Salat (Islam)

Imam presiding over prayer

The salat, or Salah ( The five daily prayers

Faithful praying towards Mecca in the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus.

In the early days of Islam, prayers, besides being an act of total submission to God, are also used to recite verses from the Koran and remember them, to fix in the minds of companions as and when their revelation. This practice is still in the month of Ramadan , Muslims holy month marking the beginning of the prophethood of Mohammed , where the Muslim is encouraged to recite in full at least once in the entire Koran, the prayers are called Taraweeh.

On Friday is the day of prayer for Muslims but it is not a statutory holiday in most Muslim countries. The prayer is performed collectively for those who can. At the time of the call for this prayer, believers are asked to cease all trading. Then at the end of the office, should be dispersed to go about their business and resume operations.

Each prayer consists of 2, 3 or 4 rakat, ie several "cycles". Each cycle consists of prayer, the recitation of one or several suras , all in very specific positions: standing, leaning, bowing, kneeling. The five mandatory daily prayers for Muslims:

1. The prayer of Fajr or did al-Fajr means the dawn prayer, composed of two Its time begins with the emergence of true dawn (al-Sadiq fajrou s) which is a transverse white glow on the horizon is. Its completion time lasts until sunrise (Chourouk) . It consists of four rakat. Its time begins when the sun moves away from the middle of the sky towards the west and ends when the shadow of anything reaches a length equal to that of the thing itself plus the length of the shadow she had upon the zenith. An "anything" a stick or gnomon example, planted vertically on a flat surface. Shadow the zenith, the shadow of this thing when the sun is high in the sky. When the sun drifts to the west, we see that the shadows lengthen and turn eastward. That is the sign that the time of adh-Dhuhr began.
2. The prayer of al-'asr, the prayer of mid-afternoon , consisting of four Its time begins at the end of time adh-Dhuhr and lasts until sunset. So when the length of the shadow of anything becomes equal to the length of this thing over the length of its shadow at the zenith, the time al-Asr begins and ends in adh-Dhuhr. The view of the Hanafi , Salat-ul-'asr starts when the shadow becomes equal to twice the length of the actual thing.
3. The prayer of al-Maghrib, the sunset prayer .

Other prayers

Muslims performing prayers Jumu'a Friday

• Friday prayer replacing dhohr (joumou'a) ;
• prayers very strongly recommended (soft-Akada: Witr);
• prayer of both parties (see Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr );
• funeral prayer (Janazah);
• prayer of the eclipse (koussouf);
• prayer-morning (Duha);
• supererogatory prayer (nafilah);
• salvation prayer from the mosque (masjid ul tahaiyat): Recommended lorqu'on between a mosque ^, ;
• Prayer of the consultation (Istikhara): When is reluctant to make a choice ;
• Prayer need (or haaja istijab): When you have a specific need (physical or otherwise);
• prayer nights of Ramadan ( Tarawih ) prayer after al-isha this month;
• prayer of fear or danger is permitted in time of war or when there are fears for his life ;
• prayer of exaltation or glorification can be accomplished by the faithful that the environment has several times at any point in his life or even once if he wants. This prayer consists of four raka'at and various invocations specific to this prayer. There is no binding in this prayer.
• Traveller's Prayer (mousafir) that a person can make a trip away from home when she least forty days .

Friday prayers is highly recommended and is fard kifaya . It must be done by a part of the community while the other is provided. It occurs in 2 raka'at. Each raka'at must recite the Fatiha sura and long. The second raka'at must be shorter than the first . Other theologians say it is required ^{Types of prostrations}

• The prostration of recitation (sujood did Tilawa) is a time when the faithful prostrated himself at the end of some verses of the Koran. In total there are 15 scattered throughout the Qur'an . The word "worship" is mentioned every time.

• The prostration of gratitude (sujood Shoukr) can be carried by the faithful when receiving good news or the remoteness of some misfortunes .

• The prostration of forgetfulness (sujood did sahw) is established for anyone who has inadvertently demonstrated in his prayer. It is practiced when there was added (ziyada), omission (nouqsan) or doubt (Shakka) before or after the two final greetings (Taslim) without tashahhud .

To avoid any resemblance to other religions that revere the luminary, such as Zoroastrians , Muslims refrain from any supererogatory prayer (nafilah) when the sun rises, when at its zenith and when he sets.

Pillars of Prayer

The different postures during the performance of prayer.

Always defined by consensus, the pillars of prayer (Arkan-Salaah) are part of the prayer itself and necessary for the validity thereof except reasonable excuse (forgetting, illness etc. ..). In the Sunni tradition, there are 14 :

1. Have the intention to pray (Having this intention in his heart only, and especially not pronounce his intention verbally)
2. Stand
3. Speak aloud the first takbeer
4. Recite the Fatiha and a Surah in whole or in part, the latter depending on the number of rakat and prayer time.
5. The inclination
6. Raise the head after bowing
7. Stay a while between the inclination and prostration straight
8. Prostrate
9. Sit down after the prostration
10. Sitting between the two prostrations
11. Stay calm and take time for the inclination and prostration
12. Intermediate or recite the formula of closing
13. Render the final greeting aloud
14. Observe the order of these bases (depending on the number of rakat)

The duties of strict obligations

Terms of prayer

A scene of prayer in Cairo

The conditions (Shurt) were defined by the community consensus. They are not part of the ritual itself but are required (except in special cases) to be valid. We can enumerate nine :

1. Intention;
2. Being a Muslim;
3. The reason (he suffers from mental illness is excused and is not required to pray);
4. Puberty, faculty make sense of things (Did Tamyiz) ;
5. Praying in the prescribed hours (unless a valid excuse like illness, forgetfulness, travel etc ...) ;
6. Purification, be in a state of bodily purity (having ablution);
7. Moving towards the qibla (except excuse as boat trips, boat or if we can not determine the direction ...);
8. Will cover parts of the body that it is indecent to show (al-`Satr AWRA);
9. No impure parts of the body and clothing such as urine or feces (however this does not invalidate the prayer if you forget purification clothing ^{Differing views on the status of one who abandons prayer}

   The scholars differed as to the status of a person who abandons the five daily prayers:

   • The majority of ulama it does not come out of Islam as it recognizes the binding nature of these prayers, however, it commits a very serious sin. Muslims generally claim that opinion.
   • The view is also a minority opinion of the Hanbali school of Islam it out, if it fails if only one of the five prayers, even if it recognizes them as binding. By cons, deliberately delaying the prayers would not remove the person from Islam, although this action would be described as sin.

   References

   1. ^{a , b and c} Qur'an 11:114: "Pray to the two ends of the day and early hours of the night. The pious dissipate sins. This is a reminder for those who remember. "
   2. Qur'an 17:78: "Perform the prayer of the decline of the sun until the dark and pay yourself what you recite the Qur'an at dawn, because the recitation of the Qur'an at dawn is witnessed. "
   3. Qur'an 2:238: "Be diligent to Salats and especially the Middle Prayer; and stay standing before Allah in all humility. "
   4. Qur'an 24:58 "O ye who believe! Let those whom you have ask your permission before entering, and those of you who have not yet reached puberty, three times: before morning prayer, at noon when you take off your clothes and after the prayer of the night three times of privacy for you. Outside these times is not wrong for you or for them to come and go, some in others. Thus does Allah make clear His verses, and Allah is Knowing, Wise. "
   5. Qur'an 62:9 "O ye who believe! When the call to prayer on Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allah and leave off business. That is best for you if you knew! "
   6. "When one of you enter the mosque, he does not sit before you pray two raka'at. Narrated by Al-Bukhary, Muslim, Abu Dawood, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nassa'i and Ibn Maja (Al-Jama'a).
   7. Jurisprudence (simplified Tayseer al-Fiqh) from bin Ghanim Salih did Sadln translated by Mohammed Karimi, Publishing & Distribution Sana ISBN 2-914949-43-X ^(1st edition 2004) page 80.
   8. `Abdullah ibn Abi al-Awfa al-Aslami said:" The Messenger of Allah came to us and said that whoever has a need with Allah, or from one of His creatures to do his ablutions and perform two rak'at. And then he says: "There is no god except Allah, Most Gracious, Most Noble. Glory to Allah, Lord of the Mighty Throne. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the universe. My Lord! I ask things which necessarily lead to mercy and things necessarily allow access to Your forgiveness. I ask you any good to win and be free from sin. I ask you to forgive me all my sins, to allay all my concerns and meet all my needs that meet Your approval. Then he asked what he likes doing things in this world and the other because we declare it. " Haith Narrated by Ibn Maja , Iqamat-Salaah wa al-Sunnah, 1374.
   9. During the expedition called Dhat ar Riqa "The Messenger of Allah, performing the prayer, he proceeded thus:" During the expedition, the Prophet (Muhammad) said the prayer of fear. A group of soldiers faced the enemy and another began in rows behind him, he made one raka'at and stood while the band continued raka'at only the second, then the fighters left the place of prayer to cope with the enemy. The other group that stood guard, came to pray. The Prophet Muhammad with them the second raka'at, sat to let them continue in prayer, then he made the final greeting. .
   10. 15 times just after the recitation of the Quran, 10 times during the tilt, 10 times in the standing position following the tilt, 10 times in the first prostration; 10 times in the sitting position between the two prostrations; 10 times during the second prostration; 10 times, rising from prostration before reaching the upright position, ie the Muslim is still a few seconds in a sitting position.
   11. Qur'an 4:101 "And when you travel through the earth, not a sin for you to shorten the salat, if you fear that the disbelievers may attack you to the test, because the unbelievers are your open enemy. "
   12. "The sun and moon are signs of Allah, and they do not eclipse on the death or birth of someone, then when you see these two and then come running to the mosques" and in another version "then pray and call." Hadith alleging ata'liqat aradiyah 'ala bab rawdata annadiyah salat al koussoufayn.
   13. Muhammad ibn Saleh Al'Othaymin in Arkan al-Islam believes that prayer is not obligatory but recommended that it is mandatory for at least part of the community (wajib kifa'i). Fatawa Arkan al-Islam Dar Al-Manhaj, page 306.
   14. The Standing Committee on scientific research and legal advice
   15. Amr ibn al-As reported that Muhammad made him read fifteen places of prostration in the Qur'an: three in the (suras) and two detailed in Sura of the Pilgrimage (among others). Narrated by Abu Dawood, Ibn Majah, Hakim and Dar Qutni (fit Mundhir and Al-Nawawi). List of Surahs and verses where we must worship: 7:206, 13:15, 16:49, 17:107, 19:58, 22:18, 22:77, 25:60, 27:25, 32: 15, 38:24, 41:37, 53:62, 84:21 and 96:19.
   16. Narrated by Abu Dawood, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Maja by Abu Bakr.
   17. simplified Jurisprudence, page 76.
   18. simplified Jurisprudence, page 62.
   19. simplified Jurisprudence, page 64.
   20. But Muhammad was prescribed to teach prayer from 7 years
   21. Qur'an, 4:103: "Verily, the prayer for the believers at fixed hours part. "

   External Links

   • Hours of salat in the world.
   • Prayer times in France
   • Schedule of prayer in 37,358 communes of France
   • The salat video!
   • How do the salat?
   • Azan (Adhan) and Iqama
   • Prayer halls in the world
   • Islam Portal
   • Portal religions and beliefs

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