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Salafism

Salafism is a movement Sunni claiming a return to Islamic origins, based on the Quran and Sunnah. Today the term refers to a composite movement ^Origins

The desire to recover the Salaf Islam in its purity is not new. The word Salaf, Muslim theologians refer Muhammad and his companions (particularly the first four caliphs ), and the two generations that followed. The expansion of Islam is generally attributed to the purity of their faith. "Therefore, every time that Muslim societies will find themselves facing an economic crisis, political or social, some theologians advocated a return to the Islam of the Salaf

. "Therefore, Salafism is an ideology whose political and religious thought will be widely disseminated successively by the main preachers of the modern Saudi state, leading clerics Mohammad Ibrahim al-Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Baz and Muhammad ibn al-'Uthaymin . "

One common theological currents Salafists

The various strands themselves as Salafi movement for the revival of Islam through a return to the faith of the origins of the "pious predecessors". They reject what they perceive as human interpretations after the revelation of Mahomet. So this is a reform movement that condemns both practices of popular Islam, accused of being "superstitious", but also much of the Muslim theological reflection, considered the carrier of "innovations ', that is to say, creations of the human mind away from the divine message. Salafists also refuse all Western influence, especially democracy and secularism, which they accuse of corrupting the Muslim faith.

As Bernard Rougier, "the Salafists emancipated from the tradition established by the law schools, and invent a new Islam . They built, in fact, a new reading of Islam, literally. This interpretation affirms that rely on the Quran, and Sunnah , that is to say all the hadiths , the words and facts lent to Muhammad and his companions. The Salafis claim and emulate Muhammad in all, including how they dress or eat.

Besides this denunciation of what they consider as "innovations" over the Koran and the Sunna, the various Salafist currents insist on the principle of Tawheed, Tawheed. God is the one and only creator (Tawhid rububiya, uniqueness in the manor). Any act of worship must go to him alone (Tawheed uluhiya, uniqueness in the worship). All names and divine attributes which appear in the Qur'an and Sunnah are accepted, but are not treated as metaphorical or anthropomorphic (Tawheed Asma WAS Sifat, unique in its names and attributes).

The various contemporary trends Salafists

Salafism preaching

This trend Salafi, developed especially by imams near the Saudi regime, rejects jihadist way that seeks to impose an Islamic regime by violent and revolutionary action. This path seemed doomed to failure. One of the great figures of this trend from the 1960s until his death in 1999, Sheikh Muhammed Nacer ad-Din al-Albani , and stated that "It is part of the The Salafi Jihadist

This movement of Salafism refuses to restrain the religious preaching and makes jihad the heart of its activity . For these Salafi, Salafist the traditionalists favor preaching alone, especially near the Sheikhs of Saudi authorities as Ibn Baz and Ibn 'Uthaymeen , became seen as hypocrites in the pay of the United States. On the other hand, these Salafi critics more Muslim Brotherhood who are sentenced because of their faith deemed insufficiently literal and, for the most moderate of the Brothers, for their involvement in the political game of state considered impious to be eliminated by force .

This trend continues then a violent revolutionary strategy which aims to overthrow the States in Muslim countries to establish an Islamic state by force. This also leads them to undertake violent actions against Western countries perceived as supporters of these states, particularly the United States.

Critics of Salafism

Within the Muslim world, the Salafi movement is the subject of contemporary criticism. He was accused, in particular, have a narrow understanding of the various religious texts, including the Koran and the Sunna, promoting a literalist approach, and ignoring the context of writing and the spirit of these texts .

References Salafists

According to the Koran and the Sunna , the Salafist refer to Ulema old:

First, the companions of the Prophet, whom they regard as the most learned and the first example to be followed after Muhammad.
The four Imams madhhabs ( Abu Hanifa , Malik ibn Anas , Al-Shaafa'i , Ibn Hanbal ) for which they show great respect although they refuse to follow them blindly before first verifying the veracity of their word.

The scholars of hadith specialists ^ninth and ^thirteenth centuries , such as Ibn Al-Mubarak, Ibn Uyaynah Al-Bukhriy, Muslim, At-Tirmidhiy, Abu Daoud, Ibn Khuzaymah Ibn Battah Mandah Ibn Ibn Qudaamah. ..

Ibn Taymiyyah and his followers Ibn Al-Qayyim , Ibn Kathir and Adh-Dhahabiy, who lived in the ^thirteenth and ^fourteenth centuries century, the era of the Mamluks. Salafists cite them very often (especially the first three), because their works are abundant and they defended vigorously belief "salafi" cons currents Sufis and Ash'arite, the majority of their time. In practice, this reference to preferred theologians of the school Hanbali Salafi place in a vision of Islam which is quite close to that of the latter school, even though the Salafis refuse in principle to refer to a school rather than 'to another (for example, the famous theologian al-Albani was a rather influenced by the Salafi Hanafi, until he studies the other schools ^References

a , b and c Samir Amghar, "Salafism in Europe: the movement of a polymorphic radicalization" , Foreign Policy, No. 1, 2006.

Olivier Da Lage , Geopolitics of Saudi Arabia, Complexe, 2006, 143 p. ( ISBN 2804801217 ) See also

Bibliography

(En) - Sheikh Al Albani (ed.), The Salafism from myth to reality, Editing Al-Hadith, 2008, 244 pages ( ISBN 978-2-930395-22-7 )
(In) Roel Meijer (ed.), Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement, Hurst, London, 2009, 463 p. ( ISBN 978-1-85065-980-8 )
(Fr) Bernard Rougier (Eds.), What is Salafism?, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 2008, 271 p. ( ISBN 978-2-13-055798-2 )

Filmography

(En) Salafism in the ^20th century, Dominique Thomas conference as part of the University of All Knowledge , Service Film Research Scientist, Vanves; CERIMES, 2008?, 88 '(DVD)

External Links

Currents and movements in Islam

Sunni

Schools	Chafisme Hanafi Hanbalism Malikism
Movements	Salafism Wahhabism Athari Achari Maturidi Ahbash Nation of Islam. African American Muslims Brotherhood Tablighi Jamaat

Sufism

Assawa Shadhiliyya Chishtiyya Mourides Naqshbandiyya Nematollahi Qadiriyya Rahmaniya Tidjaniyya

Shiism

Schools	Usul. Akhbari. Jafari
Movements	Twelver. Rfidhites. Alevism. Yarsanism. Alawites. Shaikhism. Khojas. Isma'ilism ( Druze. Nizari. Mustaliens. Dawoodi Bohra ). Kaysanites. Zaidism