Sargon Ii
Sargon II or is king of Assyria from 722 until 705 (av. AD), year of his death. He is the brother and successor of Shalmaneser V. Finally, he is the founder of the dynasty Sargonids. His name Sharru-kin, meaning "the king (is) stable / fair" rather than "legitimate king" as we tend to say.
Summary |
Conquests
His accession to the throne was contested by Merodach Baladan-II : it took him twelve years to quell the rebellion.
He annexed the Kingdom of Israel and deported its population. He crushes the rebellion of the Syrian provinces (Arpad, Damascus, Hamath), which are backed by Egypt , to Qarqar and Raffia. In 717 , he filed the Hittite king of Carchemish : the city becomes an Assyrian colony.
A major campaign against Urartu was launched in 714 , the eighth campaign of Sargon II : Sargon has written a detailed account that is currently kept at the Louvre. Archaeologists have also discovered hundreds of letters dealing with the preparation of this war. Finally, fortresses Urartians are not taken: Sargon's troops leave the country for the winter, ending the campaign. However, the invasion has allowed them to accumulate an enormous booty.
The Cilicia is the next step of the Assyrian troops, in 713 : the conquest Sargon allows to expand his kingdom until Halys. It punishes, in 711 , the uprising led by Egypt kingdoms of Philistia , Ashdod, Judah, Moab and Edom. Gath and Ashdod are both attached to the Assyrian empire.
A year later, the Babylonians welcomed as a liberator Sargon: he became king of Babylon , taking the hand of Bel.
The border with Elam is strengthened and Phrygia , the Dilmun and Cyprus swear allegiance to him.
Sargon died campaigning in the Taurus Mountains.
The organization of the kingdom
Sargon improves administration and institutions inherited the kingdom of Tiglath-Pileser III. He withdraws defeated enemies and installs Assyrian communities in the conquered provinces.
Agriculture is also progressing under his reign, with big technical advances (irrigation systems, building reservoirs and canals).
Commerce is expanding with new markets conquered.
Sargon built the library of Nineveh and its capital based Dur-Sharrukin (locality modern Khorsabad ) in 717.
Related articles
Bibliography
- Khorsabad, capital of Sargon II, The Records of Archaeology , Occasional Paper 4, 1994
- A. Caubet, Khorsabad, the palace of Sargon II, king of Assyria, Paris, 1995
- (In) S. Parpola, The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I, Letters from Assyria and the West, SAA 1, Helsinki, 1997
- (In) GB Lanfranchi and S. Parpola, The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II, Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces, SAA 5, 1990
- (En) A. Fuchs and S. Parpola, The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part III, Letters from Babylonia and the Eastern Provinces, SAA 15, Helsinki, 2001
- (In) M. Dietricht, The Babylonian Correspondence of Sargon II and Sennacherib, PAC 17, Helsinki, 2003
 | Kings of Assyria | ||
| Preceded by Shalmaneser V | Sargon II 722 - 705 BC. AD | Followed by Sennacherib | |
 | Rulers of Babylon | ||
| Preceded by Merodach Baladan-II | Sargon II 710 - 705 BC. AD | Followed by Sennacherib | |
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