Sadducees

Generally known by the Sadducees, members of one of four major streams of Judaism 's ancient ancient Judea (with the Pharisees , the Essenes and the Zealots ), between the ^second century BC. BC and ^first century , but this definition is not exclusive. It also refers to members of the clergy at the time of the First Temple of Jerusalem (which was the High Priest Zadok . As such, the Essenes have called themselves Sons of Zadok.

Etymology

The term comes from Sadducee Latin Sadducaei , itself derived from the Hebrew Talmudic Tsadoukim. The widespread view is that this noun is derived from (Bnei Zadok) or Sons of Zadok , without, however, scientific consensus.

History

The history of the Sadducees is difficult to trace because the sources are rare and historically biased or unreliable. Mixed with about as legendary history, they disappear and reappear over the centuries.

Legendary origins

There are only two passages of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) that designate the Sadducees by members of the priestly class related to the High Priest Zadok , component is a form of caste. It's in the book Ezekiel (XLIII-19) that the reference makes a direct link between the supporters of the high priest and the clergy. Repeated reference (XLVIII-11) where the Prophet praises the Sadducees as guarantors of orthodoxy during the Babylonian Exile.

In the ^second century BC. AD

Apart from Biblical texts and speculations that can be done from them, the first source explicit evidence of a movement is marked Sadducee of their existence in the reign of John Hyrcanus I (134 - 104 BC.) made by Flavius Josephus (37 - ~ 100 AD.). One can nevertheless date the appearance of this current in the early ^second century BC. BC with the rise of Simon II during the conquest Seleucid of Judea .

Supporting the dominance Seleucid , hostility of the Sadducees unborn against the dynasty Hasmonean to adhere more widely to the reign of Herod the Great , although this prospect that makes Sadducees members of the aristocracy is now challenged Hellenized by historians.

In the ^first century

Rare sources speak of the Sadducees. Essentially derived from Christianity , they emit only theological value judgments without much clarification. The Acts of the Apostles and the Gospel of Matthew , like St. Mark's 12.18 to 27 in mention.

From the ^first century until the ^twelfth century

After the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem in 70 , the Sadducees appear only in a few references to the Talmud (see next paragraph). In ^the seventh century , one sees in Persia a movement led by Abu Isa of Ispahan , claiming as Sadducee . The Karaism in its infancy in ^the eighth century , among the followers of Anan ben David of so-called "Sadducees." Zadok will still talk about him in ^the tenth century with the book Sefer Zadok written by the sage Karaite Ya'akov al -Qirqisani.

Ultimate discovery in 1910 , when it was thought for a long time thinking of the Sadducees disappeared centuries ago, Solomon Schechter brought to light the Damascus dating from the ^twelfth century. This refers to the presence - or at best an influence - Zadokites theses within the community Karaite.

Beliefs

The Sadducees rejected the interpretation of the Torah made by the Pharisees and over exactly the Talmud that follow. The historian Flavius Josephus , which can be assumed that it leans to the Sadducees, sums up this opposition: "The Pharisees sent people to certain rules which they held their fathers, which are not written in the laws of Moses , and for this reason have been rejected by the Sadducees who believe that only should be required to apply the rules that are written and those received by the tradition of the fathers do not have to be observed. "( Jewish Antiquities , XIII-297)

But do not believe that the Sadducees were literalists. As such, the Talmud speaks of a "book of decrees Sadducee . Their spirituality is summarized as follows : "while having their own exegesis oral Sadducees rejected some extra-biblical traditions and especially those of other movements. "

This spirituality led him to part with the Sadducees Pharisees on some issues, such as:

• the resurrection of the dead
• Life after death
• the existence of angels

Moreover, religious practices differed somewhat from those of the Pharisees , under different interpretations of the Torah :

• the feast of Shavuot was celebrated the day after the Sabbath , that is to say a Sunday
• the joy of drawing water during the festival of Sukkot was prohibited

References section

See also

Related articles

• Judaism
• Pharisees
• Essenes
• Karaism
• Temple of Jerusalem

Streams of Judaism
Currents related to Judaism	Mosaic Yahwism Samaritanism Sabbatasme Frankisme
Historical currents	Judean sect: Sadducees Boethusiens Pharisees Chassidim Essenes Cult of the Dead Sea Zealots Sicarii Hellenistic Judaism : Jews of Elephantine Therapeutae Jews from the Hellenistic and Roman Egypt Min : Nazarenes Ebionites Crinthiens Elcsates Currents of the eighth century Issawi Yudghanisme
Orthodox Judaism	Modern Orthodox Dati Leumi
Ultra-Orthodox	Hasidim : Lubavitch Gur Breslav Belz Satmar Non-Hassidim : Mussar Edah Haredit Neturei Karta Hardal
Karaism	Pineapple Benjamins Avelei Tzion Tiflissim Asheri Talmid

• Portal of Jewish culture and Judaism
• Portal of ancient Israel and Jews in Antiquity

Leave a Reply