Reginald Pole
| Reginald Pole | ||
|---|---|---|
 Portrait of Cardinal Reginald Pole, archbishop last Catholic Canterbury, by Antonio Moro | ||
| Biography | ||
| Birth | March 1500 in Staffordshire ( England ) | |
| Deaths | 17 November 1558 in London ( England ) | |
| Priestly Ordination | February 1518 | |
| Bishop of the Catholic Church | ||
| Episcopal | 20 March 1556 by Mary I of England | |
| Episcopal functions | Archbishop of Canterbury (England) | |
| Cardinal of the Catholic Church | ||
| Created cardinal | 1536 by Pope Paul III | |
| Title | Archbishop of Canterbury | |
| Other functions | ||
| Role | legate to the Council of Trent | |
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| (In) Record at catholic-hierarchy.org | ||
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Reginald Pole ( March 1500 , Staffordshire - 17 November 1558 ) was Archbishop of Canterbury , Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
He was the son of Sir Richard Pole and Margaret Pole , Countess of Salisbury. His maternal grandparents were George , 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. He was the last Archbishop Catholic Canterbury.
Summary |
Biography
Training
Of Magdalen College at Oxford University from 1512 to 1519 , he followed the teaching of William Latimer and Thomas Linacre , and was BA on 27 June 1515. In February 1518 Henry VIII appointed him Dean of the Cathedral Wimborne, Dorset.
In 1521 , Pole went to Padua , where he met figures such as Pietro Bembo , Gianmatteo Giberti (formerly of the Roman Curia of Leo X ), Jacopo Sadoleto , Gianpietro Carafa (later Pope Paul IV ), Rodolfo Pio Otto Truchsess Stanislaus Hosius, Madruzzo Cristoforo Giovanni Morone, Pier Paolo Vergerio the young Pietro Martire Vermigli (Peter Martyr), and Vettor Soranzo, the latter three also having been convicted of heresy.
His election to the College of Corpus Christi College , Oxford, on 14 February 1523 , gave him the money to pursue studies abroad a few years.
Trouble with Henry VIII
Pole returned to England in July 1526 through France with Thomas Lupset. Henry VIII offered him the archbishopric of York or the Diocese of Winchester if he would to his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Pole refused and preferred to go into exile in France and Italy in 1532 , where he continued his studies at the universities of Padua and Paris.
The final break came when Thomas Cromwell , Cuthbert Tunstall , Thomas Starkey and others drew up the name of king a series of questions they submitted to Pole. For answer, it sent the king a copy of his treatise Pro ecclesiasticae unitatis right of defense (for the defense of a unified church) which contained, in addition to answering questions, an indictment against the rule in royal policy.
Furious, Henry retaliated by persecuting members of his family. In November 1538 , two of his brothers, the elder Henry, Baron Montagu, and many of their parents were arrested and accused of treason, imprisoned in the Tower of London and executed (except Geoffrey Pole) in January 1539.
Reginald Pole's mother, Margaret, was also arrested and spent several years in harsh conditions of detention at the Tower of London eventually executed in 1541 despite his protestations of innocence. This episode has always been considered a grave miscarriage of justice, even in his time. Margaret Pole was beatified in 1886 by Pope Leo XIII.
It is possible that the animosity towards the family of Henry Pole has had another reason. Margaret was the last descendant of the dynasty of Plantagenet , which made his son of potential suitors to the throne of England. In 1535, Eustache Chapuys , ambassador of the Holy Roman Empire to the British crown, considered as a possible advantage Pole for Princess Mary Tudor, later Mary I of England.
Cardinal and Legate
In 1536 Paul III appointed him cardinal under Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia , reluctantly, and then in 1537 under Santi Nereo e Achilleo. In 1542 he was one of the three legates appointed to preside over the Council of Trent and the death of Paul III in 1549 Pole missed election to the Holy See with one voice.
Return to England
The death of Edward VI on 6 July 1553 and access to the power of Mary Tudor put an end to the exile of Pole who could return to England first as legate Papal but Mary Tudor and the Emperor Charles V the made to wait until 20 November 1554 , fearing that the arrival of a papal legate in England do should contribute to exacerbate public opposition to the marriage of Mary with the son of Charles, Philip II.
Councillor Mary Tudor
During the reign of Mary I, Pole was finally ordained a priest on 20 March 1557 and was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury , a position he would hold until his death. In addition to his priestly responsibilities, Pole was the de facto prime minister of Mary and his most trusted advisor. As such, it deserves its share of responsibility in the persecution and executions of Protestants at the stake who earned the nickname Queen of the bloody Mary and helped feed the hatred of many generations of Protestants against the Catholic Church, Pole did not want that.
He died in London on 17 November 1558 , just hours after the queen. His body lies near the northern enclosure of the Crown of the cathedral of Canterbury.
Works
He is the author of a De Concilio and several treatises on the authority of the Roman pontiff , on the Anglican Reformation and a corpus of letters very interesting history of the time .
See also
In fiction
Pole's character appears in several works of fiction, including the historical novel The Trusted Servant (The prisoners) by Alison Macleod.
Bibliography
- T. Phillips, History of the Life of Reginald Pole (2 volumes, Oxford, 1764), the oldest in English.
- AM Stewart, Life of Cardinal Pole (London, 1882)
- FG Lee, Reginald Pole, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury: An Historical Sketch (London, 1888)
- Athanasius Zimmermann, Kardinal Pole: Leben und seine Schriften breast (Regensberg, 1893)
- James Gairdner , The Church in the Sixteenth Franais Century (London, 1903)
- Martin Haile, Life of Reginald Pole (New York, 1910)
External link
References
| Preceded by | Reginald Pole | Followed by | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas Cranmer |
| Matthew Parker |
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