Saint Franois D39Assise Messiaen
Saint Francis of Assisi, Franciscan Scenes, is an opera in three acts and eight scenes of Olivier Messiaen (poem and music). The author began the poem in 1975 , following an order of opera Rolf Liebermann for the Paris Opera. The music was written between 1975 and 1979. The orchestration and copying of eight orchestral scores of the eight paintings from 1979 to 1983.
Summary |
Subject and Research
The opera is subtitled: Scenes Franciscan. Case of hagiography , the choice of Saint Francis of Assisi quickly became a believer and ornithologist who was Olivier Messiaen: "He is the saint who most resembles the Christ "and" he was talking to birds. During the period of gestation of the work, Messiaen had a lot of research, first on the iconography of religious, he studied the frescos of Giotto in the Basilica di San Francesco in Assisi , the paintings of Fra Angelico at the Museum San Marco in Florence , second in ornithology , which led the Italian to New Caledonia to study the songs of exotic birds. Creation The premiere took place on 28 November 1983 at the Paris Opera ( Palais Garnier ) by Christiane Eda-Pierre (Angel), Jos Van Dam (St. Francis), Kenneth Riegel (the Leper), Philippe Michel (Brother Leo) Georges Gautier (Brother Masseo), Michel Senechal (Brother Elias), Jean-Philippe Courtis (Brother Bernard). The Choir and Orchestra National Theatre of the Paris Opera, Chorus Master: Jean Laforge under the direction of Seiji Ozawa. Directed by Sandro Sequi, sets and costumes-Crisolini Giuseppe Malatesta. Here is the choral and instrumental, as given by the composer, with some clear indications of location. 3 piccolos , 3 flutes , 1 alto flute, 3 oboes , 1 English horn , 2 Small clarinet in Eb, 3 Bb clarinets, bass clarinet, bass clarinet, 3 bassoons , 1 contrabassoon. Xylophone , xylorimba, marimba , glockenspiel , vibraphone. 1 small trumpet in D, 3 trumpets in C, 6 horns in F, 3 trombones , 2 tubas , 1 bass tuba. 3 ondes Martenot , placed at different locations for the effects of space. The first wave Martenot is a proscenium box, left in right side first violins. The second is in a stage-box, right in right side cellos. The third is in an orchestra pit in front of the head. mixed choir of 150 people (on stage): first 15 sopranos , sopranos 15 seconds, 15 mezzos , 15 first contralto , contralto 15 seconds, top 15 tenors , 15 second tenors, 15 baritones , first 15 low , low 15 seconds. 16 first violins , 16 second violins, 14 violas , 12 cellos , 10 basses. I: First set of bells tubes, the first slaves , hliophone , snare. II: First triangle , claves second, 6 Temple block, very small cymbal , small cymbal, suspended cymbal. III: Second triangle, third claves, woodblock , whip , a pair of maracas , reco-reco , glass chimes , shell chimes, wood chimes, drum de basque, 3 gongs. IV: The third triangle, claves fourth game, Crostales, large suspended cymbal, suspended cymbal, tom plea, low tom, 3 tam-tams. V: second set of tubular bells , plate, claves fifths, geophone, bass drum. Messiaen was inspired by the Holy Scripture, his memories ornithological writings of Saint Francis himself, including Lauds Creaturarum (Canticle of the Creatures), the Fioretti (Anonymous, XIV century), Considerations on the Stigma. The axis of the dramatic work is located exclusively in the progression of the Grace of St. Francis. The result is a certain brevity hagiographic, Messiaen did not accept the escapades of youth of Francis, which he was subsequently charged. He said in an interview with Claude Samuel that the sins of Saint Francis did not have an interest in opera. "I deleted a lot of things to take only the outline of my subject. I always preferred to choose what could contain wonderful color and birdsong. It will not be issues here of Peter Bernadone, drafting of the Franciscan rule, the Great Saint Clare , and the famous wolf Gubbio. " The action takes place in Italy in the thirteenth century. Scene 1: St. Francis to Brother Leo explains that for the love of Christ, he must patiently endure all its contradictions, all its suffering, and this is the "perfect joy." Scene 2: After the recitation of the morning by the Brothers, Saint Francis, left alone, ask God to let her meet a leper and love. Scene 3: In a leper, a leper repulsive, covered with pustules, protested violently against his illness. Between St. Francis, and sitting beside him, he speaks softly. An angel appears at the window and said, "Leper, accuse your heart but God is bigger than your heart. "Disturbed by her sweet voice and the goodness of St. Francis, the leper is stricken with remorse for having won. St. Francis embraced the leper. Miracle! The leper is healed. The leper dance of joy. More than the healing of the leper, is the elevation of Grace that makes us exult St. Francis, his triumph over himself. Scene 4: On a forest path to La Verna, an angel appears in the guise of a traveler. He knocks on the door of the monastery, producing a huge sound that symbolizes the arrival of Grace. Masseo brother opens the door. The Angel poses a question to Brother Elias on Predestination. The latter refused to answer and reject the angel on the outside. The Angel knocks on the door again and asked the same question to Brother Bernard, who responds with great wisdom. Angel gone, Brother Bernard and Brother Masseo look and Brother Bernard observes: "Perhaps it was an angel? ... " Scene 5: Angel appears to St. Francis and gave him a foretaste of heavenly bliss, her playing a tune on his viola. This air is so pleasant as St. Francis fainted. Scene 6: In Assisi, the Carceri, a large oak tree in spring with lots of birdsong, St. Francis, followed by Brother Masseo, preaches a sermon to the birds and solemnly blessed. Birds respond to a large chorus in which we mean not only birds of Umbria , in particular the Blackcap, bird typical of Carceri, but also birds of other countries, such as the Isle of Pines, near the New Caledonia. Scene 7: At La Verna at night in a cave beneath an overhanging rock, Saint Francis is alone. A large cross appears. We hear the voice of Christ, symbolized by a chorus, almost continuously. Five arrows of light rays strike successively Cross both hands, feet and right side of Saint Francis, a sound as powerful as that which accompanied the blows of the angel at the door of the monastery. These five wounds, recalling the five wounds of Christ, are the divine confirmation of the holiness of St. Francis. Figure 8: St. Francis died, lying on the ground. All the Brothers around him. He said goodbye to all those he loved and sang the last verse of the Canticle of the Sun, the verse "our Sister Death physics". Brothers sing Psalm 141. The Angel and the Leper come to St. Francis for comfort. St. Francis took his last words: "Lord! Music and poetry led me to Thee! In the absence of truth The characters and their themes Each character is equipped with one or more themes and birdsong. A number of themes: This announcement and birdsong precedes all the appearances of the Angel. A number of themes: A theme pace dochmiaque, nasty, agitated, which will turn into dance for joy at the end of the third table, and return to the final light, when the singing of the Resurrection in the eighth and final table. In his own theme song: "I'm afraid on the road ...." At a melodic theme very simple and pure, supported by arrangements transposed to rollovers. Is accompanied, in some caricatured by the glissandi of the strings and trombones, the notou, bird of New Caledonia, and the rhythms of sour Reed Warbler. At a theme song, played by the horns and strings, it is often interrupted by Philemon (bird monk), the Isle of Pines, given to all wood. Messiaen incorporated into his opera more than thirty songs of birds he has observed and recorded during his many travels around the world, which it awards one or more instruments: News, 31/10/08 at the representation of the Paris opera in concert version Distribution and voice
Sound Equipment
Booklet
Synopsis
Act 1
Act 2
Act 3
The Angel
Saint Francis
The leper
Brother Leo
Brother Masseo
Brother Elijah
Brother Bernard
References ornithological
Names of birds Location of observation and notation Intervention in the opera, corresponding instrument 1 Capinera ( Blackcap ) Carceri, Assisi Table 6 th 2 Robin Carceri, Assisi 3 Troglodyte Carceri, Assisi 4 Thrush Bevagna, Umbria 5 Skylark 6 Blackbird 7 Song Thrush 8 Garden Warbler 9 Nightingale 10 Oriole 11 Linnet 12 Cuckoo 13 Wood pigeon 14 Turtledove 15 Reed Warbler Brother Elijah reserved 16 Kestrel Table 5 th, St. Francis warns of the arrival of the Angel 17 Subalpine Warbler Galeria Corsica 18 Rosefinch Sweden 19 Bluebird Delphi, Greece Table 3, the end of the dance of the Leper (3 xylos) 20 Little Owl Table 1, parable from Saint Francis 21 Tawny Owl beginning of the 7th table 22 Eopsaltria (Nightingale Yellow-bellied) Isle of Pines Table 6 th 23 Philemon (bird-monk) Isle of Pines 6 th table, often accompanies Brother Bernard, all wood 24 Gerygone (Warbler Yellow-bellied) Isle of Pines Above all the appearances of the Angel, piccolos, xylophone, glockenspiel 25 Gammier Isle of Pines Table 6 th 26 Wheatear Grey-headed Morocco 27 Phone Tschagra Morocco 28 Notou New Caledonia 29 White-eye New Caledonia 30 Lyre-bird Australia Ondes Martenot, 5th table 31 Haka ( Sparrow Gray-headed) Japan 32 Fukuro ( Ural Owl ) end of the 3 rd table 33 Uguisu ( Bouscarle Japan) Nikko 34 Hototoguisu (small gray-headed cuckoo ) Karuizawa 
Discography
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