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Salonica

Thessaloniki
(El)
Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki
Administration
Country Flag: Greece Greece
Mayor Yiannis Boutaris
Periphery Central Macedonia
Nome Thessaloniki prefecture
Postcode 53x xx, 54x xx, 55x xx, 56x xx
Calling code 2310
Registration N
Geography
Contact 40 38 '00 "North
22 57 '00 "East / 40.633333, 22.95
Altitude 20 m
Area 1 780 ha = 17.8 km 2
Demography
Population 363 987 inhab. (2001)
Density 20 448.7 inhabitants / km 2
Location
Greece location map.svg
City locator 14.svg
Thessaloniki
Internet
City website www.thessalonikicity.gr

Thessaloniki (in Greek / Greek , in modern Greek , in Slavic Languages , in Judeo-Spanish in Turkish Selanik) or Thessaloniki ( / is a city of Greece , capital of nome of the same name, located at the bottom of the Gulf Thermaic. Today it is the capital of the prefecture of Thessaloniki and the periphery (region) of Central Macedonia in Greek Macedonia. The city has 363,987 inhabitants 800 764 account that the urban unit (2001).

Summary

/ / History

Ancient Greece

Thessaloniki was founded by Cassander of Macedonia in -315 , and named in honor of his wife to whom he offered the city as a token of his love. The name of Thessaloniki, daughter of Philip II of Macedon and half-sister of Alexander the Great, is a contraction of the words (Thessaly) and (victory) to commemorate the victory of the Macedonians on the people of Phocis with Using Thessaly (see Thessaly ).

Ancient Rome

The arch of Galerius

After conquering Roman , it became the capital of the province of Macedonia. The Romans created the Via Egnatia , linking road Dyrrachium to Byzantium , the city prospered by making a city of Thessaloniki unmissable. At 50, St. Paul comes to preach Christianity, many Saloniciens convert secretly.

Later, the emperor Galerius chose to take up residence and began building his palaces and many public buildings. In its struggle against Christianity, he made a martyr Saint Dimitri who became the patron saint and protector of the city. Constantine I in 322 starts construction of fortifications and the artificial port which continues the city's economic development. However the founding of Constantinople , and the concentration of political and religious power that follows, Thessaloniki deprives the central role it was hoped by its geographical location. In 390, Theodosius I massacred the population, which had revolted, killing between seven and ten thousand victims.

From the following century Thessaloniki became the capital of the prefecture of Illyricum , vast constituency of the empire that encompasses almost all of the Balkan Peninsula.

Byzantine Empire

During the first centuries of the Byzantine Empire the city experienced a steady economic growth. Its strategic position at the mouth of the Balkan Peninsula and on the Via Egnatia promotes trade and port activity in a high intensity, the city is directly related to Piraeus , Genoa and Istanbul. This period saw the city rich of monuments and imposing churches like the Hagia Sophia, the Church of the Acheiropoietos, and the basilica of St. Demetrius, patron saint of the city.

From the late sixth century many Slavonic tribes settled in the area of Thessaloniki. Several attacks took place against the city throughout the seventh century and the empire, very engaged on the Eastern Front, spoke softly. This downturn lasted until the early tenth century. Thessaloniki was captured by the Saracens in 904. Caminiats John gave us the realistic narrative of the atrocities that took place there. Leo the Tripolitan, Byzantine renegade Attalia originating in Pamphylia , attacked the city with 54 ships brash and a little over 10,000 men. Caminiats and other city residents who were not killed were enslaved or exchanged against ransom. The Tripolitan returned with his booty and 22 000 young people.

The city wall Byzantine

However the X century and early eleventh century is a period of recovery and the empire was reorganized into themes. Thessaloniki became the capital of a theme intended to last until the fifteenth century. The city then falls into the hands of the Crusaders , on the orders of the pope at the time, who was afraid of losing an important part of his papal authority, the religious leader of what became orthodox Christianity as the Byzantine emperor, seconded order by the economic power of the Dukes of Genoa, who saw the attack means to plunder the riches of the city and to establish their domination over the Mediterranean sea. In 1313 , she was again reinstated in the Empire of Constantinople. In 1430 , she was taken by the Turks , who called Selanik.

Ottoman Empire

White Tower of Thessaloniki

Following the expulsion of Jews from Spain many Jews Sephardim settled in Thessaloniki forming one of the largest Jewish communities of the East for many centuries and forming the majority of people in this city. From the seventeenth century and ending with Greece in 1912 , the city was the center of the messianic Jewish movement, triggered by Sabbatai Zevi. The Shabbethaians were grouped until the population exchange that took them to Turkey in the 1920s.

In the nineteenth century , it was the fourth largest city of Turkey and an important political center. The Union and Progress Party was born in Thessaloniki, and the first Turkish Masonic lodges. The Constitutionalist Revolution of 1908 began here, which earned him the nickname of the Kaaba of Liberty. After being dethroned the Sultan Abdul Hamid II was assigned to residence in this city, the home of Allatini.

Thessaloniki is also the birthplace of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk - founder of modern Turkey - in 1881. His birthplace is now a museum.

Modern Greece

Modern Thessaloniki

Salonika in the early twentieth century is a multiethnic city: it has around 120,000 inhabitants, including 80,000 Jews, 15,000 Turks and 15,000 Greeks, Bulgarians and 5 000 5 000 Westerners. It is one of the four largest cities of the Ottoman Empire. It is one of the most modern and one of the largest ports. Salonika also became an important center of political ferment. Thus, the Ottoman Committee of Liberty, which plays an important role in the direction of movement of Young Turks born in Thessaloniki in August 1906.
During the First Balkan War , the goal of Greece, as part of the Great Idea is Thessaloniki. She was captured in November 1912. On the first day of the new Greek occupation, non-Muslims abandon the wearing of the fez , and many Turks left the city. The Greek language is again used extensively, while the use of Turkish decreases considerably. Similarly, the Byzantine churches converted into mosques by the Ottomans once again become places of Christian worship.
The First World War came as Thessaloniki begins to integrate into the Greek State. Early in the conflict, Greece is a neutral country, but through a serious political crisis between supporters of the Triple Entente and supporters of the Triple Alliance. Some of the troops evacuated the Dardanelles in the fall of 1915, she formed the French Army of the East and sent to the aid of Serbia in settling in Thessaloniki, which is a logical basis to achieve their goal. The operation is called Salonika expedition before becoming the Eastern front. Venizelos, the Prime Minister supported the agreement so authorizes. In 1916, a total of 400,000 French soldiers, British and Serbian are present in the city.
The Allied presence in the city plays a decisive political role: driven from office of Prime Minister Venizelos left Athens and Thessaloniki joined September 26, 1916. A "government of national defense" is organized. Thessaloniki becomes the capital of a region in revolt, but also the headquarters of the allies who support this movement. After the abdication of the king in June 1917, Venizelos returned to Athens and Thessaloniki loses its status as capital of Greece.
In August 1917 , the entire center of the city is ravaged by a catastrophic fire. 9500 buildings were destroyed, leaving 70,000 people homeless. The reconstruction of the city allows a complete restructuring of its plan and its spatial organization.

Thessaloniki is that the Germans have established their headquarters during their occupation of Greece during the Second World War. They will massively deport Jews from Salonika , whose main community is Sephardi and installed since the sixteenth century after the Spanish Inquisition. It is estimated that 98% of the community was exterminated during the Holocaust.

After the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War , the city is experiencing difficulties. The iron curtain cut its hinterland trade: All trade routes that had made his fortune in abortion. In the 1950s, the city has a new urban transformation, especially in the lower town. The International Fair of Thessaloniki, heiress fairs of St. Dimitri of the Middle Ages, recreated in 1926, is the largest exhibition center in the country making Thessaloniki primarily a business center and a large international fair, rather than a tourist destination.

Gallery

Aristotle Square (Platia Aristotelous).

Boulevard de la Victoire (Leoforos Nikis).

Catherine of Alexandria

Panagia tn Chalkn

Famous people born in Thessaloniki

Museums

Monuments main

Historic Centre of Thessaloniki

Churches

Ottoman Monuments

Climate

The climate is Mediterranean with a continental influence, however, significant. Snow is fairly common in winter and summers are wetter than the rest of Greece. They are mostly rain storms.

Month January February March April May June July August September October November December
Maximum Twinnings

(In alphabetical order)

Internal Links

External Links

References


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