Saint Die

The modification of habitats is considerable in sometimes less than a century, leading to dramatic changes in the flora and fauna. The water meadows of the Meurthe, wetlands and valleys once appointed, the fields and hay meadows of the hills have disappeared. These manmade environments for millennia were often abandoned to scrubby wasteland or forest or completely taken over by the forest, but especially so visible to a zoning urban space eater in the form of housing estates or residential areas accessible by roads paved. Flora riparian , that of dry thickets and hedgerows of the hills remain, however, relict form in the spaces waves, forgotten by the developer led plan.

The disappearance of wet meadows has eradicated many predators typical of this habitat, such as frogs , the snake , the storks and otters. It has greatly reduced many once abundant species of fish as well as toads and newts. Toads of the valleys, leaving many victims crushed by the wheels cars, continue unperturbed their spring and fall migration. The birds of open fields as the shrike , the insects of the prairie as crickets meadows were largely victims of abandonment of ancient cultures.

Lime tree planted in the canonical neighborhood around 1350, but especially hierophany immemorial by the stone bold

The big winners are the animals favored by the urban sprawl areas and forest cover . Thus, at night, it is not unusual to see the hedgehog along a wall near a hot garden, Marten sneak into the trees, the fox on the road began its nocturnal journey to the city, the pipistrelle bats flitting around streetlights snapping at passing winged insects and moths attracted to light. The tawny owl which breeds in urban parks or gardens flies banally the city in search of rodents to feed her young. By day, a few deer , some herds, graze near homes, the nozzle is monitored on a high perch or hovering flight with his characteristic or peregrine falcon hunts by surprise flocks familiar houses. At night fall, flocks of wild boars off in a suburban area of their crazy adventures here and there marking the ground with their feet and their snouts.

Place names

Toponymy current keeps track of a multitude of places, hamlets and farms near the small town of Saint-Die. The vast majority of secular names, apart from concrete Featured customary use rights, property or facilities are old Gallo-Roman names of the first century, like the surrounding rural lands.

The countries of the south bank of the Meurthe surrounded the suburb of Old Market, formerly the heart of the St. Martin Parish: The Bolle Foucharupt, Hellieule, The Faing Sainte-Marguerite, The Motresses, Prichamps, La Prairie, The Stems. They adjoined the farm: The Red Stone, Cherry, Chartreuse, Channel, The Bihay, The Balon, The Mnantille, Monplaisir Rupt Gout, High Mount ...

The districts on the north bank of the Meurthe surrounded the town of Saint-Die, once surrounded by walls and surrounded by suburbs like St. Charles and Saint-Eloi: the Behouilles the Breuil, Dijon, Gardens (area Beaujardin) Grattain, La Fontenelle, Three houses (beyond the Faubourg Saint-Eloi) Varcose. Farms, many of whom are already in the thirteenth ^century, were: The Gardens, The High Garden, Vine-Henry, Paradise, Purgatory, Hell, Behouille, Wood-Basselin Tower Bayard became Malakoff Tower ...

The Three Cities, deanery given as compensation for war damages by the Duke of Lorraine in the chapter of Saint-Die in 1225, is an area of three countries ( Marzelay , The City, The Fishery), who have always kept together a strong individuality. They do not seem to belong to the bank to its founding saint Die .

Elm Tree: Saint-Die mountain?

Finally, an old town hall was Robache the ban St. Die, independent under the old regime, including differences Rtimont, Robache, raids Robache and panties with farms: The Behouilles, The Ghoul, The Gouteau, Taste , Ortimont, Saint-Roch (chapel), Tower Of ... gaping localities Chapelotte carriers, that is to say, small statues of the Virgin or saints local toponymy scored since medieval times. The area of Elm from one or several elms Chapelotte. Nearby there was a trail of tree of the Virgin, another Oak Lady. Preservation of tree names is not exceptional in the Vosges names, but it is limited to ancient sacred places in Christianity again later.

Neighborhoods officials have taken a large share of these names.

Municipal Highways, roads and opening up

The municipal roads is highly developed. This network of roads testifies to the vitality of the mountain hamlets that the city has embraced.

The town is the meeting point of two roads from Nancy to Colmar and Epinal to Strasbourg. Nancy is 85 km, Strasbourg 89 km from the neck Saales , Colmar 57 km from the Col du Bonhomme , Gerardmer to 29 km by the neck Martimpr Epinal and 49 km from the Col du Haut Jacques. The city has enjoyed after the 1980 opening up a road, a bypass route avoids. But the four-channel device is still too confined locally or stops at the border of the department. The opening of TGV Est in June 2007 puts Saint Die des Vosges in Paris in 2 hours 20 minutes (one round trip daily).

Panorama seen from the heights of Kemberg

History

Valleys and hills above sites contain scattered settlements and ancient. The archaeologist will not find any sites only period Tne. A multitude of indices indicates an early Neolithic presence and intensification of land use 5000 years ago. If the forum or fanum according to the authors, that is to say, the Old Market St. Martin has delivered the ^nineteenth century few remains of houses solidarity backed by walls filled with pits after a fire around the year 90 have delivered ore melted, best known for the excavations, a plateau crossed by a murus gallicus and protected by a rampart, is the camp of the Bure lived at the time Gallic , Gallo-Roman times by a family of blacksmiths and its employees . The camp serves as a refuge for as long height, true oppidum in times of unrest and wars. In the Gallo-Roman late, it features a large statue wearing a Jupiter overthrowing the anguipde a great beacon visible from the ancient Roman road, Via salinatorum .

The glorification of St. Deodat (Prot, 1662 ).

Place of Assembly of a ban mountain

Enough away from the market route, the inhabitants of this part of Chaumontois Christianized long before the ^seventh century come together to found a religious ban that receives the privileges of immunities of Austrasia King Childeric II . The ban St. Die whose immune privilege are confirmed and may be enlarged by Thierry IV or III Childeric probably includes the highest part of the valley to La Bolle Meurthe and the valley Fave upstream of the prairie Hellieule to the first BEULAY.

The foundation recognized by a royal privilege in the year 669 is associated with the work of St. Die . This legendary figure, holy man named Bonhomme long by the people, is primarily associated with the Petit-Saint-Die, area under the rock St. Martin , an old trail that leads to neck and above the eponymous mountain path dotted with fountains saint Die linking Hunawihr the first of Colmar in Saint-Die by the biennomm Bonhomme pass . Some former residents of the Faubourg Saint-Martin before 1890 knew the old monastery of the coast below St. Maarten and above the abundant sources of Petit-Saint-Die. Deodat or Dieudonn is also considered by the more orthodox religious tradition as the founder of the monastery of joins, where now the whole cathedral .

This ban is controlled by a Christian congregation or ecclesia, composed of all men capable of carrying a weapon, including religious if any She chooses her councils of elders or saone moving annually to date and place fixed in the area ordered by the ban St. Die, she may also meet exceptionally. The Sane justice seems to be revered above all other powers and throws are the most respected. The meeting is also designed St. Die in the mode of thing Germanic Ding Merovingian. The initial meeting seems to have been born at the same time as the fair instead of fall and spring, selected on the prairie Hellieule. Important political meetings are held at the equinoxes , while the predominant religious festivals, apart from the first days of specific months of November, February, May and August, are based solstices. Elections are held outdoors, hands. Part of the functions is chosen at random from among candidates of the same age.

Wise men, elected ordering the correct justice and peace, withdrew north on Mount Ortimont or round. They listen to the speaker of laws and judge without appeal. They control or disavow south young and old warriors assembled in the vicinity of St. Martin Wood. The good women or midwives, the guardians of family values and divination, exercise in the east between the mound and joins the Rochatte Fairies. They judge, scold and comfort the condemned, the captives temporary and loose women, who are kept in the west near the massive current Madeleine. The bold stone, which could be practiced ordeals by fire, recalls the feminine power . Such a temporary meeting place is not necessarily inhabited.

The Etichonids , owners of the legendary Merovingian power, have allowed willy-nilly this organization, charging also collect tax on their profits. This is not the first case of Ppinides and Carolingians, a restaurant royal treasury authoritarian and strict religious tithes, apart from war levies exorbitant. They require administrators, often religious Orthodox Benedictines, alongside soldiers who suppress any independent political life at the Ban Saint Die . The legend of the founding of the monastery reminds Joins appeasement of Charlemagne. It is safer than the soul of his father Pepin the Short / A> go to paradise and brings together a dozen monks to pray for this climb under the patronage of St. Maurice. It restores in part the right of assembly to involve male warrior forces young men.

The hagiographies of St. Die successive claim that the monastery was dreamed Joins Deodat. Beyond legendary hagiographies, the first monk quoted by the archives' Marcinam black "appears under Pepin and Abbey has no function .

Reformation and the birth of a canonical Collegiate Church

Around 962, the domination Ottonian , conservative and strictly punishing differences accepted the status quo, requires a transformation of the place in terms of religious canons. In 964, the first Duke of Upper Lorraine Frederick I , the last big hunt recalcitrant monks and confirms the appointment of canons, a kind of secular priests othodoxes at a meeting of college under the guidance of a dignitary of Justice, which will take in the ^twelfth century the title of grand marshal. This assembly gets the job of Justice of Saone. The Archbishop of Trier continuation of the royal tradition confirms the collegiate and privileges of immunity and exercise quasi-episcopal jurisdiction over the space of the former grand banking. But Bishop Gerard of Toul scrupulously his episcopal rights and asserts control over a portion of the temporal goods of the monastery. He obtained the Emperor Otto I the Great in particular the preservation of the shares on mineral production, especially the right to mint coins in 967 on behalf of the monasteries of St. Maurice and Moyenmoutier. The Bishop of Toul to maintain its dominion throughout the ^eleventh century when the college guardian of the shrine holy Die soon progressivemnt 1006 adopts the popular name of the holy founder of the ban.

A Legend has it that the future Leo IX , Bruno Dagsburg-Egisheim, be appointed, before becoming Bishop of Toul , provost of the chapter of Saint-Die in 1026. The pope, who knows better and Toul Moyenmoutier was able to visit the monastery after the Council of Mainz. But the pope's family, that of Dabo-Egisheim , has played an undeniable role in protecting the point of giving later part of his shield, the three roses to the band, the chapter of Saint-Die. Leo IX, pope at the head of the college his brother Valrade confirms and increases with the support of the Swabian Emperor privileges of the collegiate chapter.

The college, which seems to preserve the achievements of prior art or diminished autonomous political bodies, however, asserts its independence vis--vis the Bishop of Toul, since it pays a penny gold token to the Apostolic See. But conversely the provost obeys the hegemonic power outside the old ban. The first dukes of Lorraine's house involved in this political game and confessed overlord; replace it increasingly to the Bishop of Toul.

The powerful Abbey Moyenmoutier has condoned the seizure by his solicitor, the Duke of Lorraine, public property managed from the small monastery St. Maurice. In exchange, it seems to have been men and lands taken over the old bank dismembered Gondelbert , particularly the north face of the Ormont Hurbache at Ban-de-Sapt , and rights Provenchres and dependencies . It seems that taking protection under the holy pilgrimage Die, the monks of St. Maurice are enriched and partially emancipated Abbey mdianimonastrienne who had the guardianship to the point of wanting to change their name. The Duke and his officers were then assigned temporarily under the name of Ban-le-Duc huge part of the ban St. Die.

But the trial broke for denouncing the plundering of the territorial entity receiving royal immunities and privileges. While rifling benefit more than those vassals his dukedom, Duke Simon I in 1125 was forced to act by recognizing the reciprocal rights of lords and solicitors chapter. The archives demonstrate the dominance of the ducal family between 1135 and 1297. More than the last Benedictine monks banished or diminished by the canonical reform, the canons and parish priests of the ancient holy Die refuses ban the weight of this seizure, and reactivating the ban Christian gatherings St. Die, they are associated in a independent college and dissenting with respect to the provost power to organize the twelfth ^century rebellion against the hegemony or ducal stately public good. They reconquered by any means, excommunications, feudal wars, purchases, exchanges, negotiations, support, strategic alliances ... much of the bank and robbed of their parishes regained control of the monastery of Joins, obtaining recognition of ducal power which integrates much to his college. These defenders of civil identity in the twelfth ^century, causing the reappearance of the Ban Saint Die. In the thirteenth ^century, the ducal preferred to gradually build on its land, play the association financial and jointly develop all bans, rather than putting his prerogative to universally recognized evil warrior in striving to quell internal wars or rebellions eternally recurring. Hence the sense of autonomous land of the Collegiate, which is preparing for a long struggle, had managed to stay directly under papal authority .

In the shadow of the Collegiate

The citadel and monastery in the thirteenth ^century imagined by Gaston Save , in 1881.

In 1266, an association of the collegiate church of Galilee with the Duke of Lorraine Ferry III , legendary protector of the citizen, can establish a lower town. The first Saint-Die is the parish of Sainte-Croix, which is to say, dedicated to the Holy Cross , which is based from the fortified city already high on its mound. The large and luxurious houses canonical, former winter residence of members of the college, there accolent south-west of the great stone church dedicated to St. Maurice and St. Die, beside the cloister of wood or galileum. The dominant axis of the lower city is constituted by the single main street runs through the middle where the Robache channeled straight. Its left bank of the canal adjacent mills, captured upstream of the Meurthe the great stone gate, the chapter is, houses with beautiful storefronts and arcades Saxon goldsmiths hide district, near the city of high religious. The bottom of the right bank, except the chapter on the farm which became Hidden Street is recognized ducal possession. The Duke holds power overlord erects the castle of the Court in the southwest quarter of the lower city and the surrounding lush gardens and Breuil. Topics Lorraine rivaling those of Chapter built a front line of tall houses with arches overlooking the main street.

Excavations have proved the continuity of this tiny town consisting of gardens and even backyards where casks adjacent wells. The Strata XII ^century is made up of pebbles of Meurthe . The town surrounded by high walls and moats powerful is the eminent domain power to the Collegiate. The canons are powerful and rich characters that lend to lords or religious need.

The parish of St. Martin is also based in the same period in the early thirteenth ^century, its center is a small chapel next to a St. Martin hospital dedicated to St. Die close to an old pen-shaped houses with round heart draws an organized market on Tuesdays and Fridays. Residents say long after the Old Market for secular activities or the old hospital for the care of the poor. . The small chapel, promoted parish church adjoining the old hospital much more spacious, placed at the entrance to the suburb also houses temporarily unlucky travelers and merchants. The hospital's suburb run by a canon under the supervision of his peers lazar different control of the valley and especially the nearby leper colony of the Madeleine.

The growth of the city is fast after the erection of the wall encircling the lower city in 1289 and quickly reached five hundred inhabitants, the wealthy get confirmation of their rights of citizenship by charter in 1310. But the chapter is concerned about losing the serenity of his contemplative life and takes the guise of an abortion in 1320 to hunt the small Jewish community established in the XIII ^century by the Duke. The ducal power, it also became anti-Semitic, does not support them. The hundred Jews which is the fifth of the population intramural left in fifty years a traditional cemetery, the Highlanders have long respected and preserved stony aster under the name of the Lower Valley and the Jews. In reality, the religious power is exacerbating an economic downturn felt from the early fourteenth ^century. The population, even after being reinforced by new favors, remains long below five hundred inhabitants. The city that appears in the manuscripts as sancto ad Deodato has no market power, but enjoys a great reputation and religious prestige.

The Black Death occurring in a world already experiencing a long economic crisis ravaging the country after 1349. Villages and Hellieule Fave disappear from the St. Die ban which began to be called Galilee Valley . For the fourteenth ^century a powerful college divides the temporal from the Val de Galilee with the Duke of Lorraine . After 1320, the canons, whose first representatives originally had no more wealth than just priests of the ban gathered together under the aegis of power, cumulative emoluments and benefits and elect a solemn atmosphere in a powerful administration with a dean, a Sonrier, a schoolmaster ... They have become masters of law and finance who lend money to other religious or poor farmers through advice factories. They are chosen from the richest and noblest families of Lorraine. The provost represents the direction of the prestigious college. After 1350, they placed themselves at the service of the papacy from Avignon and it's a lot of chamberlains and chaplains of cardinals who finds a quiet refuge in Saint-Die. These privileged religious, employing management practices Avignon, do not forget to increase the heritage of the college. Despite the epidemics, the brilliant period seems to continue, but it was quickly tarnished by the incessant wars Lorraine, the loosening of morals from 1371, the difficulties of the papacy in 1378 at the Council of Constance in 1414-1418.

Vautrin Lud seen by Gaston Save

Pierre d'Ailly , author of the image of the world or Imago Mundi, who served as a reference to the voyages of Christopher Columbus , is a Provost of Saint-Die, which seeks to redress the college .

From 1426 to 1458, Val and the city are occupied by Baden in payment of the dowry of Catherine, daughter of Duke Charles II of Lorraine. The husband, Margrave of Baden Jacques, representing the ducal authority resides with his wife Catherine in the castle of the Court that they turn into a palace surrounded by beautiful gardens and walks on the banks of the Meurthe. Manager picky, it becomes the enemy of the chapter, he brings it.

During the invasion of Burgundy 's Bold in 1475, the college opts for neutrality and opens its doors to the invaders. Lorraine seat on the return of Duke Ren Winter 1476/1477 allows them to switch sides. The end of wars with Burgundy essentially leaves a rich collegiate save, which derives income from vines and mining, land and crop husbandry Galilee Valley, areas and possessions Chaumontois and Alsace. She manages the rent increases and investments. But the rich chapter forget to clear itself of its defense coy to sing the praises of the victorious Duke is now engaged with the nascent state Ducal. The Duchy of Lorraine, for the appointment and administrative preferences, was quick to control the remnants of a distant chapter independence.

Albert Ronsin, bibliophile and historian of the book, liked the idea formulated by back Gaston Save a scholarly meeting called Vosges Gymnasium reunited in the rich canon Vautrin Lud , Attorney General of Mines of Lorraine, had addressed the description of the Earth. Lud patron has at least one long symposium in 1507 , where his nephew Nicolas Lud, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemller , Professor and the Alsatian humanist Mathias Ringmann and Latinist Jean Basin decided to share the editorial tasks of a series of maps Earth. In an online presentation booklet, Introductio Cosmographiae the word "America" appears - a tribute to a copy of a detailed description of the Florentine navigator, who had defected to Spain after the disallowance of the discoverer and viceroy of the Indies Western Columbus , near the community of the Roman curia, Amerigo Vespucci - to describe the continent discovered. Series of maps of the new world or novus Mondus that mention the word america are printed in the workshops Rhine. During the Belle Epoque, the Company Philomathic Vosges , who had amassed documentation since 1880 and advanced an erudite explanation of this initiative, proposed that the city take the nickname the "godmother of America." The U.S. ambassador nodded and Franco-American celebrations were held in 1911.

In the ^sixteenth century, the rise of the silver mines and enriches the college allowed the many villages supplying materials or hosting of the workforce to thrive. Signs warning of problems by the end of the century, a detachment of Imperial troops leaving the siege of Metz, where the army has failed the old Charles V besieged in January 1553 Saint-Die. Residents and refugees bourgeois behind their defensive walls follow the orders of Captain Jacques de Reynett Duke. The firm resistance despite the procrastination of the venerable Pacific Chapter receives harassment of mountain people who hate bands Soudair force to clear out, not without having first plundered despite the surroundings. The Ride of Australasia in 1555 allows the king of France Henri II to seize the three bishoprics of Lorraine to protect against the Great Kingdom imperial aggression . After that date, the economic situation is gloomy. The decline of mining, then after 1590 , an abrupt climate cooling paralyzes the peasant economy. The supreme council of Lorraine under Chales IV gives satisfaction to the citizens requesting the establishment of a city council. Its order of 1628 establishes rules in a room of the town: "The citizens of Saint-Die to elect a majority of votes eight of them, every three years to the day of Wednesday fat. These elected officials will deliberate on this for the good and benefit of the community of Saint-Die, but these discussions will be on the provost of Duke and Sonrier or chief of police, always appointed by the chapter. Said council will be held in City Hall, the venerable and have the correction of their subjects and take the offender to fines and other emoluments of high, medium and low justice, mistakes and crimes committed by them there. But this court will not extend outside the city and suburbs, not even for something communal. "

The administration of Charles IV, which then reform its administration of justice within the framework of a bailiwick created in Saint-Die is delayed by the emancipation of the chapter topics to weaken and limit the jurisdiction of the temporal power of the canons. But the war came suddenly in 1633. Saint-Die powerless is devastated. The Thirty Years War , leading his retinue of soldierly and epidemics ravaging across the crossing points in common. The French, allied with the Swedes, roam the land of the mountain in 1633 and 1639.

The settlement at the pre-war was only reached in the early eighteenth ^century. During that time, the walled city had very little progress. Long, Holy Cross Parish did not exceed one thousand inhabitants and sometimes all the neighboring villages with the parish of St. Martin or a few large villages surrounding areas can compete with his business. No parish can not compete with land and financial wealth of the upper town. The only main street hosts vendors of neighboring towns who live a few decades, then leave. In the sixteenth ^century, the filing of Viandier is still a branch of a merchant of Bruyeres , better placed on the wine route. At the end of the seventeenth ^century, the parish came to the threshold of a thousand inhabitants and over in the eighteenth ^century with the decline in the power of Lorraine. Saint-Die remained primarily a city of religious prestige for Lorraine. After the devastation of the Thirty Years War in the 1640s, the Capuchins settled in the old castle ruin and the Court in developing the part of the ducal city, partly abandoned.

Creation of a French town, center of delegation

Very early, before the eighteenth ^century, French troops have enjoyed this tiny mountain town between Alsace and Lorraine plain. In 1670, French troops hunt the old Charles IV. Louis XIV created a Public Prosecutor at the city council appoints a mayor and royal attempts to completely join the chapter to the bishop of Toul. Caring a fig administrative reforms, the soldiers are resting in peace, enjoy the healing waters of the Petit-Saint-Die, plunge in the summer or in the Meurthe Fave, frolicking in pretty firm in the green hills of Saint-Roch, Kemberg or Ormont and struggling to find good bread and victuals in the lower town. Their officers are wary of market towns rather Lorraine and enjoy the lush mountains of Saint-Die and places of pilgrimage. They actually protect a place of transit and temporary fencing, but they must make, and all the fragmented lands of Lorraine, the Duke of Lorraine in title, Leopold , nephew of the Emperor of Austria after the Treaty of Rijswijk in 1697.

During long periods of occupation of Lorraine, the French military have yet constructed or built strategic roads, which connect Barrois in Alsace. In particular, developed between 1680 and 1695, a road up the valley of Liepvre, crossed the Col de Sainte-Marie, joined Saint-Die in the direct line and win Rambervillers, city of Metz and therefore French, over the Col du Haut du Wood . At the end of service, former French military, often distant or various European origins, married daughters of the place and settled in small groups in Saint-Die employed or Lorraine. Saint-Die began a long-term growth, correlated with the growth and traffic routes.

In the early eighteenth ^century, French military preserve rights of way related to the enclaves of bishoprics, still control their strategic routes, while being forced to open to traffic Lorraine. But the administration of the duchy is not picky and simply connect Saint-Die in Luneville while encouraging the improvement of local roads scalp. Abandoning the military prerogatives, first model is anxious to highlight the duchy. To increase long term revenue, it must first, as soon as possible, repopulate lands deserted by introducing temporary exemptions and exemptions from various taxes, or duties . The chapter of Saint-Die powers moribund diplomatic efforts despite the incessant hostility of Louis XIV convancre papal authorities to transform the college into a bishopric to avoid the growing authority of Toul.

The French returned after purchase the Lorraine in 1734 and elect a director of Waters and Forests original Lorraine M. Bazelaire, which is favorable to the French party, to administer them according to how the delegate created in Saint-Die. They gradually transform the city by providing administration and justice larger .

In 1757, the city is in flames. One hundred sixteen homes were destroyed on July 27 after a long hot and dry, eight homes and then disappear again on 6 September 1757 , . If the French authorities left the former king of Poland and Duke of Lorraine, Stanislas Leczinski , stepfather of Louis XV , play the patron with a donation of 100,000 francs for reconstruction of the facades, the Ducal decree of the council tax raises an Special 100 000 in Lorraine rudely lifted. This fire can rebuild the city of stone and large between 1758 to 1761. The government imposes many chores carts to farmers in the delegate, and a special duty on lumber. The architect is responsible for imposing Carbonnar an urban plan. It deletes the old market stationed near Saint-Martin and is spread by a bridge on the main street. It creates the current axis rue Dauphine and rue Stanislas which cross with the main street. There is room for the northwest corner of a blazing city hall next to a theater. It removes the streams channelized or not it is channeled. Trades are placed fire authority in the Faubourg Saint Eloi. It develops the travel facilities and even cleaning the streets paved with simple water diversion channel upstream. The city is worthy of hosting the robe and state governments. Saint-Die, civilized place to live but also a place of refuge for victims of the harsh mountain climate, with 6000 inhabitants, and soon may consider 10 000 at the end of the century with the progress of manufactures and activities of iron working.

On the death of Stanislas in 1766 , the Lorraine , under the planned agreement on the sale of the duchy, was annexed to France. The city council Saint-Die raising a public monument to the glory of Stanislas, King's stepfather. The French are masters of the country long ago and are considering redrawing the map of the dioceses and finally oust the collegiate church of Saint-Die. They are cutting back on one of Toul to install after 1776 , an episcopal see in Saint-Die. The King of France created the fourth largest diocese Lorraine after Toul, Metz and Verdun .

A common administrative

During the Revolution, Saint-Die is a neat old town . It has a nobility of its keen interest and became the chief town of a district on which nine townships: Saint-Die, Raon-l'Etape La VOIVRE, tival, Saal, Bertrimoutier, Laveline, Fraize and Saint-Lonard. This area is growing with the addition of the Principality of Salm-Salm annexed in 1793, which splits to participate in the formation of two townships Vosges, in amalgamating with municipalities and especially Alsace Vosges, the Township Senones and The Broque Township .

Men and women of religious orders, mostly, outside the privileged, bringing aid to the neediest people are asked to evacuate the buildings religious nationalized. They are compensated on an individual basis, in part to the movable and immovable property seized. After 1793, if they persist in the Catholic faith, they are hunted. Rapidly de-Christianization , the cult of Reason is proclaimed and Christian worship is banned: Bishop Chaumont fled his sumptuous palace and its beautiful gardens Episcopalians in the night, a few canons or refractory priests, who have neither wanted to emigrate, or swear on the Constitution, find shelter with friends or relatives, and hide to worship.

In 1793 , under the Terror , as the decree of the Convention. The council decreed the appellation invoking its highest mountain Ormont . The silhouette of the Ormont replaced for some time the cross of Lorraine on the crest of the city. The Capuchins , an order typical of poor cities, driven away, lose their land holdings, particularly the ancient castle of the Court, its houses and large gardens to the west of Grand Street, joining the national assets and are sold. Part of the religious buildings is bought by industrialist reformed native of Mulhouse Sebastian Lehr, who installs a manufactured fabric.

The other shrines, like the little church, chapels adjoining the city, are partly decommissioned. Ecclesiastical possessions declared national assets are sold to other citizens, who want to invest, in speculating on land, but the worsening economic crisis, famine threatening the urban population, monetary inflation cause disorders and revolts. Contagion win campaigns. Everywhere, personal property, including sacred objects, chalices, monstrance, baptistries precious stolen or sold. The cloister is a prison, as looters and arrests of political opponents and former officials, may have fueled the mob continues. Rich and poor of the old regime find themselves pell-mell into prison, hurriedly arranged in an enclosed, the cloister of the cathedral. The guillotine is operated in the cities of Lorraine, but especially by re-educate the jailers beating and mistreating prisoners.

The small church stripped of its layers of ex-voto is converted into fodder shed. The symbols of the ancien regime are banned, religious and administrative records piled up in appalling conditions which are not taken to Epinal are entrusted to the archivist Gravier who, after carefully collected pieces of history could be preserved in later sold as a part of old paper and burns the most degraded parts. The library of the bishop is preserved. After this furious era remains twelve thousand volumes preserved in the reserves.

Charles Hugo Spitzemberg, former director of the richest banking Saint-Die, a noble who did not emigrate, is jailed. Running away easily with young inmates of the cloister, he isolates himself because of his injured companions, he suffered foot and leg. He lands in a hedge behind the mound of joins. It is terminated by a poor old woman who saw him, caught and cut to pieces by a mob at the Cross Prichamp.

If the size of the chore and the fee has gone and the property has become sacred, the exercise of outstanding taxes war succeed while the currency to lose value gradually imposed any economic function. Requisitions in kind overwhelm the rural, old crafts are implementing quotas and the new municipal authority lists of supplies to military use. Everywhere, bells are melted for casting guns.

The new town of Saint-Die has become a large forest common . But it declines relative to Epinal, which monopolizes power and departmental institutions. The bishop of Saint-Die is abolished in the year X.

The new town of Saint-Die, however, is taken over by a propertied middle class close to the lower nobility of dress, eager to order. She has already confiscated the beautiful forests and the most important sources in the delimiting of Commons. It impeded the emancipation of legitimate small surrounding communities, and the three cities, and even Robache Grattain are attached. Saint-Die has become a large forest common .

Plus que par ces premiers brillants faits d'armes, immdiatement suivis de pillages honts et d'enrichissement colossal en Italie, c'est par un coup de gnie politique que le gnral dictateur Buonaparte devient un homme politique de premier plan, le Concordat , autrement dit la restauration solide du culte catholique aprs un accord avec le pape. Un espoir touche les chrtiens qui tentent une entente avec l'ordre public, cette rconciliation satisfait surtout les possdants qui souhaite un rgime d'ordre stable. Par cet apaisement social, le retour des exils est possible.

Un chef-lieu d'arrondissement montagnard

L' arrondissement de Saint-Di est cr en 1800, prenant la place de l'ancien district. Ses cent neuf communes forment dix-neuf cantons : Brouvelieures, Nompatelize, Raon-L'tape, Allarmont, Senones, La Broque, Plaine, Rothau, Le Puid, Hurbache, Sales, Bertrimoutier, Laveline, Fraize, Grardmer, Granges, Corcieux, Saint-Lonard et Saint-Di.

Avant le dbut de l'Empire, en 1804, une accablante ignorance de la jeune population se constate. Fait presqu'inaperu sous la Rvolution, l'accaparement du budget d'glise supprimait les rentes pour les coles, en particulier leur entretien et parfois leur fonctionnement. La ville entreprend de crer le collge et participe modestement un nouvel essor scolaire.

Aprs la retraite de Russie en 1812 et la dfaite de Leipzig en 1813 , les troupes allies entrent en France, la ville se livre aprs quelques escarmouches d'units de hussards au sommet du Concours, plateau de Dijon au-dessus de l'actuel hpital. Les chevaux sont dcoups et ple-mle mis en terre dans la proche valle de Varcose, ct du battant de la taillanderie qui a fourni les outils de dcoupe. Une quinzaine de militaires dtuniqus sont enterrs sur le champ du combat, bois quelques annes aprs par des alignements de marronniers. En 1815 , le dpartement des Vosges est durement ranonn aprs la bataille de Waterloo.

Les hospices et l'hpital de Saint-Di sont tenus par les surs religieuses de l'ordre de Saint-Charles. La ville retrouve un prestige oubli avec le rtablissement de l'vch de Saint-Di en 1824. Un grand sminaire s'installe la Richardville.

Sous la Restauration la bourgeoisie vit de ses proprits foncires. Elle s'allie avec des marchands de bois, des hauts fonctionnaires du royaume, et bien plus rarement, avec des membres des professions librales et des notables ruraux. Mais dj, le dclin des notables en place s'esquisse. Les artisans du mtal, les marchands et fabricants de toiles protestants, les entrepreneurs d'atelier rassemblent une population industrieuse dont le pouvoir progresse.

Signe de cette mutation, alors qu'une communaut rforme se forme aprs 1826, une dchristianisation catholique s'amorce insensiblement. La petite ville provinciale est toutefois chahute par d'anciens militaires dmobiliss de l' arme napolonienne , souvent de haut rang, par exemple les amis du maire de 1829, le gnral Guye. Les hantent aussi les campagnes et amplifient la lgende napolonienne.

En ville, l'industrie et les manufactures s'y dveloppent. Les cotonnades tisses et teintes de Saint-Di, en particulier apportes par le savoir-faire de la famille Lehr aprs la Rvolution, commencent gagner une notorit lorraine qui ne se dment pas au cours du sicle. La monarchie de Juillet poursuit les efforts de mise en valeur des routes. En 1837, un marquage net entre ville intra-muros et campagne apparat avec l'instauration d'un octroi.

Entre 1830 et 1840, une intense activit conomique commence d'animer les communes rurales. Elle doublent parfois leur population, construisent ou reconstruisent mairie, cole et glise. Celles qui montrent la plus grande vitalit contribuent former une nouvelle paroisse. Avec l'cole et l'instituteur, sous le contrle du prtre ou de religieux, l'alphabtisation progresse trs rapidement. Il a pu tre montr que le petit pays natal de Jules Ferry a peu profit de ses lois sur l'cole gratuite, laque et obligatoire .

Une petite ville industrielle

Autour des annes 1850 , aprs une longue crise d'adaptation, une bascule rapide permet au monde industriel en croissance d'absorber les migrants paysans des hameaux voisins . Le dynamisme industriel, ailleurs enclench ds 1830, permet un essor des campagnes, les gros cultivateurs et leveurs, fermiers ou propritaires, s'enrichissent. Fonderie et chaudronnerie renforcent petit petit leurs activits. La ville fabrique des toiles de cotons, des siamoises, des mouchoirs, mais aussi de fers, de planches de sapins, de papiers, de potasse. Elle possde deux blanchisseries. Le march agricole coule de grandes quantits de grains, du lin et du chanvre, de nombreux bestiaux et de la quincaillerie. La ville administrative et bourgeoise contrle les carrires et les dernires mines de fer et de cuivre sur son arrondissement.

L'arrive du chemin de fer en 1864 partir de la grande ville marchande de la valle de Meurthe, Lunville , permet de maintenir la croissance, malgr la guerre de Scession . L'clairage au gaz illumine le centre de la petite ville. Un vritable organe de presse pour l'arrondissement, la , nat en 1869 de la rencontre de personnalits locales, parmi lesquelles Georges Freisz, diteur et imprimeur et Henry Bardy, pharmacien fru de culture et d'histoire. Les transports ferroviaires accroissent les changes et imposent des contraintes horaires et techniques lors que le flottage du bois dcline.

Plan schmatique de la Saint-Di industrielle en 1896

Lors et aprs la guerre franco-allemande de 1870 , la ville est occupe du 19 octobre 1870 au 2 aot 1873 ; elle voit ses habitants soumis de nombreuses amendes et rquisitions. Saint-Di dont l'arrondissement est amput par le trait de Francfort de la valle de la Bruche ragit au marasme conomique qui suit le retour de la France. La ville redploie lentement son administration et ses services. Ses citoyens prennent foules d'initiatives prives. Les autorits franaises laissent cette raction, permettant la cration d'une socit savante, en l'occurrence la Socit philomatique vosgienne. L'immobilier est ractiv jusqu'en 1885. Les industriels trouvent des dbouchs leurs cotonnades et leurs produits sidrurgiques.

La ville dote d'un tribunal de premire instance, d'une chambre consultative des arts et manufactures, d'une inspection forestire, d'un collge communal et d'un vch parvient pratiquement doubler de taille entre 1860 et 1885. La ville peut envisager de franchir 20 000 habitants avant la Belle poque . Une fabrique d'aroplanes nomme Avia s'installe rue d'Alsace au dbut du XX ^e sicle, profitant du savoir-faire en menuiserie industrielle et en structure mtallique.

Affres d'aprs-guerres : retards et dclins

The Between the two World Wars

Despite a few years back economic growth in the mid- 1920s , the town that the rhythm of the cotton spinning and weaving mills, foundries and mechanical engineering and the manufacture of wire mesh, can not halt its decline .

U.S. cotton prices ignite. Those uncertain of coal, an indicator of the cost of energy, play with a yo-yo. The reduction in demand and the arrival of competitors in the French market, including Alsatian, causing a severe recession in 1920 and textiles in 1921. From 1924, an economic recovery taking shape. The real improvement is in the steel and foundry trades that benefit from strong demand from transport, especially cars.

In Saint-Die in Lorraine as a service economy and leisure takes consistency after the war. Apart from some specialized branches, local industry can not keep up. Apart from banks and public works, small businesses and artisans better meet this demand, particularly in construction, fashion or various agricultural transformations that flourish with peace.

Accuse social contrasts with renewed vigor while the state tries to social protection. The State renews its contribution to development with the military cemeteries, including the military cemetery of Rods, services or liberated areas agricultural engineering.

Expanding recreation, including fishing and hunting, by causing applications prefectural decrees that she had driven since the beginning of the century, the destruction or retention of artificial species.

Panorama de la Roche Saint Martin in 1935 (Document Company Philomathic Vosges )

In 1936, the town had 2786 houses, occupied by 6084 households. There are according to the census 19 964 French and 351 foreign individuals.

The Second World War

The city was occupied by the German Army from 22 August 1940 and will part with all of Lorraine, the area planned recolonization German term.

The area of the mountain end of 1944 was the last bastion of the regime Petainist . Cantons have received a high density of forces of repression. Gestapo torturers Nazis, militia forces, who controlled a region inherit a district Vosges. Hotels in Saint-Die and houses requisitioned by the authority swarm of officers and senior representatives of the regime Petainist. Radio Paris tries to make his latest broadcasts from an antenna mounted atop St. Roch .

Deportations and executions are spreading at the slightest indiscretion. This does not prevent the fighters from the shadow of a train derailing tanks, amputating a dozen German heavy tanks Dompaire.

The Germans do not want to give the first heights of the massif. Slavic ethnic recruits or the Wehrmacht , Hitler, young soldiers teenagers mentored by more experienced sections take a position on the heights and sweep people to their sites.

Liberation

After the release of Epinal, American troops are growing more difficult. Especially in the mountains, as evidenced by the battle of Bruyeres and difficult approach of American troops wading in the Meurthe below Saint-Die, constantly pounded by German artillery.

The German strategy of scorched earth and systematic deportation of civilians began Champs September 16, 1944 . It continues in most localities of the mountain and Saint-Die is no exception.

The right bank of the city is partially burned and dynamited in November 1944 by Slavic troops engaged in force Wehrmacht. November 4, fifty Dodatiens hungry and out of their caves to collect the meat of dead horses. German soldiers strafed the blind and are six dead and two wounded. On 16 November, flamethrowers Section Commander Schwenker dodatiennes burn houses.

Contrary to legend, this destruction are not the only and do not represent a third. Historians estimate that the long and intense American bombing had previously a similar destructive effect. Finally, owners, anxious to collect damages, and shall obey the architects shave what's left, particularly sections of walls intact, which could accommodate flimsy or easily reconstructed .

The slow reconstruction

Reconstruction is slow in a country economically lowest in 1947. The theorist architect Le Corbusier proposed a project in the Ministry of Reconstruction : a city assembly of large towers in the center of the valley and houses dotted the hills recreation. But the shortage of equipment and funds hampers the initiation of this accomplishment state. Different associations or meetings of owners and residents are shocked and eventually come together around the plan simple, practical, achievable by the architect Paul Rsal .

In 1946, the cement is rare and the bases of temporary housing can be made in wood . Early 1952, rue Thiers is still a friend of stones. The slow reconstruction of the heart of the city begins. 1952, rue Dauphine and begins to revive a first house appears rue Thiers. Few people can return to the center under reconstruction, but the vast majority of people who did not leave the city live in shacks. The camp opened in 1944 Vaxenaire and begins to empty from 1956 was one of the largest camps muddy. The heights of Henry Vine-covered wooden barracks the plates disjointed network without water or electricity, in 1948 to resemble a sprawling slum that many people try to quit often in vain . This is the daily reality of most people of Saint-Die.

In 1954, the statue was replaced by Jules Ferry in front of the cathedral, signaling the end of the rehabilitation of the stone rue Thiers. However, reconstruction is not completed and many homes will never be rebuilt. Symbol for the delay and left empty, the part of the old upper town, including all cathedral and episcopal palace, was reorganized into the mid-1970s. If private farms were rebuilt in 1948 and large camps or barracks rows of docks are already dismantled in the early sixties, many people do not rebuild their houses before the war. There are still discrete barracks on the outskirts of the city.

At the end of the war and economic crises that follow, Saint-Die is a wounded city. The economic gap of twenty years has ever been caught .

Historians have, among other documents, a multitude of photographs of the old Saint-Die and its surroundings. Both types of landscapes have been eradicated by the destruction of the massive real estate end of 1944, and the phasing of crops and livestock, often hastened by suburbanization. The heart of the city, formerly held a popular urban culture, was also transformed .

Blazon

Weapons of the Collegiate Chapter and St. Die are: gold band Azure three silver roses.

Today it is based on the crest of the bank's former ducal town St. Die, described below:

1) Azure, a cross of Lorraine gold skirted an S and a D as well, bound with a ribbon gules over all.
( Malte-Brun , France illustrated, Volume V, 1884)

2) Azure a crenellated tower of gold, surmounted by three gold pins.
(Malte-Brun, France illustrated, Volume V, 1884)

Demographics

Between 1990 to 1999, net migration was negative by 785 people, despite a cumulative positive balance of 719 natural population: births are not sufficient to offset the departures.

According to INSEE, the urban unit of Saint-Die includes six town: Sainte-Marguerite, Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe, Tain, Nompatelize, and Remomeix Coinches. The population was 27 392 units in 1962 and 29 443 in 1999. The urban area , composed of 34 municipalities, were 40 231 and 45 708 on those dates.

Economy

Saint-Die in the late ^nineteenth century was a small industrial town. Today, most service activities is under the control of the state: hospital, schools and educational institutions, public or private. Some big public centers have become the largest employers. Industrial enterprises which have provided radiation to the city during the second half of the twentieth century have disappeared or have been, some are partially delocalized in Eastern Europe. The fabric was suitable for a craft less favorable tax burden in the peripheral municipalities ^Social

Saint-Die-des-Vosges belongs to the diagonal urban poverty in South-East Lorraine . This last set also has Luneville , dormitory town of Nancy, Epinal, a victim of its attraction on the continuous axis Moselle. The long economic decline of Saint-Die is confined and does little because the birth rate since remained at higher rates during the sixties in the Vosges mountains whose soil the further west are being desertification. In recent years, falling dodatienne population has grown. In two years, a thousand residents have left.

Unemployment rates and real cumulative unemployable are above 20%, but these are mostly low-skilled youth, the aging of the population, the sclerosis of the initiative, many retirements of the most off to the south of France, which penalize the city. Young couples to settle in good earnings growth to surrounding communities to flee the high tax rates. In Saint-Die-des-Vosges, over 55% of tax households pay no income tax.

The city balance its budget in part through grants from the state. To keep those from a plan contract reserved for towns, it must maintain a minimum population of 20,000 inhabitants. The maintenance of social housing, particularly a fraction of the buildings the roof Vosges , is a de facto necessity. Note that the rate of population is owner of about 35%. The average annual income per household in 2001 totaled 13 774. What characterizes all of Saint-Die des Vosges is a large disparity in income between people, compared to other municipalities. .

Planning and utopias

The pattern of urban post-war architect Paul Rsal. Plans adapt to the disastrous situation of the economy and building the slow postwar reconstruction. While leaving voids later developed or receiving some trees and gardens, architect, planner promoted by unpredictability, has slowly reshaped the modern city, as seen from the sky or lookouts rocks. In particular, it has helped create opportunities and geometric alignments. In particular, the axis-cathedral train is from the readjustment of perspective desired by the architect. This axis was then refined by the latest achievements.

Many estheticians and amateur graphic arts to regret abandoning the project of the Ministry of Reconstruction ^Transport

The resumption of STAHV (Transport Company of the High-Vosges) by Connex took place in 2004. This new player plans to change the landscape of network transit des Vosges. Networks of Epinal , Saint-Die-des-Vosges and Remiremont have undergone changes. In Saint-Die des Vosges, the network formerly known as Urban UTD (Urban Transport Dodatien) became Dobus. It is operated by BusEst, a joint subsidiary of Connex and Piot who manages numerous networks in eastern France. New lines have been created and the park bus has been expanded and modernized with the introduction of minibuses and low-floor buses ( Mercedes Sprinter and Irisbus Agora Line ). The vehicles have the new livery DoBus.

The train station in 2006

• A deviation from the RN 59 with an expressway running along the foothills of Kemberg has reduced the traffic in downtown.

For over ten years, the effect of the road equipment is visible. By an effect of appeal, he valued areas accessible from the highway, installing and promoting rapid development of business parks and services. Thus the traffic congestion of the big truck was successful and the growth of activity on the prairie Hellieule took place at the expense of a downtown that has long been the lung of the city merchant.

• The Maurice Lemaire tunnel was reopened to traffic since October 2008 and serves to connect the upper basin of the Meurthe (the Dodatie ) to the Alsatian plain via Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines.

• A small airfield ( ICAO code : LFGY) located in the town of Remomeix.

• Saint-Die is one of the destinations of the East European TGV since 10 June 2007. On this occasion, the line between Nancy and Saint-Die-des-Vosges was electrified and station has been renovated (installation of a information system online , piers adapted to disabled, retail space station rebuilt, etc.. ). Speed TGV Luneville in Saint-Die is almost the same as the bus, for safety reasons related to the network structure. Comfort and fares are higher cons.

Administration

City Hall given the Freedom Tower.

The old town hall, rebuilt after a fire in 1757 , stood at the corner of rue Thiers and Rue Stanislas. His former pediment is still visible in the Parc Jean-Mansuy, almost space-Francois Mitterrand.

The new building is now facing the Freedom Tower.

The mayor of Saint-Die-des-Vosges Christian Pierret since 1989. Between 1997 and 2002 , having served in government positions, he was replaced by Robert Bernard (d. 20 April 2002 ).

Townships of Saint-Die-des-Vosges

Saint-Die-des-Vosges has been divided since 1982 in two cantons of which it is the county seat:

• the township of Saint-Die-des-Vosges-Est is composed of a part of Saint-Die-des-Vosges and town of Ban-de-Laveline , Bertrimoutier , Coinches , Combrimont , Frapelle , Gemaingoutte , Lesseux , Nayemont- les-Fosses , Neuvillers-sur-Fave , Pair-and-Grandrupt , Raves , Remomeix , Sainte-Marguerite , Saulcy-sur-Meurthe and Wisembach (19,390 inhabitants);
• the township of Saint-Die-des-Vosges-Ouest consists of a portion of Saint-Die-des-Vosges and town of La Bourgonce , Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe , La Salle , Tain and The VOIVRE (17 732 inhabitants).

Twinnings

The city of Saint-Die-des-Vosges is twinned with:

• Arlon ( Belgium ) since 1962
• Friedrichshafen ( Germany ) since 20 October 1973
• Lowell ( USA ) since 1989
• Lorraine ( Canada ) since 1990
• Zakopane ( Poland ) since 1990
• Meckhe ( Senegal ) since 1991
• Cattolica ( Italy ) since July 1997
• Crikvenica ( Croatia ) from 14 July 2006

Along the Meurthe , a wooded course and developed is called "Walk twin cities."

Personalities linked to the city of Saint-Die

Statue of Jules Ferry

Historical figures of Saint-Die:

• Jean Fredel , captain of men at arms to 1420.
• Claude Bausmont Bauzemont or , lord and cellarer Saint-Die (circa 1430-1477). This old soldier deaf left to perish without noticing in January 1477 Charles the Bold, who tries to escape from the battle of Nancy.
• Vautrin Lud (1448-1527), canon patron saint of the brotherhood Sebastian, Attorney General of Mines of Lorraine and patron of a probable transient Vosges Gymnasium in 1507.
• Matilda mother, a teacher of the Benedictines of Perpetual Adoration (born Catherine Barre in 1619, died in Paris in 1698)
• Jacques Augustin (1759-1832), miniaturist painter born in Saint-Die.
• Dieudonne Dubois (1759-1803), member of the bar, then the Council of Five Hundred in the Year IV and the Council of State in the year VIII.
• Wish Nicolas (1773-1799), colonel of engineers born in Saint-Die
• Nicolas Philippe Guye (1773-1845), general and mayor in 1829
• Father Anthony, a missionary born in Canada in Saint-Die
• Leo Career (1814-1877), chief physician of the hospital and geologist, forester's father Paul.
• John Romary Grosjean (1815-1888), musicologist and organist of the Cathedral
• Bardy Henry (1829-1909), chemist, founding president of the Society Philomathic Vosges
• Emile Erckmann writer who lived in the castle of the Hermitage between 1870 and 1880.
• Jules Ferry (1832-1893), lawyer and politician, born in Saint-Die, died in Paris and was buried in the cemetery of the right bank in Saint-Die
• Gaston Save , painter and writer born in Saint-Die
• Rovel Henry (1849-1926), painter and meteorologist born and died in Saint-Die
• Descelles Paul (1851-1915), painter born in Raon.
li> Victor Franck (1852-1907), a photographer born in Saint-Die, he makes stereoscopic views in the Vosges

Families attached to Saint-Die in the nineteenth century:

• Bazelaire family of Lesseux (descendant of the first sub-delegation Bazelaire)
• Charles Hugo Spitzemberg (or Spitzenberg), lord killed in the Revolution and his son serving officers of the king of Wrttemberg.
• Lehr family and relatives (industry, particularly manufacturers of textiles, reformed religion originating in Mulhouse and Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines)
• Antoine family (stonemasons)
• Families and Stephen Ferry-Ferry (industrial or owner related to Jules Ferry)
• Family Mirbeck (painter and architect)
• Family Weick (photographer, editor and bookseller postcards)

Contemporary figures:

• Gabrielle Baron (1895-1986), writer, born in Saint-Die
• Ferdinand Brunot (1860-1938), grammarian and linguist born in Saint-Die
• Julian Leon Griache (1861-1914), Brigadier General of Artillery born in Saint-Die
• Baldensperger Fernand (1871-1958), professor of comparative literature born in Saint-Die
• The brothers Grollemund, polytechnic and Brigadier General Marie-Joseph (1875-1954) and Marie-Paul Vincent (1879-1953)
• Charles Victor-Antoine (1881-1959), sculptor and engraver born in Saint-Die
• Peccatte Charles (1870-1962) painter born in Baccarat, curator of the first municipal museum in 1924
• Oh, Albert Marsh, writer and historian, columnist, an insurance agent by profession
• Baumont Georges (1885-1974), professor of classics, volunteer librarian and local historian
• Yvan Goll , pen name of Isaac Lang (1891-1950), poet and playwright, speaking German , having spent some years in college at Saint-Die, where he was born.
• Evrat Paul (1899-1956), former military archaeologist, entrepreneur and patron-founder of the museum of Saint-Die in 1944 after its destruction.
• Grandblaise Henry (1894-1976), businessman and collector.
• Trimouille Georges (1907-1977), plant manager and president of the Society Philomathic Vosges.
• Jean Stoetzel (1910-1987), sociologist, founder of the FIFG.
• Jacques Brenner (1922-2001), writer and critic born in Saint-Die
• Ronsin Albert (1925-2007), bibliophile and historian of the Conservative Book
• Roger Souchal (born 05/04/1927), member of Meurthe-et-Moselle from 1958 to 1970
• Robert George (1928-1999), painter and art teacher at the Lyce Jules Ferry Saint-Die
• George Tronquart, literature teacher and leader of the excavations of the Bure
• Ballereau Henry (1929-2008), architect, urbanist neighborhood Kellermann and inventor of modular concepts for an international group of hotels.
• Pierre Didier, painter born in 1929
• Bareth Christian , Germanic columnist and writer.
• Rene Revert, pottery and ceramics specialist born in Saint-Die
• Bernard Bodelet, oto-rhinologist (former department head at the Hopital Saint-Die)
• Christian Didier , born in 1944, the assassin of Rene Bousquet.
• Jean-Pierre Helmlinger, painter born in Saint-Die in 1945, art teachers at Lyce Jules Ferry Saint-Die.
• Maxime Benot-Jeannin , writer, born in 1946.
• Jean-Claude Fombaron, Postcard and historian, host of cultural associations.
• Norbert Lefranc, ornithologist interested in the history of wildlife, a French specialist shrike , and the boreal owl and Capercaillie in the Vosges.
• Jean-Marie Cavada , journalist and patron of television was part of his studies at Saint-Die.
• Julien Lepers (born 1949), presenter of Question for a Champion, spent part of his childhood in Saint-Die, educated at Collge Sainte-Marie.
• Alex Di Rocco , born in 1970, former professional football league 1.
• Sylvain Dufour , snowboarder born in Saint-Die in 1982.
• Xavier Pentecost , born August 13, 1986 in Saint-Die, is a young professional footballer French. He plays center forward. It evolves Toulouse Football Club since June 2001 (Loaned currently SC Bastia in Corsica).
• Laura Miclo , athlete, born May 23, 1988 in Saint-Die.

Known political representatives at national level:

• Maurice Jeandon , former deputy mayor.
• Christian Pierret , Mayor, former Secretary of State and former MP

Heritage and Tourism

Celtic camp of the Bure

Cathedral

The Freedom Tower

The city has received a label "resort" in 1998 , and the value of its heritage assets - in addition to the attractiveness of the Vosges mountains - appears among its priorities. The city has been called the "godmother of America" by a New York journalist, Henry Charlesau early twentieth ^century. The first map of the New World was designed by a coterie of five scientists, dubbed the "GYMNASIUM VOSAGENSE" which the cartographer Martin Waldseemuller attracted scholars and humanists in 1507 by the canon of the Collegiate patron, Walter Lud, Master General of Mines Councillor Lorraine and Rene II, Duke of Lorraine (1473-1508). Recognizing the merit of Amerigo Vespucci who first recognized that the lands newly discovered by Columbus were not India or Asia, but truly a new part of the world, they called the new continent America in a small publication Saint-Die des Vosges, Sunday, April 25, 1507: the "Introductio Cosmographiae" which accompanied two maps, a globe giant mural in 12 printed sheets, and a printed board 12 time to cut and set on a wooden ball, to achieve a globe pocket. The only surviving copy today of the universal wall map is now exposed in the Jefferson Building Library of Congress, Washington, DC, next prestigious release documents that make up the Declaration of Independence of 4 July 1776 and the Constitution of the United States of America. Today we recognize 4 copies of the map-globe into 12 zones: one at the University of Minnesota (USA), 1 in Munich (Staatsbibliothek), 1 in Offenburg (Stadtbibliothek), and the final copy, now in private hands was sold in 2005 at Christies in London. .

• Since 2005, a private tourist complex moved into the prairie Hellieule, Geopark. This tourist center, open every day throughout the year, has a center of road safety. A ring is used in cold seasons, a center of learning to driving on ice.

Culture and education

The education under state control obeyed different national requirements. After 1914, the necessary social concern of the inter-war period. It is changed after the war more strongly to match a face to fit temporary changes in lifestyles and especially economic factors. During the 1970s, technical education is supported by the State, that replaces the training in schools of local businesses, for example in the metallurgist Ghent.

Artistic Life

Many famous painters or fine arts enthusiasts declared, asserting their individuality, sometimes imbued with a religious solemnity, reflect the aesthetic craze of generations of Dodatiens. Small associative structures have allowed the expression to the most favored. In part by birth margin popular art group Vosgien, created and directed by Albert Ohl Marsh, however, revealed the wealth of contributions in local sculpture and painting.

Associative

Volunteers of the company walks trace, renovate and maintain the trails, the Flying Club Remomeix initiates flying techniques during the inter-war period. Rare volunteer researchers exploring the field, studying the nature or collect popular memory, confront the archives. Lectures and conferences, the Company recognized specialties Philomathic Vosges and theatrical declamation in other venues or commemoration, marking these uncertain times of the thirties when the radio is invited in the home.

The peak radiation philomats was achieved under the presidency of George Trimouille, particularly during the early years of retirement. Searches of the Bure particularly animated by Georges Tronquart attest this boom.

A break in the early seventies marked the growth of cultural institutions. It is due to a handover, partially realized, between volunteers and permanent bureaucratization. Boosted by the influx of men and means permanent institutions reach a climax fast, before retreating in the 1990s.

Library

Saint-Die-des-Vosges has a media city and two small annexes in the districts of Kellermann and Saint-Roch/Orme. The division into three sites, the amount of money (206 000 documents, including 90,000 in the heritage collections, 283 periodical titles and 12,000 audiovisual materials) is unusual for a small town. Today, the library promotes access to information resources through its multimedia areas, its online subscriptions, but also remote access to its catalog.

Brief History

From 1790 , two members of the board of the district demanded the creation of a library from revolutionary confiscations. The library, then installed in two rooms of City Hall, offering readers the 6460 volumes collected at the old abbey Premonstratensian of tival. At that funds were added books in libraries of religious houses of Saint-Die, those of the Capuchin Seminary and Chapter or the diocese or 200 to 250 volumes, reinforced in 1807 , 487 books from the Benedictine abbeys of Moyenmoutier and Senones.

The initial background of the library is 6894 volumes recorded in 1814 grew very little during the nineteenth ^century, apart from the legacy Schutzenberger Ferry in 1880 .

The library has been the subject of the voluntary attention of its users, advocates and leaders, in particular the Company Philomathic Vosges who left since 1901 collections. They represent more than one third of the fund at that time. The library has received large donations since the ^nineteenth century (E. Ferry Schutzenberger, Finance, Baldensperger, etc.).. George Baumont , philomats frequent volunteer at the filing, former president in the early thirties, has resumed after the war load philomats Librarian Augustine Pierrot. In 1934 , the office of Jules Ferry (furniture, records, correspondence) shall be deposited by the Sorbonne. The collections have been enriched by two funds Surrealists in 1977 : the legacy Claire and Yvan Goll (books and manuscripts) and Maxime Alexandre.

Books and Readers

Albert Ronsin librarian after 1961 , expanded the site reading and consultation, thus facilitating individual access to the file, thanks to the relocation of the street after 1970 Hellieule of the premises in the Rue Saint-Charles. He has tried to attract researchers and Alsace Lorraine, while developing a library to serve everyone. The reading public was growing from the postwar years, the library, after 1960 , has hired staff while maintaining its support volunteers. It was later distributed in neighborhoods popular Kellerman and Saint-Roch.

The mixed permanent / casual volunteers exchanges between readers and researchers, publishing sheets encounter with a print shop installed permanently, especially on the sheet "Regard" helped to increase attendance and reading rate of the city has reached the level of national excellence in 1977/78. However a slow then a rapid decline characterized the leisure activity that the municipality after 1990 , wanted only popular. For example, the Hall of volunteer researchers was transformed by the use of classroom schooling, instead of reading newspapers or magazines, and more rarely the usual consultations and old collections before being reduced and displaced.

The museum of Saint-Die

The first museum of Saint-Die at the initiative of the Company Philomathic Vosges born in 1875 was opened in 1876 as a small museum, mineralogical, and then in 1878 as an art museum in touch with the Department of Fine Arts from its inception. Management is the responsibility of the learned society and premises are the floors of the mayor who supports the initiative. Rows, then scattered and forgotten during the First World War, the collections amalgamated during the decades before the war were then combined and then strengthened by new acquisitions of the city. Honored with the Legion of Honor , the municipality wanted to maintain the premises of his town hall a place of commemoration. She therefore moved between 1919 and 1921 the library, and the Company Philomathic Vosges in local street Hellieule.

The Municipal Museum was inaugurated in 1924. The post-impressionist painter Charles Peccatte had managed the museum of art and painting since 1907. He began serving the township in 1919 and redesigned a new museum for the town hall: he is officially appointed curator in 1925. Her museum has gone by the war in November 1944 on the eve of liberation.

A new museum has been partially restored slowly in the aftermath of the destruction of the city is the result of a partnership between the municipality providing local street Hellieule and Society volunteers Philomathic Vosges, among other anonymous, that retrieve documents or valuables scattered encourage the voluntary donation or suggest acquisition of prestige to the municipality. The letters of the wife of President Paul Evrat reflect the tireless work of her husband in favor of the Company Philomathic and its new museum. The old learned society account especially great collectors, and Henry Grandblaise reported to the City a lot of opportunities and facilitate the acquisition of its own coin collection. Large local collections of great interest for their quality and richness have been purchased by the City between 1959 and 1967. They joined such collection Ferry, exit intact from the war and increased by a significant deposit of the Sorbonne in 1955.

The Company Philomathic Vosges donated in 1949 then in 1957, works and documents it had collected and has continued to provide expertise and to showcase collections. Thus, the librarian Albert Ronsin as such is responsible for managing the museum. It offers the early 1970s extended its location next to a new library in the old Episcopal Palace.

The present building, which became the Muse Pierre-Noel, was built from 1973 to 1975. The first exhibition opened March 5, 1977, Albert Ronsin was appointed curator of the new City Museum, featuring local resources and employing permanent staff. Gradually, from 1978, the collections "permanent" were implemented with a phased opening to the public until 1987. Previously approved "museum controlled" by the Direction des Muses de France. Museum Pierre-Noel got the brand new label "museum of France" ¹ October 2003 following the Museums Act of January 4, 2002.

Education

The rate of illiteracy is higher in urban 10% and illiteracy wins . The quality of public education has also fallen. Some schools or colleges yet recognized in the 1970's among the best of Lorraine and therefore attractive fell off today . The inclusion of students from Valley Bruche , reminiscent of departmental boundaries before 1871 and the language border, had also persisted until the 1980s. The private sector more reluctant to reform the waltz, has kept the quality of the eighties and now attracts young families anxious to school education in the borough, accentuating coup against possibilities of recovery undertaken by institutions public.

The town, the capital district, boasts a wide range of educational institutions, secondary education or technical, most recently, education. These entities form an educational center serving the district. The state and to a lesser reason the town of Saint-Die by mobility aids, also give their support to private structures, well represented in the city.

IUT de Saint-Die-des-Vosges

• Four public high schools and two private high schools:
  • Lyce Jules Ferry
  • General and technical high school and vocational school Georges Baumont
  • Vocational College Jacques-Augustin
  • "School of Beauty Garden
  • Private vocational school Our Lady of Providence
• Three public colleges and two private colleges:
  • College Jules Ferry, sharing space with high school
  • Joseph-Desire College
  • College Vautrin Lud-
  • Private College Our Lady of Providence
  • Institution Sainte-Marie
• A branch of the Graduate School of Science and Technology Engineer Nancy : CIRTES
• An Institute of Technology , IUT Saint Die des Vosges
• An engineering school, the Higher Institute of Design Engineering (INDIC)
• An Institute of Nursing Education (IFSI)

Festivals and Events

Capital World Geography

The International Festival of Geography , abbreviated FIG, has been organized since 1990. The Festival Steering Committee in agreement with the municipality has retained the four days the first week of October. Discussions are often held preparatory science in Paris. At the end of the week festival is presented including the price Vautrin Lud, recognized by the international scientific community as the price of Geographers 'Nobel' of geography. In particular, the exhibit area of scientific work since 1995 is one of the few high places for meetings of researchers at national geographers.

Beyond the popular event supported by the highest representative bodies of Geographers, the organizing committee did recognize the price " Vautrin Lud "which crowns the work of a geographer emeritus as the highest distinction in terms of geography, discipline which there is no Nobel Prize.

Every year, from July 7 to 13, takes place the week of Freedom , organized by the municipality and built around multiple demonstrations in the streets or scenes assembled on site.

Since 2006, the town hosts the festival Drop'n Rock. Following years, he organized in June or July at the Geopark or at the Parc des Sports.

In 2008 the Geopark runs from June 21 to 22, the third edition of Arofolies, air show which has gathered more than 13,000 people .

Sports

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