Saint Denis (Seine Saint Denis)

• Currency: Montjoie Saint Denis!
• The blazon of Saint-Denis: azure fleurs-de-lis gold.

Blason de Saint-Denis

Coat of arms on the facade of the post, Rue de la Republique

Common Boundary

	Epinay-sur-Seine Villetaneuse	Pierrefitte-sur-Seine	Stains
	Ile Saint-Denis	N	La Courneuve
		O Saint-Denis E
		S
	Saint-Ouen	Paris	Aubervilliers

Geography and districts of Saint-Denis

Map of the early ^twentieth century , showing the downtown and neighborhoods north of Saint-Denis.
It is clear also the hydrography of the city, bordered by the Seine , crossed by the Canal Saint-Denis , and with the marshy area north of the city, drained by the Croult and Rouillon. The Old Wed is no longer visible, having been nozzle.
The city is protected on the north by the Fort of Double Crown , whose walls meet, out of the plane, the strong easterly and Briche. The three roads that cross these fortifications meet at Dam St. Denis.
We also see the railway line Paris - Lille Creil , which separates the line Paris - Pontoise

Commune of Seine-Saint-Denis (93)

Location of the department in France

Saint-Denis is a town in the nearby suburb north of Paris , which it adjoins, the capital of a district of the department of Seine-Saint-Denis (93) since 1993. She was formerly a sub-prefecture of the department of Seine.

The Act of July 10, 1964 .

And poor industrial city long associated with pollution and dirt, the city has changed its face to win in 2004 the "Ribbon of sustainable development. " The city also has 75 acres of parkland, including the Parc de la Legion d'Honneur. Part of the Parc de La Courneuve is also on the municipality of Saint-Denis.

Following the redevelopment of the Plaine Saint-Denis , the city has seen a marked increase in the number of inhabitants: 85 832 1999, 103 742 2008, or 2.03% of average annual growth rate during the period.

The historic center

Between the Porte de Paris and the Basilica, the Park Legion of Honour House extends the education of the Legion of Honor, which occupies the buildings of the Abbey. The park was once the domain of the abbey before being reserved for girls of the Legion of Honor, then becoming partly municipal park in the 1970s.

Apart from the inevitable Basilica of Saint-Denis , flanked the garden Pierre de Montreuil , the center houses several ancient monuments of interest: Town Hall, St Denis de l'Estre Abbey royal porch of the Ursuline Convent, the ' former headquarters of the newspaper l'Humanit , designed by Oscar Niemeyer ...

Largest market in the Ile-de-France on Tuesdays, Fridays and Sunday mornings, the market hall reopened late 2006 after renovation. She now has a system for recovering rainwater for cleaning after the market, and solar panels for lighting.

The downtown is pedestrian since 11 March 2005 , and the pedestrian platform was extended in 2007.

A historical journey in 20 stations, between the Basilica and Stade de France , gave the keys to the history of the city.

Metro station Basilica Saint-Denis is in correspondence with the tramway T1 , near an urban supermarket.

Historical Map	Basilica	Republic Street	Market St. Denis
The former headquarters of Humanity , designed by Oscar Niemeyer	Bought in 2010 by the State, the former headquarters of humanity should host the Sub-Prefecture of Saint-Denis	Place of Caqueta and the Municipal Administration Centre	Islet VIII of the renovation of downtown

Franc-Moisin / Bel-Air

The Bel-Air is a neighborhood of small old buildings, often damaged, separated from downtown by the Northern Highway. It adjoins the district Moisin Franc, a large ensemble whose construction led to the removal of a large slum , and the strength of the East , one of the ancient fortifications which protected Paris.

This was populated slum families of the workers performing particular the Northern Highway , employees or North African Portuguese origin for many.

A time of bad reputation, the area was renovated and embellished. It is within this context that the film was shot The Dodge of Abdellatif Kechiche , which won four Cesars in 2005.

The district Franc Moisin and Canal Saint-Denis

From the East Fort (1841-1843) at the Stade de France , Bel-Air

La Plaine Saint-Denis / Cristino Garcia

Largest industrial area of Europe in the 1960s, the Plain has experienced a severe economic crisis with deindustrialization, which she has recovered recently, particularly enjoying the effect of image and dynamic construction of Stade de France. Since then, the neighborhood and that of Landy became one of the main areas of activity of the real estate business in the Paris region. Thousands of homes are under construction or will be built in the 2000s, creating new residential areas.

Economic activity deeply changed from the heyday of the industrial plain, have several points of support, particularly around the site General Stores (EMGP), Docks Liquor renovated or built the station in 1998 on the RER line D, which are installed in companies like Generali, Arcelor and some directions from the station.

The area also hosts major training centers, with the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers , Maison des Sciences de l'Homme Paris-Nord, and around 2014, the new high school in the Plain.

The Cristino Garcia District, located near the station La Plaine - Stade de France is also nicknamed "Little Spain "because of the strong immigration Spanish she knew at the beginning of the twentieth ^century, immigration resulting in a first time of the exodus of Spanish families coming to work there, especially for companies in the chemical sector.

However these are the times of the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923 - 1930) and the period following the victory of Franco's troops after the Spanish Civil War that led many Spaniards to come and reside in Saint-Denis build a community here, which is still important.

Limit in Aubervilliers, Plaine Commune Square landscape of the Popular Front, which is served by Metro Station ( line 12 ). The southern part of the Plaine Saint-Denis will be better connected to Paris and Aubervilliers. The tram line T8 also eventually irrigate the area, which will be built in limit on Campus Condorcet in Aubervilliers.

A new area between Canal and Stade de France

Memorial to veterans of the Spanish Plains

Aerial view of the Stade de France and part of the Plaine Saint-Denis

The coverage of the Northern Highway has created a wide promenade that connects the two sides of the Avenue du President Wilson, who becomes a central

Pleyel

The Carrefour Pleyel in the early ^twentieth century was marked by the presence of the piano factory

The area is dominated by the Tour Pleyel

The neighborhood, separated from the rest of the Plaine Saint-Denis by rail facilities (lines from Paris to Lille , TGV Nord ...) derives its name from the manufactures pianos Pleyel , founded in this location by Ignace Joseph Pleyel (1757-1831) in 1807. The factory closed in 1960 (but reborn near Als ).

It is primarily a business district, notably around the " turn Pleyel , and secondarily residential. An office tower 128 meters high, built on the grounds of the former piano factory was inaugurated on ¹ November 1973 . She stands facing a major site of EDF. From 2007 , the district will host the draft City of cinema , led by Luc Besson , a former power station.

Of main roads and railway isolation from the rest of the city, the neighborhood has a tendency to turn more towards Saint-Ouen.
This site is served by Metro Station Carrefour Pleyel.

Cosmonauts

Neighborhood located east of Saint-Denis on the outskirts of La Courneuve , and connected to the rest of the city by tram

City Cosmonauts

Dam / Allende / Delaune

The area of the Canal and the Railway, and Delaunay-Belleville, are former industrial sites, such that plant Sulzer , heavy engineering company that produced including diesel north of the Rue du Port. This site will be transformed, to mark the extension of the line a href = "Tramway_d% 27% C3% 8Ele-de-France" title = "Tramway d'Ile-de-France"> towards Asnires - Gennevilliers - Les Courtilles , as part of the development sector Confluence

The area of Tartars, shared with Pierrefitte-sur-Seine and Stains is the site that will be transferred to the National Archives. The University of Paris VIII and the terminal station of Metro Saint-Denis - University are nearby.

The western area is formed by the Barrage de Saint-Denis (Place du General Leclerc), which was the strength of the Dual Crown , destroyed by an explosion during the First World War and where the RATP has built a leading deposit bus , the bus depot of Saint-Denis ^{Station / Delaunay / Belleville}

The station receives the traffic Fourth of the RER by its daily traffic of 60,000 passengers, and connects with numerous buses and trams T1 (third pole of multimodal transport, transport of all types combined).

The neighborhood is bordered by the station Seine and the Canal Saint-Denis. This is one of the neighborhoods of the city with the most dilapidated housing, poorly secured. However, efforts to eradicate substandard housing are beginning to bear fruit; Since 2005, several new property developments are springing up in the neighborhood. The extension of the tram to Gennevilliers committed in 2009, disrupting the operation of the district. The former industrial site of Sulzer plant, located between train station, Canal Saint-Denis and Seine will be transformed from 2009 to 2013 into a new urban neighborhood, the Confluence, which could include a marina on the Canal, made jointly with the City of Paris , from 50 to 60 seats .

More work to create the T8 , a new line of tramway from the Porte de Paris, Villetaneuse and Epinay-sur-Seine , starting in 2010. This tram will open up the area Delaunay-Belleville, directed to the northwest of the city at the site of the former factory of the automaker Delaunay-Belleville , which mostly consists of social housing buildings.

Settlements Delaunay-Belleville in Saint-Denis

Mutual / Champ Racing / Joliot Curie / Saint-Remy

The neighborhood takes its name Mutuality workers nearby, who at the beginning of the twentieth ^century, were made masons to build their houses on what were only gardens. Lack of personal contributions, they have pooled their financial and human resources to achieve their ends. This area, crossed the street by Henri Barbusse , is probably one of the most friendly of Saint-Denis. Down the street at the edge of Stains , is a field of vegetables which help to provide fresh organic produce in the heart of suburbia. The operator, Rene Kerse, which operates these fields as well as those of the neighboring area of Tartars, would be the last gardener of Seine-Saint-Denis

Between Mutuality and Joliot-Curie, the city is less pleasant, fractured by roads to four lanes and ditch the A1 motorway. It includes the Delafontaine Hospital.

Floreal / Saussaie / Courtille

Residential area on the outskirts of Staines and Parc de La Courneuve. Occupied mainly by the three cities Floreal (earliest 1962) and its neighboring Saussaie the north (1970-1971) and La Courtille south, plus a few houses around the three cities. The population is about 7500 people. The main equipment is the Stade Marville.

The Gates of Paris

Porte de Paris in the ^nineteenth century

The area of the Porte de Paris, circa 2005.
The bus station above the subway station no longer in service

Porte de Paris is a district of Saint-Denis (Seine-Saint-Denis). Node many routes, it is also a divide in the urban landscape of the city, which separates the inner-city of La Plaine Saint Denis Pleyel or Francs-Moisins. Site of Danielle Casanova hospital in Saint-Denis , there. The area contains built north in the 2000s many homes old and unhealthy, which sometimes gave rise to tragic situations such as deadlock Picou .

There are up to 2005 a huge roundabout with up to six channels, including trafficking of NR1 (nearly 45,000 cars each day, including 20,000 in transit), a bus station founded in 1976 with 9 bus routes the center of the roundabout, underground parking, a service station, a metro station on line , A canal, the highway overpass A1 (built in 1966 ) and its output to Pleyel. Everything except a place for pedestrians.

With the arrival of the highway A1 , then by the subway and the installation of the bus station, Porte de Paris has undergone many changes which have transformed into freeway interchange that creates a break between major urban Plain Saint-Denis and the rest of the city. The restructuring is a long term project that has generated much debate among stakeholders and residents.

The debate on the future of this area began in 1996 and the first projects are scaffolded in 1998. The fruit of these reflections is taken up by the urban community Plaine Commune , which is set up in January 2000. Started on 15 February 2005 , the work must be completed in 2011 to create a neighborhood that provides continuity between the pedestrian downtown and La Plaine Saint-Denis.

The objective of the municipality and Plaine Commune , assisted by the planner Antoine Grumbach , is to create a diverse neighborhood with homes, shops, offices, public facilities, provide more space for pedestrians, better interconnection between different modes of transport and traffic. Some, including the Committee of the Porte de Paris, regret that choice and would prefer the creation of a park between the Plaine Saint-Denis and the basin Maltourne Canal Saint-Denis.

As part of the redevelopment of the Porte de Paris, the bus station built above the subway station was moved in 2007 Rue Danielle Casanova. The planner Guy Henry, who worked on this project for years, has designed to upgrade the area around the track for the future tramway T8 , for which preparatory work began in 2009.

This site is served by the metro station Saint-Denis - Porte de Paris.

History

Foundations

^{City Merchant}

In the early ^seventh century, Dagobert rebuilt the chapel and priory high Sainte Genevieve in 475 , and created a show that became the ^twelfth century: Lendit fair , from the Middle Ages , merchants came there any the Europe and Byzantium , the fair was opened each year by the Rector of the University of Paris who came with great ceremony (he rose to the occasion right across the parchment for sale and the provision was necessary to all colleges).

The church was enriched with gold, silver, precious stones, and the dedication it took the 24 February 636. The original building is gone, but the remains have been unearthed in the excavations of 1860, such as Merovingian tombs exist under the pavement of the old apse of the basilica , where Dagobert was buried.

Pepin the Short was crowned in the cathedral of St Denis by Pope Stephen II , and died at the abbey in 769.

In 845 the Vikings attacked St. Denis during the Siege of Paris.

Hugh Capet was abbot of St Denis.

The church was rebuilt by Suger , who became abbot of St Denis in 1122 , advisor to Louis VI , and governed in the absence of Louis VII , who left the Holy Land. It was he who, first, put a king of France became famous under the banner name of banner.

Louis XI rebuilt almost entirely borne the sanctuary, transepts and nave. We rebuilt the ancient tombs located in the transept and choir of the abbey church, which for several centuries, was an object of admiration to visitors. This monastery, so to speak nationally, has always been the same reverence from Louis IX.

^twelfth to ^sixteenth centuries

On 3 January 1378, Emperor Charles IV, suffering from gout, arrived in Saint-Denis in a litter nobly harnessed, sent by Charles V. The procession arrives at the monastery, into which the monks are grouped to welcome the emperor and his son

In 1125 , liberation of the people by Suger , abbot of Saint-Denis, prominent adviser Louis VI and Louis VII , who rebuilt and enlarged the abbey. Interment in St. Louis on May 21 1277.

The Emperor Charles IV stopped there in 1377.

Charles V had to bury his faithful Duguesclin Bertrand , who died in Chateauneuf de Randon in 1380.

Charles VI went there often, and in 1389 , Louis and Charles , son of the Duke of Anjou, King of Sicily , there were armed knights. It was here that the first eulogy was delivered in a church (that of Duguesclin ) .

Though well fortified, St. Denis was taken and retaken during the wars of the Burgundians and Armagnacs.

In 1435 , the British captured it and took away gold, silver and sacred vessels .

On 10 November 1567 , Battle of Saint-Denis between Catholics and Protestants (the latter were defeated, but had time to strip the shrines of their treasures and desecrated the graves), the constable Anne de Montmorency was killed there.

The city also suffered wars of the League. She surrendered on 9 July 1590 to Henry IV , who abjured the 25 July 1593 in the abbey. The city languishes in the sixteenth ^century to the point of not counting more than 2500 inhabitants, until the next century before the installation of several places of worship inverts the trend. Marie de Medicis and it was crowned with the sacred chrism.

^seventeenth to ^eighteenth centuries

Saint-Denis to 1780 (Cassini map)

In 1648 , six institutions Rosires annual tradition that has continued until today. At the time of the Fronde, the city suffered looting, rape, murder and arson. Louis XIV created there spinning mills, weaving and dyeing.

In 1756 , built by Charles Axel Guillaumot the barracks of the Swiss (now extinct) who lived far from the inhabitant. Louis XV made frequent trips there to visit his daughter Louise-Marie Caramel and often crossed the city to go hunting in the Plaine Saint-Denis he traces the route of the Revolt to go to Versailles in Saint-Denis bypassing Paris.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau stayed in June 1767 , on his return to England.

In September 1792 , formation of the "battalion Saint-Denis," which was sent to Jemmapes.

On 17 September 1793 , the new regime renamed Saint-Denis, " Franciade ", a name which remained until 1800 , by decree, the Convention ordered the destruction of tombs of kings raised in the church. This was the time of the desecration of coffins royal.

From the ^nineteenth century to 1939

In 1806 , Napoleon ^I , by decree, the ancient church dedicated to the burial of the emperors, it instituted a retreat for the bishops over 60 years, and an educational institution for girls in legionnaires.

Taken by the enemy in 1814, Saint-Denis was one of the first to declare itself in favor of the Bourbons. In 1815, the city gave the same marks of love to the son of his former benefactors. In 1817, Louis XVIII ordered the remains of kings, removed from tombs in 1793, there were reinstated.

In 1852, Napoleon III meets the parish of Saint-Denis basilica chapter. The church as a whole, the date of the ^twelfth and ^thirteenth century, but since 1858, the sanctuary has resumed its original state.

During the 1870 war and especially during the siege of Paris , Saint-Denis, which was an important military position, was very experienced. The city of Saint-Denis was one of the points made in the defense line north of Paris. Part of the fortification is most exposed to attacks from ennmi was the Double Crown , who helped during the siege, and protected its fire, release directed at Pierrefitte , Stains and Le Bourget. The bombing was in the city, great damage but failed to destroy the defenses.

In the second half of the nineteenth ^century the trade , the crafts and agriculture gave way to heavy industry: at the end of the century, Saint-Denis had 80 plants with the oldest was a factory of metallurgy dating of 1784 (mill lead).

In 1896 , the election took place the first municipality socialist. It became a town "red" in 1920 after the split of the SFIO. The industry produces an influx of high immigration Brittany and Spain, especially because of the Spanish Civil War. In this working class city, the living conditions become even more difficult with the economic crisis of the 1930s.

The flooding in the downtown during the flood of the Seine in 1910

Hall generators of the power plant of Saint-Denis in 1912

Saint-Denis had a vocation maraichre important. Even today, a market gardener operates fields in the area of the Tartars, and sells its production to the market of Saint-Denis

Paris street

"Poverty is high in the city of the kings of France. There are over 4,000 unemployed. Thousands of Dionysian live in substandard homes. Tuberculosis, infant mortality reaching record highs (...) This means that the program of the Popular Front for bread, peace and freedom is experiencing widespread approval (...) On 5 June

Mayors Communists are elected until 1930 , the last mayor, Jacques Doriot , left the Communist Party in 1934. He was dismissed in 1937 , a list of the Popular Front led by Fernand Grenier defeating the first round on June 20.

The town can be divided into 3 zones:

• an industrial area south into parts of the Plains and Pleyel (some of these plants are out of works of art such as mosaics from the Pantheon, the Louvre, the Opera, the Madeleine, the tomb of Pasteur and that monumental statues like those of Notre-Dame de la Garde in Marseilles and the Paris Opera );
• the residential area to the northwest consists of large cities public housing that the city has built since the liberation;
• Finally, the shopping center, where the market hall occupies the site of the old workhouse.

During the Second World War

• 1940 : The German army entered the city on June 13. 2 897 soldiers residing in Saint-Denis were taken prisoner of war camps in Germany. The municipality is then directed by Marcel Marshall, a member of the French Popular Party of Jacques Doriot. From the June 15 is identified a first act of sabotage. On November 25 , the municipal council to rename the street of the Republic Street Marshal Petain. On December 6 , Auguste Delaune was arrested for acts of resistance and interned at the camp Aincourt , from which he escaped before being caught and tortured to death in 1943.
• 1941 : On February 27 , a German soldier is thrown into the canal Saint-Denis by two people. The May 14 is the first organized roundup of Jews by the Prefecture of Police. On May 15 , the clandestine leadership of the Communist Party calls for the establishment of a "National Front for the freedom and independence of France" in Saint-Denis, it will bring together members of different sensitivities. Several socialist activists involved in the formation of group Liberation North. " One of them, Lucien Bourriau, managed to save two Jewish girls. On Dec. 13 was arrested Marcel Paul , who later became minister of General de Gaulle.
• 1942 : On April 14 , an act of sabotage took place at the Hotchkiss factory, where management is actively collaborating with the Occupation and is Hours of Work 60 hours per week. On May 29 , the Jews of the city shall wear the yellow star. In October, several strikes take place in factories Hotchkiss, Cazeneuve Delaunay and to protest against the departure of labor to the German.
• 1943 : On March 23 , Dsir Lelay , former alderman for the city secretary of the union CGT of metal dies after escaping from an internment camp. In May and June, the birth of the local "liberation of Saint-Denis." On May 27 , Jean Moulin is the first meeting of the National Council of Resistance of where we find Auguste Gillot , who was elected alderman in 1937. On July 14 , a demonstration was organized by several hundred people shouting "Vive la France! "The result of denunciations, 35 youths are jailed.
• 1944 : The April 21 , June 22 , August 2 and August 7 , the city suffered bombing drives, especially in the district of La Plaine. There will be 355 people died and hundreds were left homeless. On August 17 , Henry Bulliard is mandated by the Staff of the resistance to train the troops who will take over the city, he received the backing of the company of 250-300 snipers and supporters of Roger Semat. On August 18 , barricades are lifted; bridges, railway station, gas plant and power station Pleyel are under surveillance of resistance. The town hall is taken on August 20 at 8:00 am, on the orders of the local committee of Liberation chaired by Fernand Vanhollebeke. On August 27 the troops of General Leclerc entered the city.

Postwar

After the Liberation, Saint-Denis knows, as the whole country, a major economic development, marked by the presence of a wide variety of industries (metallurgy, machine tools, graphic arts, among others) and many large institutions , starting with the gas plant Landy.

Entrance to the University of Paris VIII at Saint Denis in 1981

After taking some of the companies of the first industrial era of Saint-Denis, there are companies like Jeumont and Schneider, Thomson, Nozal, Cazeneuve or Languepin. St. Denis also hosts an establishment of SEITA, and several companies of the press, such as printing of the newspaper Le Monde and the Paris Print Printing company.

Economic development and population (the city has nearly 100,000 inhabitants in 1968) is also based, as was seen above, on the completion of many housing units, including slum clearance located in certain neighborhoods. Between 1948 and 1973, we construct more than 10 000 public housing in Saint-Denis.

However, the city was hit hard by the economic crisis in the years 1970 and 1980. Attracted by low rents and proximity to the capital, many immigrants settled there. La Plaine Saint-Denis was the largest industrial area in Europe is the largest brownfield site on the continent.

In 1980, Saint-Denis welcomes its territory the young University of Paris VIII , who founded shortly after 1968 in the Bois de Vincennes, just to be forcibly dislodged. He gives the location of an IUT, once razed, and rebuilt it in haste modern premises.

After 1998

Since the inauguration of the Stade de France , opened on 28 January 1998 , the city had experienced a severe economic decline is again booming, particularly in the district of La Plaine Saint-Denis. Momentum around the Stade de France was reinforced by the impact a href = "Coupe_du_monde_de_football_1998" alt = "World Cup Soccer 1998" class = "mw-redirect"> 1998 World Cup. This momentum has continued since 2000 in an intermunicipal structure (the Plain of France is the heart): Plaine Commune. This structure includes eight cities since 2005: Saint-Denis, Aubervilliers , Villetaneuse , Pierrefitte-sur-Seine , Epinay-sur-Seine (founding members), L'le-Saint-Denis , Stains (since 2003) and La Courneuve (since 2005). First chaired by the Mayor of Villetaneuse Jacques Poulet , Plaine Commune is headed since January 2005 by Patrick Braouezec , member and former mayor of Saint-Denis.

Beyond the stadium itself and the new image it gives to the city, acquired the remaining 1998 World Cup , as the extension of the line 13 of the metro to Saint-Denis - Universit.

Experience the many competitions held since the 1998 World Cup is an asset to the Paris bid for the Summer Olympics of 2012 , in which the city is very involved. Alas, the failure of the French bid has undermined the state involvement in certain transactions, such as trams and projects towards Sarcelles Villetaneuse.

In November 2003 , Saint-Denis welcomed Paris the second European Social Forum.

On 26 March 2006 , a poll illegal, but supported by most leaders of the Left was organized on the issue of voting rights for non-European foreigners in local elections. This poll found illegal by the Administrative Court of Cergy 23 February, was organized by the Communist mayor of Saint-Denis, Didier Paillard and supported by figures such as Franois Hollande ( PS ), Marie-George Buffet ( PCF ), Dominique Voynet ( Greens ), Olivier Besancenot (LCR), Arlette Laguiller ( LO ), Danielle Mitterrand ( PS ) and Mouloud Aounit ( MRAP ) ^{Hamlet of Saint Denis}

Houses of the Seine

In the nineteenth ^century , a hamlet in the town of Saint Denis, near the Briche , on the banks of the Seine.

In the ^thirteenth century , it was called Vicus Secano, and was ruined in the ^sixteenth century during religious wars. In the nineteenth century was a thriving hamlet .

Demographics

Sources ^:,

Economy

From 1975 to 1995 , Saint-Denis has a great industrial crisis in the district of Plaine Saint-Denis. The development studio visual - the territory is the main production center of national broadcasting , can not compensate for this bleeding. Awareness will lead to inter-create Plaine Commune , which will be strongly boosted by the construction of the Stade de France.

Since the 2000s , installation of new service companies, particularly around the Stade de France , resulting in a sharp increase in employment. There are 68,000 jobs and private projects on the city on ¹ January 2007 , which is the level that was reached at the height of the industrial period. In 10 years, Saint-Denis of 462 companies with more (+ 23%), including many service establishments: SNCF, AFNOR, Generali, Arcelor ... and a high number of health facilities (Afssaps Biomedicine Agency, High health authority, the French Blood ...). However, workers are often the site of employees from other areas and the rate of unemployment in the city remains very high (21% in early 2007 , 4,200 welfare recipients in 2006).

At the 2005 Cannes Film Festival , director and producer Luc Besson announced it has secured funding for the City Theatre , a center of professional theater , which must be equivalent hexagonal Cinecitta in Rome or Pinewood in London. The opening of the pole, on the former site EDF the Quartier Pleyel is scheduled for 2012 .

The budget amounted to City in 2005 to 183 million euros.

Transport

Transportation Infrastructure

The city is served by motorways A1 and A86 , as well as the Paris ring road. It is crossed by highways 1 , 14 and 186.

Several beams RAIL serve the city, with three stations and a subway line and a tram.

The Seine River forms the western boundary of the Commune, and the Canal Saint-Denis between the historical center of the city, La Plaine Saint-Denis. The river port has lost its importance, but the channel still has port operations in Saint-Denis, usually associated with concrete silos.

Saint-Denis is easily accessible via motorway A1 from the airports of Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Le Bourget (aviation only business).

Transit

The tram Enghien - Trinidad before the current Theatre Gerard Philipe. Shown here is the output of factory workers Delaunay-Belleville

In the early ^twentieth century , the city was a knot of lines of tram that connected the city to its neighbors (Epinay-sur-Seine and Enghien - Trinidad , Pierrefitte , Stains , Aubervilliers , Villeneuve-la-Garenne , Saint- Ouen and Paris. These lines have all been removed before 1938.

Rue Jules Guesde (old street Chateaudun)	Tram of Enghien-Trinidad , before 1909, before the current Theatre Gerard Philippe	Driving line 48 of STCRP Saint-Denis. This line, created by the STCRP (line F) in 1876 and adopted by the OGS in the index SDO circulated Dam St. Denis in the Place de l'Opera. It was abolished December 19, 1932	Tram to the Plaine Saint-Denis , the right of the Pont de Soissons, before 1906
Tram line SDS OGS (Saint-Denis Dam - Stains). The line took the No. 79 during the creation of STCRP, and was extended for a few months in 1923 at the Porte de la Chapelle. It was abolished December 9, 1935

Click on a thumbnail to enlarge

The tram station Gare Saint-Denis

The city is served by several major transportation lines:

• the railroad and the historic train station opened in 1846, but both stations recent Plaine Saint-Denis , Stade de France - Saint-Denis and La Plaine - Stade de France
• underground line , Arrived at Carrefour Pleyel in 1952, Basilica in 1976 and the University in 1998
• since 1992 ( )
• many lines of bus RATP.

The service has improved in 1998 (extension of line to the University of Paris VIII , new stations RER B and D at the stadium ...), but public transport trucks in the city remain incomplete. The residential neighborhoods of eastern stay away and links with surrounding towns difficult .

The extension of the line 2012, Station Popular Front for the Plaine Saint-Denis , on the edge of Aubervilliers , and later at City Hall in Aubervilliers ) will eliminate a black dot.

However the line , The main town serving the very overloaded and caused many protests from residents. The integration of one of the two branches north of the line in line At one time considered, finally the solution is an extension of the self online to the City of Saint-Ouen , crossing the branch Asnires - Gennevilliers line at Porte de Clichy and the station at station Saint-Ouen. This extension, with a length of 5.2 km, is expected to lower attendance in the northern part of the line about 25% ^, .

The straight Gennevilliers by Island-Saint-Denis 's in 2011 will finally open a real connection with the neighboring department of Hauts-de-Seine and the town of Gennevilliers (by Island-Saint-Denis ).

The realization of Flights from Paris to the Porte de Epinay and Villetaneuse committed in 2010/2011, but the southern section of the project, between the Porte de Paris, Saint Denis, the area Franc Moisin and Stade de France to the Gospel Station of near the Porte d'Aubervilliers remains very uncertain, because not studied.

The completion of the tram line 5 between the Place du May 8, 1945 , Pierrefitte-sur-Seine and Garges Station - Sarcelles began in late 2008.

The heavy transport in the city and beyond the department will improve over the medium term, but likely to remain long enough.

Administration

The town hall of Saint-Denis

Saint Denis is a city historically communist left, it belongs to the red belt. Municipal Election 2008: The left is divided, the Communist majority is facing primaries imposed by the PS. SAINT DENIS list includes most ALL FOR PC, Green, RCN, etc. Workers Fight ... wins the second round of municipal elections. The SP refused any agreement decides to stay in opposition:

Intercommunality

Saint-Denis is a founding member of the Urban Community Plaine Commune , which covers eight cities, and plays a fundamental economic role at the gates of Paris. The town is also a founding member of the union Greater Paris.

Administrative situation

The city is the capital of three townships:

• The canton of Saint-Denis-Nord-Est is composed of a part of Saint-Denis (52,211 inhabitants);
• The canton of Saint-Denis-Nord-Ouest consists of a portion of Saint-Denis (30,175 inhabitants);
• The canton of Saint-Denis-South consists of a portion of Saint-Denis and a portion of St. Ouen and the municipality of L'le-Saint-Denis (43 949 inhabitants, including 21,356 in the Commune of Saint-Denis).

After being the seat of a district of the former Department of the Seine , the city is again the capital of an arrondissement in the department of Seine-Saint-Denis , since the decree No. 93-259 of February 26, 1993.

List of successive mayors

Didier Paillard (top right), at second sitting of the Porte de Paris, 19 April 2008

The city is run by mayors Communists since the Liberation. She had since (at least) 1930 with Jacques Doriot , before it is excluded from the CPF. Doriot was forced to resign in 1937, the Communist and future proof Fernand Grenier reconquered the city (and the parliamentary seat).

In a href = "% C3% 89lections_municipales_fran% C3% A7aises_de_2008" alt = "French municipal elections of 2008"> 2008 municipal elections, the PS resulted in a primary in the first round of March 9, 2008, he lost against the union list of many left-wing forces, led by the PCF. He nevertheless maintained in the second round, while the list UMP merged with that of Modem. In the second round, the list led by outgoing Mayor Didier Paillard won election to the second round with 51.12% of the cast against the PS and the union list UMP - Modem ^{Advisory Council for Foreign Citizens}

In the tradition of local rfrundum 26 March 2006 , where the municipality had consulted the public about the possibility of allowing voting in local elections for non-European foreigners , the Municipal Council of 17 April 2008 created a council of foreign citizens, composed of ten men and ten women, appointed by the City Council, with 15 representatives for most municipal and 5 for the opposition.

This council will be consulted on all major issues and will participate fully in the development of municipal policy .

Security

The crime rate in the police district of Saint-Denis (including L'le-Saint-Denis ) (crimes and misdemeanors counts in 2005 ) is 150.71 per 1000 acts which is very much higher than the national average (83/1000) and county (95.67 / 1,000) and with a resolution rate of cases by the police of 19.82%, the lowest of the department .

Twinnings

• Cordoba ( Spain )
• Gera ( Germany ), Area of Thuringia.
• North Lanarkshire ( United Kingdom ), Area of North Lanarkshire
• Porto Alegre ( Brazil )
• Sesto San Giovanni ( Italy ), Lombardy (suburb of Milan )
• Tuzla ( Bosnia Herzegovina )
• Planning with the camp Gaza ( Palestine )

In addition the city has initiated programs of assistance and cooperation with

• Larbaa Nath Irathen ( Algeria )
• Tiznit ( Morocco )
• Djlbou ( Mali )
• Karakoro ( Mali )
• Sahel ( Mali )

Education

School education

• 28 public kindergartens
• 29 public elementary schools
• Eight public colleges

- The College Courtille

- Collge Elsa Triolet

- Fabien College

- College Federico Garcia Lorca

- College Henri Barbusse

- College Iqbal Masih

- College Jean Lurcat

- College Pierre Geyter

• 5 public high schools:

- Regional High School multipurpose Paul Eluard

- High School multi-purpose regional Suger

- Vocational College Bartholdi

- High School under ENNA

- House Education of the Legion of Honor

• Private lessons:

- Set school Jean-Baptiste de la Salle and Our Lady of Compassion

- College and High School St. Vincent de Paul

Higher Education

Entrance to the University of Paris VIII at Saint Denis in 1998

IUT de Saint-Denis

• Preparatory classes for schools : school Paul Eluard (science stream), House Education of the Legion of Honour (literary industry).
• The University of Paris VIII , provides lessons in 11 diverse Dept. , 3 institutes and 2 IUT. It hosts 21,500 students, 1,050 faculty members and 40 research centers. It offers 6 DUT 23 licenses, professional licenses 8, 86 masters (including 36 new vocational) and 48 doctorates.
• The IUT de Saint-Denis , depending on the University of Paris XIII welcomes 1800 students. It is organized into 8 departments: Management of Business and Government (GEA 1969); Marketing techniques (CT, 1969); Measurement (MP 1970), Mechanical Engineering and Production (GMP 1973), Health, Safety, Environment (HSE, 1974), Industrial Engineering and Maintenance (GIM, 1981); Science and Engineering of Materials (SGM, 1998); Marketing Techniques in Italian (TC La Plaine, 2004).
• University Institute of Teacher Training Academy of Creteil.
• Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers : Training in Economics-Accounting Management, Human Resources, Information.
• House of Human Sciences Paris Nord science research and human society, especially in the areas of cultural industries and arts and the relationship between health and society and is associated with the CNRS , to the University of Paris VIII and the University of Paris XIII.
• National Heritage Institute : Department of restorers.

Monuments and Sights

The tympanum of the portal of the old Ursuline Convent
The convent was built in 1644 on plans attributed to Francois Mansart for the Congregation of the Ursulines , who arrived in Saint-Denis in 1628.
The church, three wings of the cloister and part of the monastic buildings have been demolished in the late ^nineteenth century , what remained of the former monastery was converted into homes and sold into condominiums.

• The Basilica of the XII ^century , burial place of kings of France - the first church in Gothic style in the world, it is both a church cathedral , abbey and royal.
• The Stade de France. Inaugurated in January 1998 , it contains 80,000 seats and hosts the matches of football (final 1998 World Cup ) in rugby , competing in athletics and concerts.
• The House Education of the Legion of Honor , next to the Basilica, provides education for girls, girls and great-granddaughter of Recipients of the Legion of Honor or the order of merit wish. It occupies the former cloister of the royal abbey of Saint-Denis.
• House of Masks (or masks), rue de la Boulangerie, the date of late 1730 and is now walled up and supported. Its name comes from the four carved faces that overlook each floor window.
  Listed in the inventory of historical monuments January 25, 2006, his rehabilitation is considered a real estate company specializing that housing developments and trade .
• The gate of the convent of Ursulines Street Ursuline, including a magnificent tympanum decorated with a Madonna and Child, attributed to the second half of the ^seventeenth century.
• The Caramel Royal Saint Denis, which houses the Museum of Art and History of the city.
• House Crossbow , the former kiln factory painted canvas of Rudolph Ebinger built during the Revolution.
• The church of Saint-Denis-de-l'Estre , on the boulevard Jules Guesde, built between 1864 and 1866 to plans by architect Eugne-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc .
• The Museum of Christofle silverware Bouilhet- ^, holding a collection of over 2,000 pieces of jewelry created by Christofle since 1830 is now permanently closed.
• A trivial but symbolic building on the quay of the Seine opposite the Ile Saint-Denis , the House of Francis Coignet. He was the first reinforced concrete building in France. In the absence of any use, it is very degraded.
• Dwelling house of factory workers Coignet , built in 1870 by Francois Coignet in concrete Coignet. Avaiet It aims to create a link with the production activities of the business and social concerns of the show's director. Above the windows and doorway entrance, floral decorations in cast concrete were performed.
• The former headquarters of everyday humanity , designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer near the Basilica , is remarkable for its plasticity undulating facades, through the implementation of concrete, and its place in contemporary architecture .
• The island No. 8 Basilica , public housing built as part of the rehabilitation of downtown Saint-Denis on the plans of the architect Renee Gailhoustet between 1977 and 1986. This operation repeats the idea of downtown and is located just steps from City Hall and the Basilica.

No. 8 island Basilica	The Stade de France saw the Canal Saint-Denis	Bourse du Travail de Saint-Denis	Pont de l'Ile-Saint-Denis
Church of Saint-Denis-de-l'Estre	Detail of the chapel of the former Caramel of Saint-Denis	Tympanum of the chapel of the former Caramel of Saint-Denis	Basilica of Saint-Denis - Choir
Crossbow House	Library of the University of Paris VIII	Place Caquet and, basically, the administrative center Principalities	Building housing the plant Coignet (1870)
The building of the CNAM , the Plaine Saint-Denis	The portal of the Abbey of Saint-Denis, now houses education of the Legion of Honor

City flower : two flowers renewed in 2009 .

Personalities linked to the city

Abbot Suger, in an ancient manuscript

Didier Daeninckx

• Town of Abbot Suger , the founder of Gothic architecture
• Louise de France , daughter of Louis XV , prioress of the Caramel of Saint-Denis (now Museum of Art and History ) in the name of Mother Teresa of St. Augustine.
• Robert de Cotte ( 1656 1735 ), French architect.
• Peter Abelard , philosopher and theologian.
• Mathieu Broalde , writer, theologian and chronologist French.
• Jules Vdrines , aviation pioneer and French flying ace, born 71 Avenue du President Wilson to the Plaine Saint-Denis
• Birthplace of Paul Eluard and poster designer and illustrator Francisco Poulbot. Degeyter Pierre , composer and author of "The Internationale" lived and died there in 1932.
• Painters Louis-Gabriel Moreau, Albert Lebourg , Lepine, Georges Michel, Claude Monet , Paul Signac , Maurice Utrillo lived there.
• Auguste Gillot , Mayor of Saint-Denis 1944 to 1971 , and former member of the National Council of Resistance.
• Robert Homer , born in La-Bazoche Gout , first mayor of Villeneuve La Garenne spent his childhood in Saint-Denis.
• Didier Daeninckx , French writer.
• Malamine Kone , stylist and creator of the brand Airness.
• JoeyStarr and Kool Shen , of the group NTM.
• Grand Corps Malade , slammer.
• Djamel Bensalah , director.
• Grgory Cerdan , Olivier Thomas , footballers.
• Jean-Louis Costes , musician.
• Eric Bari , painter.

. Saya, French singer

Culture and Leisure

• Community media centers of Saint-Denis : members of the public library network of Plaine Commune, 4 media libraries serving the territory of Saint-Denis (Downtown - since 1798, Gulliver - since 2004, Don Quixote - since 2007, Aladin - since 2007). The Downtown library houses about 100,000 legacy documents from the fifteenth to twentieth century
• Archaeology Unit of the City of Saint-Denis (UASD)
• Theatre Gerard Philipe National Dramatic Center led by Christophe Rauck
• Gnration NTM
• The DCA company of contemporary dance of Decoufl
• Museum of Art and History : exceptional collection on the Paris Commune and Paul Eluard.
• Art cinema and test the screen.
• Concert Hall "line 13"
• The Tulip Festival in April of each year in the Parc de la Legion d'honneur
• The town festival is held the weekend closest to St. Denis, October 9
• Music Festival in June, among the most renowned in France
• Metis Festival, around March
• Theatre de la Belle Etoile, which hosts the Company in residence Jolie Mme
• Cultural caf, venue for concerts and exhibitions
• Exhibition space ADADA
• Nights of Friday night entertainment once a month
• The reserves of the Museum of Arts and Crafts in the Rue Saint-Martin in Paris.
• Karine Saporta installed in the station district Author's Studio - Karine Saporta company, which should open in spring 2009 .

Sports

• The Stade de France hosts major football competitions, the Six Nations Championship , events or concerts
• In 2007 , the city hosted the Rugby World Cup
• Annual Meeting of athletics, first in the world by its peak
• Semi- marathon -year, the "Royal Route"
• Over 10% of the population is enrolled in a club in town, to practice a wide range of sports halls dedicated to the city.

Local Products

Honey concrete

The "concrete honey is produced in Saint Denis by the party poetic

Cults

• Catholic
  The city, in addition to the Basilica, has many churches and chapels.
• Protestant
  The city has a Protestant church, the successor of the place of worship built for the Swiss Guards of the ancien regime , installed in the former barracks of Saint-Denis.
• Orthodox
• Jewish
• Muslim
  The city has 11 Muslim places of worship .

References