the Great Mosque of Kairouan (site of the Mosque in Kairouan Okba Ibn Nafaa)
  4. (en) Great Mosque of Kairouan (Kairouan. org)
  • Portal History
  • Portal of the High Middle Ages

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