Reduction (Catholicism And Politics)
Discounts ( Spanish : or simply are the missions Catholics built and run by missionaries, especially members of the Society of Jesus in Latin America between the early sixteenth century and the mid- eighteenth century. Their aim was primarily to consolidate the indigenous people to better integrate them into the political-economic system, and in the Amazon to protect them from raids by slave hunters, and then to evangelize and civilize.
From the beginning of the Spanish presence in the Americas, the Crown is concerned about the construction of city natives. The evolution of this concern appears in court documents, such as a Instrucciones Ovando ( 1501 ), the Leyes de Burgos ( 1512 ), and the Leyes Nuevas ( 1542 ). In the instructions to Nicols de Ovando , for example, the Crown ordered that the Indians living in Spanish cities (in order to promote a total assimilation of indigenous peoples). The Laws of Burgos (first the Spanish Civil Code of the New World) legalize encomederos and indoctrination of Indians and decreed that the Indians have to live near the Spanish settlements.
However, abuse of encomederos and especially the Catholic character of the Spanish State Boosts better organization of missions. Spain is indeed their right to land and the people of India to the Mission pope to evangelize them. For this it is essential that the Indians are gathered in towns and villages with a Spanish lifestyle, rather than live apart from the Spanish population. The Crown must provide services and protections for Indians but also provide a system of tax collection efficient, which is impossible with dispersed populations. We can see that the purpose of reductions is not only evangelical but also economically and politically.
History
The first reduction was initiated in 1531 among Indians Aztec , according to the instructions provided to the second Audiencia of New Spain. Others followed quickly, and they counted up to 150,000 natives. In each of indios Reduccion is a priest who lives with him paying tribute to the Indians. Reductions resources (including land) are an inalienable property of the latter.
Most of the reductions are directly related to the Spanish crown, however, some are assigned to people according to the system of encomienda. Some reduction was part of the Crown are named corregimiento and are governed by Corregidor. This causes an increase in corruption because the position of Corregidor must be purchased and is paid no salary, which causes all kinds of extortion.
The Franciscans and the Jesuits also organize reductions, primarily in the Viceroyalty of Peru. It is those who get the best results, especially the Jesuit reductions of Paraguay. This difference results from the difference of application system Reductions between the Viceroyalty of New Spain and that of Peru. The work of Vasco de Quiroga , the bishop of Michoacn, who founded many cities welcoming, and Francisco de Toledo , the viceroy of Peru, which encourages the system and convinced the Jesuits to use it must be noted for the efforts that 'they make to improving the system.
Being as many slaves racked potential to slavery Portuguese and Spanish , they quickly opposed the development of these missions. But following the victory of Guarani in 1641, the reductions are experiencing a period of respite.
The Jesuit Reductions priclitent quickly following the expulsion of the Jesuits of the Province of Paraguay, in 1767, the Franciscans failing to maintain their previous level. They remain in the Amazon, the services provided (health or education) can not be as effectively by successive governments.
See also
- Jesuit mission in Paraguay
- Spanish missions in California
- Jesuit Missions of Bolivia
- Jesuit Missions of the Guarani
- Jesuit art
External Links
- (Es) Misiones de Bolivia
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