Rhaetia
Rhaetia also called Rhaetian-Vindlicie is a province of the Roman Empire , bounded on the north by the Danube , east by the course of the Inn and the province of Noricum , on the west by the Upper Germany , at south of Cisalpine Gaul. It covers part of Bavaria in the south of the Danube, east of Switzerland , the source of the Rhine to Lake Constance and the Tyrol in Austria.
Before the Roman conquest, the Tyrol was occupied by Rhaetians , and Bavaria by Vindliciens.
Summary |
Conquered in 15 BC. BC by Drusus and Tiberius at the same time as the Noricum after the Battle of Lake Constance and cons Rhaetians the imperial province Raetian is primarily governed by a procurator, then the commander of the Legio III Italica.
Around 6 BC. AD, two legions stationed in Raetian the XIII Gemina and XXI Rapax.
Its main town is the colony Vindelicorum Augusta ( Augsburg ) founded by the Romans in Vindlicie on a small tributary of the Danube, the capital of the province; Other cities: Castra Regina ( Regensburg ) on the Danube, Batavia Castra ( Passau ), Cambodunum ( Kempten ) Curia ( Chur , Switzerland).
The Rhaetia the second century
Under the Flavian , the slow erosion of the salient by the Romans between the Rhine and Danube Germanic ( Agri Decumates ) lives Rhaetia extending through the establishment of many auxiliary forts north of the Danube, upstream of Castra Regina. This reinforcement improved the Roman military and commercial links between the provinces of Gaul and Germania, on the one hand, and the Danube route, to Pannonia and Moesia , giving a modest position as an intermediary to Rhett. However, Rhaetia does not a great economic development in the Roman Empire and remains a minor province.
The Rhaetia the third century
From the third century , Rhaetia is directly exposed to attacks Germanic, mainly Alemanni. During the first clashes in 213 and 233 - 235 , Caracalla and Maximinus the Thracian inflict defeats as they are a generation before attacking again.
The situation is reversed from 258 , when the Alemanni destroy the forts of files Rhine-Danube and launched a devastating raid into Gaul, Spain and Italy. In spring 259 , Gallienus defeats them near Milan , but they must abandon Agri Decumates: the Alamanni settled in projecting where they easily pass the Rhine or the Danube, directly threatening the eastern Gaul, Rhaetia and northern Italy.
The Rhaetia the fourth century
The Alemanni now run their assaults to settle on the left bank of the Rhine (foundation of the kingdom Alaman ) unintentionally providing a respite to the Rhaetian.
End of the Roman Rhaetia
In 401 , the Vandals and Alans fleeing Huns invade Rhaetia and Noricum. Stilicho beats them and installs them as allies in northern Italy. After the invasions of 406 in Gaul, and 408 in Italy, the Romans no longer afford to defend effectively Rhaetia.
In the fifth century , the king of the Ostrogoths Theodoric , carries a protectorate Rhaetia North, and includes the southern part in his kingdom.
The Rhaetian is occupied in the early sixth century by Bavariya , period over which the sources are incomplete. They create a kingdom that Charlemagne append.
Islands of romanization persist, several centuries around the diocese of Augsburg, and until our days in Switzerland, south of Chur , where there is any language Latin , the Romansh. This language is called Rtoromanisch also in German, is the " Rhaeto-Romance "or" novel Rhaetia.
See also
Internal Links
External Links
- The Danubian provinces of the Roman Empire: Celts, Romans, Germans Yann Le Bohec, Professor of Roman History at the University of Paris IV-Sorbonne.
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