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Repentance Of The Church

Repentance of the Church is an expression that expresses the manifestation of repentance by the church authorities to report misconduct by members of the Church in its history, and also brings the forgiveness.

It took place in the 1990s and follows a renewal of Catholic theology reached at the Second Vatican Council , especially on issues of ecumenism and interfaith dialogue.

The inter-religious dialogue has been particularly the statement by Pope Paul VI at the Council in 1965 , Nostra Aetate , which sets out principles for relations between Christianity and other religions.

Summary

Case Galilee

Galilee is a church of XVI century and a prominent scholar, including the Catholic Church has condemned scientific positions and theological implications he drew. Having refused to retract his scientific positions that were fair, he was sentenced by the court of the Inquisition and sentenced to prison, which was immediately commuted to house arrest in the palaces he frequented.

John Paul II had reported a desire to study this question at the beginning of his pontificate in 1979. He appointed a commission to study the controversy Ptolemeo-Copernican in 1981 , composed of historians, scholars, and theologians, to conduct work in a spirit of sincerity and truth-seeking.

The Committee published its findings at a meeting of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences October 31, 1992.

The Church has acknowledged for the first time errors in the case. The rehabilitation of Galileo, whose condemnation was primarily due to reasons political , however, was not officially issued, the court sentenced him (the Inquisition ), has disappeared since.

Cardinal Poupard, President of the study commission, said at the conclusion of his speech:

"Heirs of the unitary conception of the world, who established himself universally to the early seventeenth century , some contemporary theologians of Galileo failed to interpret the deeper meaning, not literally, of scripture, when describing the physical structure of the created universe, which led them unduly to transpose a question of factual observation into the realm of faith.
It is in this historical-cultural situation, far removed from our time, the judges of Galilee, unable to disassociate the faith of a millennium cosmology, believed quite wrongly, that the adoption of the Copernican revolution, also not definitively proven, was such as to undermine Catholic tradition, and it was their duty to prohibit the teaching. This subjective error of Judgement, so clear for us today, led to disciplinary action which Galileo "had much to suffer." We must honestly acknowledge these wrongs, as you requested, Holy Father. "

In his speech to participants at the plenary session of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences 31 October 1992 , John Paul II has clearly recognized the errors of most theologians of the time in the case, stating:

"First, like most of his opponents, Galileo makes no distinction between what the scientific approach to natural phenomena and reflection on the nature, philosophical, she usually calls. That's why he refused the suggestion made to him to present a hypothesis as the Copernican system, as it was not confirmed by irrefutable evidence. Yet there was a requirement of the experimental method which he was the great initiator.
Then the representation of the geocentric world was widely accepted in the culture of the time to be fully concordant with the whole Bible, some expressions, taken literally, seemed to be statements of geocentrism. The problem rested so the theologians of the day is the compatibility of the heliocentric and Scripture.
Thus the new science with its methods and academic freedom it implies, obliged theologians to examine their own criteria for interpreting Scripture. Most have failed to do so.
Paradoxically, Galileo, a sincere believer, showed himself more insightful on this point that his opponents theologians. "If the writing can not wander, he wrote to Benedetto Castelli, some of its interpreters and commentators can, and in many ways." Also known letter to Christine of Lorraine (1615) which is like a short treatise on Biblical hermeneutics.
Controversy

Some specialists consider that the Galileo case these statements tend to minimize the errors of the Church. .

Giordano Bruno , burned at the stake in 1600, has by cons been no rehabilitation.

Relations with Judaism

Main article: Judaism.
See also:
* Catholic Church during the Second World War
* Bibliography on the Catholic Church the Second World War
* Bibliography on Pius XII

The positions taken by some Catholic leaders, such as Ludwig Kaas in the 1930s , just before the takeover by Hitler , some senior clergy in France, and silences too many Christians face raids are likely to call on the history of relations between Christianity in general and Judaism. .

  • The German Bishops and the Polish Episcopate issued a statement on the attitude of their Church during the war to mark the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz in 1995 (Documentation Catholique No. 2110, pp. 188 - 191).
  • In 1997 , the bishops of France issued a statement of repentance.
Show: The statement of repentance of Bishops of France
  • In March 1998 , a statement from the Vatican Commission for Relations with Judaism , with an introduction by the hand of the pope himself, called on Christians to an awareness and recognition of the specificity of the Holocaust. She admitted the existence of a growing anti-Jewish distributed by the Church in the past. The reception given to this statement was mixed, with some considering it was positioned too far back from the statement by the bishops last year French .

Without going into detail about the history of relations between Christianity and Judaism , we note a few highlights: In the fourth century , the anti-Judaism began to appear among some Church Fathers , and the next century in the Theodosian Code. In the seventh century , a statement now viewed as offensive to Jews, because of the current evolution of the meaning of vocabulary in the vernacular-was introduced in the "Big prayers" of the Good Friday ( Oremus et pro perfidis Iudaeis ). Subsequently, there were regular persecution of the Jews ( pogroms , expulsions, ghettoes , burnings ...), the phenomenon culminating with the Marranos. Then in the second half of the nineteenth century , the anti-Judaism was transformed into anti-Semitism , resulting in the Holocaust.

At the request of the historian Jules Isaac , some Catholics, like Jacques Maritain , a new prayer was gradually introduced into the liturgy of Good Friday. John XXIII removed the misunderstood words in 1959. The council adopted a statement on interfaith relations in 1965 ( Nostra Aetate ), then the Friday prayer was modified by Paul VI in the Missal in 1966 , and again in 1969. The catechism for adults was also revised in 1991 in this regard.

Quote from John Paul II

"You are our beloved brothers and, in some sense our elder brothers. "John Paul II to the Synagogue of Rome in 1986

Repentance Year 2000

March 12, 2000 , a more general repentance on the errors of the members of the church was solemnly made in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

According to some observers, repentance on the Inquisition has been subject to a minimum estimate of the number of victims. It does not appear that the orders Dominican and Franciscan who were the principal agents, have already made a statement about their responsibility in this period of religious intolerance.

Some around the theologian Hans Kng Notes

  1. be consulted for example in Galileo trial, Galileo rehabilitated?, edited by Francesco Beretta, chapter historical problems posed by the closure of the issue Galilean (1992), pages 91-112
  2. Galileo on trial, Galileo rehabilitated?, edited by Francesco Beretta, Chapter Urban VIII, Galileo and the omnipotence of God, pages 67-90
  3. Presse Universitaire de Grenoble, 1987 , pp. 151-182
  4. We Remember: A Reflection on the Shoah
  5. The literal French translation is: "Let us pray also for the perfidious Jews." In reflecting, you are exposed to a cons-sense. At the time of writing, is included perfidis: who lacked faith, unfaithful, or perjury (which has not been faithful to his commitments) and did not have the pejorative nature of disloyalty that can currently lend
  6. article looks back at Vatican Inquisition Vatican City, June 16, 2004, CBS News

Bibliography

  • Galileo Galilei, 350-year history (1633-1983), collective work under the direction of Archbishop Poupard Descle International, Tournai 1983.
  • Galileo on trial, Galileo rehabilitated?, Edited by Francesco Beretta. Saint-Maurice, Editions Saint-Augustin, 2005. ( ISBN 2-88011-369-5 ).
  • Michel Remaud , The Church's bluff: Jews and Christians, contempt for the recognition, Bayard, 2007

See also

External Links



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