Rabbinic Judaism

Rabbinic Judaism (in Hebrew : - Yahadout Rabbani) is derived from Pharisee Judaism after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. He structured the ^Second to ^sixth century AD, the date from which he was recognized as the norm of Judaism.

Only the Karaite Judaism , which has few adherents today, after this date will reject the authority of rabbinic interpretations.

Beliefs

Exodus 24:12 The LORD said to Moses : Come up to me on the mountain and stay here, I will give thee tables of stone, the Torah and the mitzvah that I have written for their instruction

According to rabbinic Judaism, this verse implies the existence of two laws simultaneously data on Sinai: the Torah , written law (Torah shebikhtav the Tanakh ) and the Mishna, the Oral Law (Torah shebeal pe).

Both were revealed to those present and transmitted orally until the time since the Second Temple in Jerusalem.

The destruction of the latter (70 of the Common Era), and especially after the death of great sages of the time, Rabbi Akiva is the most famous, it was decided to codify the oral Torah in the Mishnah , which was worked the Tosefta and the Gemara.

In ^fifth and ^sixth century of the Common Era were written two versions of the Talmud : the Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud , which summarize the Mishna , the Gemara and comments.

Finally, in the centuries that followed, a huge rabbinic literature has been written about the Talmud : comments, questions and answers, interpretations, etc.. This huge set is the doctrinal basis of rabbinic Judaism.

For rabbinic Judaism, the Torah written can not be understood without the oral Torah. Thus, for example the Bible says, "you shoot those beasts, according to the rules that I've prescribed. But these requirements are not mentioned in the Bible. They are in the Oral Torah (Babylonian Talmud, Houlin Treaty).

The halacha (way to go, that is to say, the religious law) of rabbinic Judaism is therefore based on the written Torah foremost, but also on the oral law, and developments.

History

The Judaism says the " First Temple "(tenth-sixth centuries BC) was centered on priests of the Temple of Jerusalem. The Pentateuch , which is formulated at the end of this period, makes no mention of rabbis. It can not however exclude their existence, both the documentary sources of the period are rare.

From the " Second Temple "(sixth century BCE - first century), the existence of rabbis is certain ^Today

Rabbinic Judaism largely representing the current majority of Judaism, it is often used synonymously with it. However, far from being homogeneous, it consists of 3 major trends, which have different interpretations of the nature of revelation, the importance of decisions that is even rabbinical rabbinical Judaism.

Reform Judaism

In the first half of the nineteenth century appeared in Germany a new current of thought, the Reform Judaism. It remains focused on the rabbis, but rather calls into question the widely Oral Torah.

The Reform Judaism Judaism "conservative" or "Masorti"

The Masorti are reformers who felt that some reformers went too far. The Masorti movement is intended as a median tenure, recognizing a great moral authority in the Talmud , but living according to rules less strict, less strict respectful attitudes and previous decisions, which gives its rabbis greater latitude in interpretation of Halakha.

As reformed, the Conservatives are essentially powerful USA.

See detailed article on the Masorti movement.

Orthodox Judaism

For Orthodox Judaism , the halakha is a fundamental concept. Orthodox Jew is one who acknowledges having to behave according to the Halacha (corpus of rules laid down by oral tradition from the Talmud until today). As at the time, the Halakha has been codified in law codes authoritative for future generations. Example: the Rambam ( Maimonides ) wrote a code of laws called the Mishneh Torah, which was, with the works of the Rosh (Rabbeinu Asher) and Rif (Rabbi Yitzhak Elfassi), a pillar of Shulhan Arukh. The Shulhan Arukh written by Rabbi Yosef Caro in the sixteenth century marked an important milestone in the development of the halakha. Indeed, after the Shulhan Arukh, it becomes difficult to go against the decisions considered the ultimate synthesis in halakha. Difficult does not mean impossible: there are many cases in which the great masters of Jewish Tradition (Gaon of Vilna, Hafetz Hayim) have nonetheless decided differently Shulhan Arukh.

However, an Orthodox Jew recognizes the chain of transmission of the Halakhah in its entirety, unlike the Liberals (which does not grant major) and Massorati (who claimed a decision to go back to the Talmud then handed Because the chain of Masters of the oral tradition to justify a practice more consistent with the mores of the modern era).

Orthodox Judaism thus puts particular emphasis on accession to the Law of the Torah to Jewish law, and respect for established traditions.

The Orthodox consider as invalid the decisions taken by other currents, conversions to Judaism and they carry the authority of their rabbis.

If the respect due to the Halacha is essential for the Orthodox, the Orthodox Jewish landscape is very colorful, however depending on the importance given to the study, community life, education profane or importance of the land of Israel.

The Hasidim, religious-Zionists, the modern-orthodox United States or the Haredim in Israel are Orthodox Jews.

See detailed articles on Orthodox Judaism and the Jewish ultra-Orthodox.

The three streams of Judaism rabbinical Current Synthesis

Rabbinic Judaism has historically built around the rabbis , the specialists of the oral law. But it has diversified in the nineteenth century and has emerged a relative contradiction in terms: Rabbis who do not strictly follow the oral law.

See also

• Jewish history
• Karaite Judaism , a current opposed to rabbinic Judaism.
• Sadducees , a current disappeared 2,000 years rather opposed to rabbinic Judaism.
• Samaritans , a very common outside, akin to Judaism, which accepts only the Bible.
• Falasha , Ethiopian Jews, a group that ignored the rules of rabbinic Judaism until his immigration to Israel.
• Pharisee , the current original which was released on Rabbinic Judaism.
• Orthodox Judaism , the mainstream rabbinic Judaism.
• Ultra-Orthodox Judaism , the wing of strict Orthodox Judaism.
• Masorti Movement , a current from the rabbinic Judaism, but challenges too strict an interpretation of the Oral Torah.
• Reform Judaism , a current from the rabbinic Judaism, but rather calls into question the widely Oral Torah.
• Liberal Jewish Movement of France

• Portal of Jewish culture and Judaism
• Portal religions and beliefs

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