Rifa39A Al Tahtawi
Rifa'a al-Tahtawi ( 1801 ,? - 1873 , Cairo ?) ( in Arabic ) is an Egyptian reformer.
Biography
Rifa'a leaves his home village of Tahtah in 1817 to take courses at the University of Al-Azhar in Cairo. In 1826 he was appointed imam of the first mission sent to school in France by Egyptian Mohammed Ali
His experience of the French company, after spending five years in Paris before 1831 , it inspired a debate on the development of Islamic civilization and its encounter with Western modernity.
Responsible for instruction in the reform agenda of Mohamed Ali , he published a book on the fate of Islamic civilization in 1834 (Takhl Ibriz f al-talkh Baris, trans. com. L'Or de Paris , 1988) , which launches the debate to be resumed by the reformers of the Muslim intellectual renaissance, the Nahda. This is a travelogue (Rihla) in which he describes life in France - customs, institutions and laws, organization - the look is that of a character fascinated by European civilization, and whose primary concern is to draw for Egypt 's modernization elements compatible with Islam. The style is clear and reveals a clear trend towards more flexible syntax. Tahtawi wants to simplify the language to convey a new message to the greatest number.
Order to fulfill the revival of Muslim identity, he proposed the development of education and the establishment of democracy. It will inspire reformers from the end of the century.
Tahtawi "plays the role of a cultural institution completely alone." It will:
- take the direction of the first Egyptian newspaper, al-Waq'i al-Miriyya written in Arabic and Turkish, and founded by Mehemet Ali in 1828 ;
- madrasat based al-alsun, language school, in 1835 ;
- be editor of the Official Gazette in 1840 ;
- Has direct maktab tarjama, the Translation Bureau, opened at the instigation in 1841.
But the Khedive Abbas I , who opposes modernizers away Rifa'a al-Tahtawi in Sudan 1848 to 1854. Khedive Said does return and names Mirala (brigadier general). Rifa'a transforms the Citadel military school when he runs in Military University. Again deviated from its responsibilities to the Military Academy in 1861 , he became director of the department of translations of 1863 until his death in 1873.
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