Second Triumvirate
After the assassination of Julius Caesar to the Ides of March 44 BC. AD , civil war resumed in Rome.
The second Triumvirato ferato (see first triumvirate ) is a political alliance uniting Marc Antony , consul of the year -44 and former lieutenant of Caesar, Lepidus , a former master of the horse of Caesar and Octavian , the future Emperor Augustus , nephew and adopted son Julius Caesar. This agreement is sealed to 5 years in Bologna on November 11 -43 at the initiative of Antony and Lepidus. It represents the union of the political heirs of Caesar against the Roman Senate and Republicans, supporters of the murderous dictator.
During this interview the three men divided the government of the provinces and legions. Octave monopolizes the Africa , the Sicily and Sardinia in over 20 legions. Antoine receive the hairy Gaul , the Gaul Cisalpine and 20 legions and eventually Lepidus has a stranglehold on the Narbonne Gaul and Iberian provinces and three legions
Unlike the first triumvirate was an agreement to remain secret, the second is formalized by a law, the lex Titia , passed by Comitia Roman November 13 -43. This law provides for five years of power ( Imperium ) with exceptional triumvirate (the right to appoint judges, make law, to command the legions ...).
The triumvirate of the Republicans are victorious at the Battle of Philippi in -42. Marc Anthony is granted the power over the provinces of the East. In -41 - -40 , tensions between Octavian and Mark Antony's brother caused the war of Perugia , allowing Octavian to take over the Gauls. Nevertheless, the triumvirate are allies because they still have to get rid of Sextus Pompey , who still holds in Sicily.
In -37 , the triumvirate that has expired officially renewed for a period of five years.
After removal of Sextus Pompey and the sidelining of Lepidus in -36 , the triumvirate expires in -32 and nobody wants him back.
Anthony lived in Egypt , where he had married the queen, Cleopatra , before placing on the throne by Julius Caesar himself. The latter wanted to destroy Rome and make of Alexandria, the capital of the Mediterranean world.
Octave, very cleverly, then landed a defender of Roman civilization against the ambitions of the Queen. The war broke out between the two rivals in -32. Octavian prevailed easily -31. during the battle of Actium. Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide: Egypt was annexed in -32. When Octavian returned to Rome, he was granted the title of Augustus, hitherto reserved for gods, and was sacred to -27. As a sign of peace, Augustus had to close the doors of the temple of Janus. The reign of Augustus ( 27 BC. - 14 AD. ) marks the end of the Republic and early Empire.
References
See also
- See detailed chronology in the history of the Roman Republic
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