Salvador Dali

Born May 11, 1904 in Figueras Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dal of the son of Felipa Domnech Ferris (1874-1921) and Salvador Dal y Cusi (1872-1950), notary. His childhood was divided between Figueras , Barcelona and Cadaques where his father owns a house. This region Empurdan have a major influence on his pictorial inspiration throughout his life. It comes less than a year after the death (by infectious gastroenteritis) of a first son (born October 12, 1901 and died on 1 August 1903), also named Salvador

The interest of the young Dal painting begins very early, it is further underpinned by the attendance of a family of Catalan artists, the Pitchot, which resulted in Ramon Pichot (1872-1925), Impressionist painter .

In 1917, he studied drawing of Professor Juan Nuez at the Escuela Municipal de Grabado. In early May 1918, he exhibited at the Municipal Theater of Figueres several paintings that are noticed by two famous critics: Carlos Costa and Puig Pujades .

In 1921, he joined the School of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Madrid. That period student an opportunity to bond with Federico Garca Lorca and Luis Bunuel. Relationships with his teachers and his classmates (he despises as he later wrote) are heated. After several escapades (including an arrest in 1923 for anarchism) it is finally expelled from school in 1926 after a final challenge (he refuses to answer the question of a teacher, saying he had nothing to teach him ).

Her younger sister Anna-Maria he often serves as a model at the time, often putting back in front of a window .

Salvador Dal and Man Ray in Paris in 1934 , photo by Carl Van Vechten , photographer U.S.

A first trip to Paris in 1926 is an opportunity to meet Picasso that will never cease to admire. That same year, Miro comes to visit him in Cadaques .

In 1929, Dal returned to Paris to co-directed Un Chien Andalou with his friend Luis Bunuel , and then fell out with him after the Golden Age. But it was during the crucial meeting with the Surrealist group: Tristan Tzara , Louis Aragon , Andr Breton , Paul Eluard ... That summer, a group of Surrealists visited him in Cadaques , Paul Eluard is accompanied by his wife Helen ( Gala ) . It is a thunderbolt, Dal and Gala together ever since. In December, because of his affair with a married woman and the legend of an engraving misinterpreted by her family, Salvador Dal blurs deeply with her father and her sister Anna-Maria .

In 1930, unable to move because of Cadaques same paternal hostility, Dal and Gala bought a tiny fisherman's cottage a few miles from Cadaqus, in the sea in the small cove of Port Lligat . Over the years and his fortune, he will continue to increase his property, where the landscape on the small creek to become a permanent pictorial reference in the work of the painter.

The first months were difficult, however, his paintings are selling well and they saw little. But the last few lean years, and the painter became famous. In Paris, he attended the dinner as worldly as Surrealist circles

Dal and Gala land for the first time in New York in 1934 (It's Picasso who paid him his trip ). Americans are captivated by the eccentric character and a bold surrealism while they hardly knew. In December 1934 in Paris , after a memorable meeting, Dal is excluded from the surrealist movement by Andre Breton , who criticized him against his ideas Revolutionaries.

In 1936, Dal was in Catalonia when he has to flee his country in civil war. He cries Garcia Lorca who has no chance, killed at Granada August 18, 1936.

With his friend Stefan Zweig in 1938, Dal met in London Sigmund Freud long he admires and whose work inspired his own pictorial research on dreams and the unconscious .

In 1939, Dal left Paris for New York where he remained during the war years in Europe. It fits perfectly with the high society of New York, painted many portraits of wealthy Americans, actively participates in the theatrical life with large murals, made his first jewelry, and turned to film, especially the Marx Brothers at Walt Disney , in Alfred Hitchcock .

In 1948, Dal finally returns to his home in Port Lligat , who would become his principal residence until Gala's death in 1982. He now divides his time between his creative periods in Port Lligat media and life in Paris, Rome or New York. Over the years 50 and 60, it depicts the character they know, eccentric troublemaker and inescapable Parisian life and media.

In 1969, Dal buy and renovate the castle Pbol in the Catalan countryside. Less exposed to the public that Port Lligat, it will be the castle of refuge Gala.

Salvador Dali in 1972

The Dal Theatre-Museum in Figueres opened September 28, 1974.

In 1982, the King of Spain appointed him Marquis of Dal Pbol.

On June 10, 1982 Gala died in the house Portlligat. Deeply affected by the death of his muse, Dal will not return to Port Lligat. He first lived in Pbol, where he painted his last painting, The Dovetail, but there is a victim of the fire in his bedroom in 1984 in which he was badly burned. He ended his days in the apartment at Torre Galatea, adjacent to the Theatre-Museum in Figueres , and died in hospital in Figueras January 23, 1989 ^{His work}

The pictorial

The turbulent character has sometimes forget the important work of the painter. Dal was a painter, however meticulous and relentless, her paintings extensively designing and realizing he wanted to carefully close to its classical masters, Raphael and Vermeer.

Influences

More than any other, the Italian Renaissance was a reference to Dal permanent and indispensable. If he considered himself the best artist of his time, he recognized that his drawings "are worth almost nothing" against the great masters of the Renaissance . Admirer of Leonardo da Vinci (in which he finds the roots of his method paranoacritique ), he carried a long Raphael at the pinnacle, proclaiming he was the only contemporary able to understand . Towards the end of his life, the characters of Michelangelo took a considerable part in his paintings. He also had his whole life for Velasquez boundless admiration . Vermeer was another lighthouse, which he long sought to imitate art, and sometimes he succeeded .

It undergoes very young impressionist influence by proximity to family whose Pichot Ramon Pichot (1872-1925), Impressionist painter was one of the first Impressionist Catalan . He admired Renoir but hated Cezanne ("the worst French painter" ).

It never ceased to praise Meissonier ("a real nightingale brush" ), which he mocked the lack of technical genius but whose incredibly meticulous impressed. Picasso was a sort of big brother who made him welcome when he arrived in Paris. Dal sought all his life to confront him, only contemporary artist whose genius he recognized at least equal to its own .

Early paintings

Early paintings show a real talent preserved early at the age of 6 years . His early portraits of his family were in Cadaques already amazing pictorial force, including Impressionism. Playing on the subject, he mixed a long gravel to painting (Old twilight, 1918). During his time at the Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid, he regretted the lack of formal training . Then begins an era of diverse influences, the young like a sponge soaking Dali various techniques: pointillism (Nude in a Landscape, 1922), cubism (Cubist Self-Portrait, 1923, Barcelona Mannequin, 1927), Picasso (Venus and Marine, 1925) ...

Surrealism

The decisive encounter with surrealism releases its extraordinary creative power. It is influenced by Rene Magritte , but quickly acquired a first clean (Honey is sweeter than blood, 1926; Cenicitas, 1928). His work will now be filled with personal references, often encrypted, it reuses at will as the haunting figure of the Great Masturbator he uses many times in 1929 (Portrait of Paul Eluard, 1929 The Great Masturbator, 1929)

The method paranoacritique

The theme of the double image or multiple moves rapidly from the 30s, it will remain attached for most of his career. The eye sees great to Dali in a benign image, another image he uses as a support for the troubled reality and meaning of the canvas, The Invisible Man (1929) is the first example. Until the end of his career, he will hold to play with the eye of the beholder (Fifty images abstract views of 2 yards change into three masked Lenin Chinese views and 6 yards to appear at the top of Royal Tiger , The Bullfighter hallucinogen , Gala looking the Mediterranean Sea which at twenty meters becomes a portrait of Abraham Lincoln - Homage to Rothko)

The Post-War

Reduces the number of works but still passes his winters Dal in Port Lligat often paint a great work per year and other less ambitious canvases. This is the time of the Madonna of Port Lligat (1950), Christ of Saint John of the Cross (1951), Corpus Hypercubus (1954), La Tuna Fishing (1967) and The Bullfighter hallucinogen (1970).

The three-dimensionality

Discovery Station at Perpignan, Dal is passionate about the end of his career to paint images double the stereoscopic effect. These works are difficult to reproduce, they are very numerous in the Dal Museum (Athens burns!).

Technique

Dali claimed a technique very classic, sticking to the oil painting for almost all of his painting. The work is almost always very careful with preparatory drawings very neat and meticulous execution, often under the microscope . Some tiny pieces reflect a true talent as a miniaturist (First Portrait of Gala, Portrait of Gala with Two Lamb Chops Balanced on the shoulder)

Chronological list of major paintings

Salvador Dal painted 1640 paintings mainly oils on canvas. The titles and dates are from the work of Gilles and Robert Descharnes Neret .

• 1918:
  • Old twilight
• 1919:
  • Self-portrait in the studio
• 1920:
  • Portrait of cellist Ricardo Pichot
• 1921:
  • Selfportrait neck Raphaelesque
• 1922:
  • Nude in a landscape
• 1923:
  • The sick child - self-portrait
  • Cubist Self Portrait
• 1924:
  • Portrait of my sister and character opposite Picasso
  • Portrait of Luis Bunuel
• 1925:
  • Character in a window (Anna Maria)
  • Portrait of my father
  • Venus and a sailor
• 1926:
  • Girl back (Anna Maria)
  • Reclining Woman
  • Breadbasket
• 1927:
  • The Barcelona Model
  • Honey is sweeter than blood
  • Breadbasket
• 1928:
  • Cenicitas
  • The rotten ass
• 1929:
  • Portrait of Paul Eluard
  • Lugubrious Game
  • The Great Masturbator
  • The Enigma of Desire: my mother, my mother, my mother
  • The Invisible Man
• 1930
  • Sleeper, horse, lion invisible, published in the first issue of " Surrealism in the service of revolution, "July, Muse National d'Art Moderne, Centre Pompidou, Metz
• 1931
  • Old Age of William Tell
  • First Portrait of Gala
  • Fireworks ", oil on tin embossed, 40 x 65.5 cm, private collection
  • Partial Hallucination - Six apparitions of Lenin on a Piano
  • Persistence of Memory (The Soft Watches)
  • 1932:
  • Meditations on the harp
  • Birth of Liquid pleasures
  • Fried eggs, not fried
• 1933
  • The Phenomenon of Ecstasy, photo-collage, first published in the journal Minotaur ^No. 3-4, Gala-Salvador Dal Foundation
  • The ghost wagon
  • Anthropomorphic Bread
  • Gala and the Angelus of Millet Preceding the Arrival of conical anamorphosis
  • Portrait of Gala with Two Lamb Chops Balanced on the shoulder
  • The Enigma of William Tell
  • The Angelus of Millet's Architectonic
• 1934
  • The specter of sex appeal
  • Atavistic Vestiges After the Rain
• 1935
  • The rider's death
  • The Face of Mae West that can be used as apartment
• 1936:
  • The great paranoid
  • Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War
  • Anthropomorphic Cabinet
• 1937
  • Giraffes on fire
  • Swans reflected in elephants
  • Metamorphosis of Narcissus
  • Sleep
• 1938
  • Spain
  • The Endless Enigma, 114.3 x 146.5 cm, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, Madrid
• 1939
  • The Enigma of Hitler
  • Shirley Temple , the youngest superstar of the cinema of his time, mixed media on panel, 75 x 100 cm
• 1940
  • Family centaurs marsupials
  • Slave Market with the appearance of the bust invisible Voltaire
  • Old age, adolescence, childhood
• 1941
  • Soft Self-Portrait with Fried Bacon
• 1943
  • Geopolitical child watches the birth of the new man
  • Poetry of America - The Cosmic Athletes
• 1944
  • Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening
• 1945
  • Galarina
  • Basket of Bread - Rather than death defilement
  • Portrait of Isabel Styler-Tas (Melancholy) ", oil on canvas, 65.5 x 86 cm Gala-Salvador Dal
• 1946
  • Giant Flying Demi-cup with annex inexplicable five meters in length
  • The Temptation of Saint Anthony
• 1947
  • Portrait of Picasso
• 1948
  • Elephants
• 1949
  • Leda Atomica
  • The Madonna of Port Lligat version 1
• 1950
  • The Madonna of Port Lligat version 2
• 1951
  • Raphaelesque head exploded
  • Christ of Saint John of the Cross
• 1952
  • Assumpta corpuscularia lapislazulina
  • Galatea of the Spheres
• 1954
  • Corpus Hypercubus
  • Dal bare contemplation before five regular bodies metamorphosed into particles, which appears suddenly in the face by Leda chromosomatise Gala
  • Young Virgin Auto-Sodomized by Her Own Chastity
• 1955
  • Paranoiac-critical study of Vermeer's Lacemaker
  • The Last Supper
• 1956
  • Still life alive
• 1958
  • Rose Meditative
• 1959
  • The discovery of America by Christopher Columbus
• 1962
  • Self-portrait with the appearance of macrophotographic Gala Spanish nun
  • The Battle of Tetuan
• 1963
  • Fifty images abstract views of 2 yards change into three masked Lenin Chinese views and 6 yards to appear at the top of Royal Tiger
  • Portrait of My Dead Brother
• 1965
  • The Apotheosis of the Dollar
  • Gare de Perpignan
• 1967
  • Tuna fisheries
• 1970
  • The Bullfighter hallucinogen
• 1975
  • Gala looking the Mediterranean Sea which at twenty meters becomes a portrait of Abraham Lincoln - Homage to Rothko
• 1980
  • Athens burns!
• 1982
  • Pieta
  • The three puzzles glorious Gala
• 1983
  • Dovetail

Sculpture

Salvador Dal tells a child, he made a sculpture of Venus de Milo because she was on her pencil box: it was his first attempt at sculpture .

From the 1930s , Dal tries in the third dimension with Surrealist objects. It creates objects with a symbolic function Retrospective Bust of a Woman - Bust: bread and ink by assembling a fad millinery painted porcelain with various other salvage (1933). In 1936, Marcel Duchamp and Salvador Dali work together to achieve the Venus de Milo with Drawers.

The sculpture will remain long in the creation anecdotal Dali, despite rare exceptions (Bust Rhinocerotic of Vermeer's Lacemaker, 1955). It will be up to the creation in three dimensions in the 1960s and especially 1970 with the creation of the Teatre-Museu Gala Salvador Dal : Bust of Dante (1964), chair of vulture wings (1960), Lilith - Homage to Raymond Roussel (1966 ), Napoleon's funeral mask that can be used to cover a rhinoceros (1970).

Homage to Newton (1969)

From this period dates the production of bronze sculptures made from his most famous paintings such as The Persistence of Memory, the Profile of Time, The Nobility of Time, Venus giraffe, The hallucinogenic Toreador, The Venus Space Alice in Wonderland, the Elephant show space with extreme force of the expressive power of its iconographic images surreal.

The Espace Dali presents the collection includes over fifteen original sculptures giving this show its status as the largest collection in France.

Jewelry

Dal made his first jewelry after the war in New York: The Eye of Time (1949), Ruby Lips (1950), The Royal Heart (1953).

Architecture

House Dal Portlligat

In 1939 , for the Universal Exhibition, he created the Dream of Venus pavilion. It was a surreal fairground attraction, with among others, Venus struck down by the fever of love on a bed of red satin, sirens and giraffes. In this house, the fact remains that the memory, some forty photos of Eric Schaal , an eight-minute film, and the fabulous quadriptych to soft watches, preserved in Japan.

The painter of Surrealism was an art of living. At Port Lligat , he decorated his house in his own way, "a prince of kitsch, irony and derision." Its library is intentionally inaccessible, with rows of books located at the top of the wall so that nobody can reach them. In the axis of the phallic swimming pool, a temple with a large altar table, where he receives protection from the sun and his friends. The bottom of the pool, the phallic shape, is covered with sea urchins, it is a command from the master sculptor Caesar who made a casting of polyester for "walking on the sea urchins as Christ walked on waters ". The patio is shaped like a silhouette of a woman drawn from Millet's Angelus. The sofa is made by a cast lips of Mae West. The wall, called "Pirelli wall is decorated with large advertisements for tires.

In early 1970, the Theatre-Museum in Figueres is finally clear. Dal takes to heart the concept of this museum built in his honor: "I want my museum to be a single block, a labyrinth, a great surrealist object. It will be a theatrical museum. Visitors will leave with the feeling of having had a theatrical dream. " .

Literature

Dal's writings form an important body which is published in its entirety in Spanish. He wrote at least since adolescence, poetry, some literary texts and newspaper that was recently published

He has published numerous texts that expose his ideas, his conception of the painting and give biographical information of great interest to understand the genesis of some of his paintings.

Yes outlines his theoretical views in two major texts: The revolution paranoiac-critical and scientific Archangel

Two autobiographical texts remain the most famous author, written in a very personal style:

• The Secret Life of Salvador Dali which gives the most interesting biographical details including his childhood, his problematic relationship with his father and acquired the belief from childhood that he was a genius.

• Diary of a Genius covering the years 1952 to 1963.

Dal wrote during the war, a single novel Hidden Faces . He depicts the French aristocracy during that war, including the passionate love of two characters, the Duke of Grandsailles Clder and Solange. The latter is an illustration of what he himself called the cldalisme / A> aimed at closing the "passion trilogy inaugurated by the Marquis de Sade," whose first two elements are sadism and masochism.

Salvador Dal was also shown Fantastic Memories ( 1945 ), The House without windows, Labyrinth ( 1949 ) and The Limit ( 1951 ) by Maurice Sandoz , whom he met in New York in the early 1940's.

Complete Works in Spanish

Destino editions and the Foundation Gala-Salvador Dal have edited the complete works of Salvador Dal in 7 volumes (in Spanish):

• Volumen I: Textos autobiogrficos 1, 2003, ( ISBN 978-84-233-3569-5 )
• Volumen II: Textos autobiogrficos 2, 2003, ( ISBN 978-84-233-3570-1 )
• Volumen III: Prosa, teatro, cine y poesa, 2004, ( ISBN 978-84-233-3626-5 )
• Volumen IV: Ensayos I, 2005, ( ISBN 978-84-233-3779-8 )
• Volumen V: Ensayos II, 2005, ( ISBN 978-84-233-3780-4 )
• Volumen VI: Album, 2004, ( ISBN 978-84-233-3627-2 )
• Volumen VII: Entrevistas, 2006, ( ISBN 978-84-233-3880-1 )

List of literary works published in French

• My friend and Beach, 1927
• The Secret Life of Salvador Dal (1942) Gallimard, 2002 ( ISBN 2-07-076374-9 )
• Diary of a Genius, published by The Roundtable, 1964 ( ISBN 2-07-073811-6 )
• Dali / Dali by Pauwels Passions - Denol 2004 ( ISBN 978-2207256206 )
• The Cuckolds of the old modern art, Grasset, collection "Les Cahiers Rouges"
• Thoughts and anecdotes, Le Cherche-Midi Editor , 2004, ( ISBN 2-86274-372-0 )
• Diary of a Teenage Engineering, published by Le Serpent plumes, 2006, ( ISBN 2-90757-306-3 )
• Letters to Picasso (1927-1970), The Stroller, 2005 Model: ISBN 978-2-07-077548-4

Cinematographic

Gala in the window, sculpture Marbella

Dal's childhood took place during the golden age of silent films. He meets Luis Buuel in the student residence in Madrid - it is the subject of one of his early paintings. This friendship leads to a collaboration that opens the way for surrealism. In complicity with him, he participated in writing two films emblematic of the surrealist cinema: Un Chien Andalou in 1929 , a short film of sixteen minutes in which to succeed, after a brutal picture of introduction (probably for better mark the division between the real world and surreal), various dreamlike scenes featuring only the logic of dreams, and The Golden Age in 1930 , a one-hour film, held at the time insolent, the film was banned until 1981.

Dal was involved in several films:

• In 1941 , he wrote a first dream scene for the movie "Moontide" by Fritz Lang. The scene will not tour because of the events following the Japanese attack against Pearl Harbor , Archie Mayo realized the movie but the scene imagined by Dal.
• In 1945 , as a result of a brainstorming session at a party at Jack Warner , he began to realize with Walt Disney an animated cartoon called Destino. Unfortunately, the work was at the time stopped after a few months by the studio due to financial problems after the war . Dal and Disney liked each lot, and Dal regarded the filmmaker as a "great American surrealist" (great American surrealist) as well as the Marx Brothers and Cecil B. DeMille . Decades later, Roy E. Disney found the work of Dal and decided to resume the project after finding that the legal rights to those tables returned to Disney . The ingredients of this film are present in the table Dali Melancholy, Atomic Idyll Uranic dated 1945 . In this movie, Salvador Dal tells the story of a vanished people he has traced the course of a travel "Upper Mongolia." In fact, the story is completely invented. It was enough to put some of Dal's urine on the ring of a pen, waiting to act as corrosion, to film the remote effects macro and micro, all complemented by a commentary of "historian".

Reports Dal movies have been in 2004 a documentary film called Cinema Dal. Since June 2007 and until September 2007 , the Tate Modern in London offers a retrospective of his work in connection with the world of cinema. But more recently the filmmaker Marie-Dominique Montel has collaborated with Christopher Jones, the expert film Dali and filmmaker also to make a movie cinema as Dali. In 2010, this film tells the painter's ideas in the field of film counts with the participation of Catherine Millet and Jose Montes Baquer.

Other films:

• Jean-Christophe Averty & Robert Descharnes "The Soft Self-Portrait of Salvador Dal, 1967 The world of theater

  Dal was also involved in several projects related to the theater:

  • in 1927 , he collaborated with Federico Garca Lorca to the room Marina Pineda;
  • He was the author of the book Bacchanale, inspired by Tannhuser Richard Wagner

  During his stay in New York, Dal produced several backdrops, scenery and costumes for ballet :

  • Bacchanale (1939)
  • Labyrinth (1941)
  • Helena (1942)
  • Romeo and Juliet (1942)
  • Coffee Cinitas (1943)
  • Mad Tristan (1944)

  The world of fashion

  Dal, throughout his life and his work has maintained a long and intense relationship with the world polymorphic fashion. In his constant desire to materialize limitless creative capacity that conspicuous, he explored the creative registers the most heterogeneous of the fashion industry, leaving in each of his trademark special.

  • As part of the piece Bacchanale, he worked with Coco Chanel to design costumes and decorations
  • In 1930 , he participated in the creation of several models including a famous hat-shaped shoe, and with the dressmaker Elsa Schiaparelli , the dress he created "lobster";
  • in 1950 , with Christian Dior , he designed the famous suit of 1945 cabinets.
  

  

  Rhino Dal Puerto Banus (sculpture weighs 3.6 tons)

  Among the inventions Dalinian in what we might call "virtual fashion" - as its model the form of writings and drawings have not been made - we can cite:

  • The dresses, with false dividers and stuffed dummy of anatomy, designed to excite the erotic imagination, as Dal himself commented in Vogue: "All women with fake breasts in the back - exactly inserted in place of blades - will enjoy a winged appearance. "
  • The makeup on the cheeks hollow to eliminate shadows under the eyes.
  • Kaleidoscopic spectacles especially recommended for travel by car boring.
  • Fake nails compounds of mini mirrors in which we can contemplate, specially adapted to support the costumes of the evening.
  • The spring musical shoes to brighten walks.

  But Dali was not limited to imagine fashion sketches "virtual", he also collaborated in producing designs "real" as:

  • The dresses that Edward James asked him to create for her friend the actress Ruth Ford and were conducted by Elsa Schiaparelli , the Italian haute couture seamstress living in Paris, with whom he worked throughout the 1930s for reasons of fabrics and designs for decorating their robes and hats, among them the famous "hat-shoes' which is already part of the surrealist imagination.
  • Models for stage performances: first sketches with the costumes of the model Mariana Pineda until his drawings for many ballets and plays, in which participated the most known models that her friend Coco Chanel was created for "Bacchanale," the first ballet "paranoid-kinetic."
  • Women's swimwear that fully compress the breasts to cover up the bust and so give a look angelic.
  • The tuxedo aphrodisiac coated glass filled with peppermint liqueur hit.
  • Ties that George McCurrach asked him to draw with iconographic motifs emblematic Dali: lips glued to a phone-crawfish, ants swarming on soft watches ...
  • The design of his mustache hair-metamorphic antennas.
  • The perfume bottles Dalinian of "Rock and Roll" designed by Mrs. Davis Mafalda - a "toilet water" to man who was selling more expensive as Dior - until his latest perfume bottle which was inspired by "The appearance of the face of the Aphrodite of Knidos in a landscape. "Through" Shocking "perfume pink Schiaparelli he realized the advertising.

  The fantastic jewelry Gala, a great admirer of the legendary jeweler Faberge, invited him to draw from its own iconography.

  • Advertisements for fashion companies such as American-famous advertising campaign for low Bryans published as Vogue.
  • The costumes for the dances of Lent, beginning with the controversy over holding Gala 'dream dance' performed in his honor by Caresse Crosby in the Red Rooster, New York, to the Venetian inordinately long dresses for the Bal the Century "at the Palace of Charles de Beistegui that Christian Dior made from a drawing by Dal.

  But what was Dali dandy - he succeeded in being elected the most elegant man in France ^Photo

  

  

  The Dali Atomicus photo, Philippe Halsman (1948), shown before the son of suspension are removed.

  Dal also showed a real interest in photography when he gave an important place in his work. It harmonizes the sets and photographers working as a painter's canvas with his brushes. Dal photographer is the revelation of a major party and ignored by the establishment Dali. He worked with photographers like Man Ray , Brassa , Cecil Beaton , Philippe Halsman. With the latter he created the famous series Atomicus Dal. This is undoubtedly Robert Descharnes , his friend and photographer collaborator for 40 years that has made the most shots of Dal, the man and his work.

  

  

  Dal in Paris in 1934 by Carl Van Vechten

  With the fashion photographer Marc Lacroix , Dal asked in 1970 for a series of portraits where he staged in photos delusional "Dal in the crown of spider crab", "Dal's shirt Elvis Presley "," Dal's ear flower "," Avida Dollars ", with the portrait of Dal, above a sign of the Bank of France, surrounded by notes bearing his image," Dal in ecstasy over a nest of sea urchins in the phallic swimming pool, etc.. Always with Marc Lacroix , he'll try an experiment in which he has always been a dream: painting in three dimensions, which will materialize in the table "Eight Pupils' made using a digital prototype stereoscopic shooting : double images almost similar observed simultaneously become, through the magic of the laws of optics, a single image with depth.

  One of the most enduring images is that of the artist wearing a top hat on the sides of which he disposed of the masks of Mona Lisa. According to Theresa Lacroix he created for his participation in a ball given by the Baroness Rothschild. Only half of the face of Dal appears in the middle of enigmatic smiles frozen

  Recurring Themes pictorial

  Nature

  • Creek Port Lligat and rocks of Cape Creus : The creek of Port Lligat but also the fishing port or front of the house of the painter appeared in countless paintings from the installation of the couple in 1930. The vicinity of Cape Creus accounted for Dal "the most concrete landscape of the world" . Its sharp corners and rocks with strange shapes are well known to walkers of Cadaques. Dal's often used in his paintings (examples: The Great Masturbator, 1929 The Nose Napoleon turned into a pregnant woman walking among the ruins of its original shadow, 1945)
  • Great Masturbator: The composite image and appearance is enigmatic in 1929 . It is composed of several elements sometimes variables: eyelid, eyelashes, all resting on the nose profile. A grasshopper is often shown upside down, near the site of the mouth. Strong presence from 1929 to 1931 (The Great Masturbator, 1929 The game dismal 1929, Persistence of Memory-The soft watches 1931). Besides the symbolism the author's own, the general appearance is that of a large rock visible near Cape Creus connaisaient well as Dali .
  • Ants : Very present since 1929 they most often a morbid character may be related to a childhood scene where, after obtaining a small bat injured, he found the next morning dying, .
  • Ass fucked: Present in the film (1929) and in several paintings of that era 1927, 1928, 1928), along with several dead animals decaying. These images recall the traumatic scene of the corpse of her pet hedgehog, invaded by an army of worms "his back bristling quills are raised on a frantic swarm of worms unprecedented" .
  • Rhino : The geometric shape of the rhino horn is used by Dal in 1951 and especially to 1955 He explained that Template: Quotation
  • Flies : Dal loved flies Port Lligat, he let them cover his body and considered "the fairies of the Mediterranean" . Michel Deon said he was a delight reading the praise of Fly by Lucian .
  • Grasshoppers : a child he had a panic fear of grasshoppers, her classmates sent him sometimes in full swing . Grasshoppers are found mainly in the years 20-30 and often associated with great masturbator.
  • Urchin : Like his father . (Hiding for taste), Dal loved eating the urchins that brought him to the nearby sea. He used in his paintings (The Madonna of Port Lligat 1950), photography, and even as an artist, inserting a straw in their mouths and whose movements were drawing shapes on a screen (the film of this amazing feat is available the site of the INA ). This is undoubtedly the first use of an echinoderm as an artist painting.

  Food

  • Pain : is pictorial essential, present from 1926 The classic bread basket, rather than death defilement throne in 1945 at the place of honor works by Dal presented in the Teatre-Museu Gala Salvador Dal in Figueres , expressing the importance of this table. During its first transatlantic crossing, he dreams of making a loaf of 15m . His major Dal seems symbolic: "The bread was one of the themes of fetishism and obsessions of my earliest work, the first one I'm still the most faithful . "
  • Egg on the dish without the dish: Their image reminds Dal the phosphenes that occur when one compresses the eyeballs. He combines an intrauterine memories .

  Miscellaneous

  • Soft watches : Creating art can be the most famous Dal, they leak like a pie : And then, but what connection between cheese and mysticism?
  . "
• Back and buttocks : The back and buttocks of women are present very early in the work, particularly on the portraits of his sister Anna Maria in Cadaques 1925, 1926). Later, a more explicit as a young virgin auto-sodomized by her Own Chastity (1954) illuminate the meaning of these erotic poses.
• Gala : The muse appears in 1931 in a tiny work a real tour de force of miniaturist, exposed to the Teatre-Museu Gala Salvador Dal with a magnifying glass to better appreciate the details. His portraits are then very numerous, his face and hair making it easily recognizable characteristic. It appears from the front (The Angelus of Gala 1935) or back (my wife, naked, looking into his own body, three Vertebrae of a Column Sky and Architecture 1945), naked (Leda Atomica 1949), Mary (The Madonna of Port Lligat 1950), a bare breast (Galarina 1945).
• Crutches : The discovery of a pair of crutches in the abandoned house where he was resting Pitchot was a revelation. She immediately became a fetish object that long again, often to support a soft appendage. It reveals the anguish of powerlessness prevails in Dal before his sexual encounter with Gala.
• Excrement : In 1929, the presence in the picture a man wearing a stained underwear scandal in the small circle surreal. Gala was sent a delegation to ensure that the young Catalan had no inclination coprophagy, which horrified them. Gala could reassure them, while it warned against Dal's state of mind "petty bourgeois" of a group of artist who claimed a total sincerity, however .

Artistic works

• The Angelus of Millet : Millet's painting became an obsession with Dal from 1929 his characters always appear in , 1965. Dal was often explained on the eroticism of the painting, along with its belief that the couple prayed around the coffin of their dead child. Surprisingly, a radiograph performed at the Louvre reveals a rectangular dark area and under the earth, between the two characters .
• Venus de Milo : Reference occasionally, she first appears in a sculpture diverted with his friend Marcel Duchamp , as an image and turning into a bullfighter in the hallucinogenic toreador.

ABC dalinien

Avida Dollars

Artists and avant-garde intellectuals of the twentieth century, including most Marxists have often concealed their close ties with the capitalist market of art and literature. However, Dali, who loved to swim against the tide, has always flaunted his love for money. And so, when Andre Breton , would denigrate him in forming the nickname "Avida Dollars" - an anagram of Salvador Dali - it took the nickname to his account, in order to provoke, and converts it into one of its symbols Most significant, so it is now part of his "Golden Legend."

In reply to Andre Breton , Dali said that his prudence counseled him in his teens as much as possible to become "slightly multimillionaire." Later, back on the case, he said "It was Andr Breton to bite my attraction to bright gold, which coined the anagram ... It felt so wonderful to pillory my name, but he has done nothing other than dialing a talisman ... America has welcomed me as a child prodigy and covered my dollars ... The gold lights me and the bankers are the supreme priests of religion Dali. " ^Family

• Mother, Felipa Domnech Ferris (1874-1921): surprisingly little appears in the pictorial work 1920). Yet his death was a terrible tragedy for the young: "The death of my mother was the greatest of all my despair . "
• Father, Salvador Dal y Cusi (1872-1950): Notary in the strong personality and character difficult. It is present in several early paintings of the artist's career (The Father of the artist Llan 1920, Portrait of My Father, 1925). Dali proud to have won the paternal authority by quoting Freud: "Is he a hero who rebels against parental authority and conquers . "Their reports are often conflicting, a long scrambles will oppose Catalan after a friend has revealed to the family in 1929 full of horror that El Salvador had written in one of his paintings:" Sometimes I spit on the portrait pleased with my mother. The father and sister have been able to understand the message of the son and Salvador will be excluded from the family circle for many years. The notary Figueres remain the only person afraid Dal until the end of his life.
• Brother: The invisible presence of the couple's first child haunted childhood and later life of the painter. It bore the same name as the painter and his life he identified himself to the twin haunting: "I was born twice. My brother, a first test of myself, engineering, extreme and therefore not viable, had still lived seven years before the circuits of his brain accelerated catching fire . He appears in a 1963 portrait of my dead brother.
• Sister Anna Maria Dal (1908-1990): was his first regular model, he painted standing or sitting, often in front of a window overlooking the sea in the 1920s. Their reports were too difficult, they fell for the first time in 1929 and later, when Anna-Maria published her memories of her brother, without his consent .

Madness and delirium

Dal never cease to repeat one of his most famous words: "The only difference between a madman and me is that I'm not crazy ^{, ,} . But recognize that without Gala, it would probably be mad at the time of the Spectre of Sex Appeal (1934) . Delirium and paranoid delusions in particular, remain a permanent creative engine.

Freud and psychoanalysis

Like other Surrealists, Dal was fascinated with the recent work of psychoanalysis in which he found a scientific basis for his research on pictorial fantasies and delusions. He pricked a time to participate in theoretical research and published several texts. He sought time to meet Sigmund Freud, it was finally possible thanks to their mutual friend Stefan Zweig in London in 1938. Dal tells with humor that interview where he tried to present their scientific work to Freud's old and sick man who did not notice that Dal's appearance, he told Zweig: "I have never seen as perfect prototype of Spanish. What a fanatic! "

Gala

Helena Dmitrievna DELOUVIN Diakonova (1894-1982) better known by his nickname in Gala between the painter's life in the summer of 1928 when she comes on holiday with her husband Paul Eluard and his daughter Cecilia in Cadaques, Dali's home which receives this summer then a small group of Parisian Surrealists . It is the thunderbolt , but bad masters Salvador Dali emotion that elicits peals of laughter every time he approaches the young woman. She manages to reassure him and prophesies: "My boy, we will not leave us . "Gala will bring emotional stability and sexual sorely lacking in young Salvador . She will always have a protective influence and maternal vital to the sanity of the painter. She will also manage rigorously, even bitterness, the financial interests of the couple. Their union is, however, rejected by Dal's father who called him "the woman," not supporting the divorced wife of 10 years older than his son . They married in 1932 and then civilly and religiously in the privacy in 1958 after the death of Paul Eluard.

For Gala Dal Castle buys Pbol, in Catalonia, where she is buried .

Despite two personalities unromantic, they succeed in forming the public a couple passionately welded; Salvador Dal never ceased to glorify his muse, the paint, to exalt its beneficial effect and be in despair when his death .

Media & TV

Dal discovered journalists and the appeal of his character can inspire them in unconventional landing for the first time in New York in 19XX . It is undoubtedly one of the first artists to learn to manipulate the media by his account of the eccentricities expertly distilled. Around 1970, Dal will increasingly virulent against "cretinization" conveyed and amplified by new media, especially television. This does not prevent, rather, to use to his advantage. If Dal is able to confide with a sincerity that confuses some programs, it will become increasingly unmanageable in popular programs that seem to openly despise. Denise Glaser example will bear the expense .

Death

Death is present throughout the work since the first surrealistic paintings, even the first portraits of old men (ref). Death first appears in its most repulsive physical appearance, that of rotting corpses (ref). Later, it will be more subtle but still present in the paintings Christian (crucifixion), Portrait of My Dead Brother, 1963, Tuna fishing, 1967, The Bullfighter hallucinogen (1970).

Shortly before his death, he said "thinking about death, especially when I eat canned sardines."

Picasso

Pablo Picasso was 25 years older than Dal, they first met in 1927 during his first trip to Paris. Dal shows one of his small paintings and Picasso began to show him a quantity of his paintings, without a word, Dal said at the time of parting "On the doorstep, we exchanged a look that said" Understood? - Included! " . Therefore, Picasso will remain throughout his life a constant reference, admired and rival. It will also help financially Dal pay his boat ticket for his first trip to New York .

Dal recognizes the genius of Picasso. In his "analysis Dali values" versus the great painters, it assigns 20/20 to the category "engineering" on a par with Leonardo da Vinci , Velasquez , Raphael and Vermeer. Himself in an exceptional modesty does recognizing that poor 19/20