Procurator
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In ancient Rome the word means originally a procurator appointed by another person to handle a specific task, but the most common use of the term, beginning of August means an imperial official chosen by the Emperor Roman in the equestrian order , any of its former slaves, this is called procurator freed.
The procurators were directly dependent on the emperor, exercising their power and charge on its behalf. And the emperors could gradually develop an administration that did not depend only on them and monitor important services or imperial province , depending of course only to members of the equestrian order. Quite often the procurators from the equestrian order were supported by a freedman procurator, the emperor could better monitor them. Between the first and third century equestrian procurators of the number has risen quite sharply at the same time as putting in place an organization chart based on levels of salary: 60 000 100 000 200 000 sesterces , and after Marcus Aurelius , 300 000 sesterces. A riding career and was developed which began with military service (militia horse), continued among the various positions and could culminate procuratles after positions in the imperial chancery, by major prefectures: Prefecture of the Vigils , the annona , Egypt and finally the courtroom. The equestrian procurators have been studied in considerable detail by Hans-Georg Pflaum whose work is the benchmark of any work on the procurators.
The institution of the procurators seems to appear under Augustus. There are several categories of procurators according to their scope. First, the procurators in the provinces:
- The procurator governor, who heads an unimportant province (province procuratorienne). He combines all the power, military, administrative, judicial and financial. It differs from its counterparts in the larger provinces in that it does not legion under his command, but only ancillary units.
- The procurator fiscal, who serves as deputy for a legate proprtorien, governor of a large imperial province. As its name suggests, its functions are mainly financial and administrative.
In central government, there are several procurators. These functions assigned first to the freedmen, are transferred to the Knights in the Flavian and Antonine.
- Procurators of the fiscus imperial, that is to say, taxes collected in the imperial provinces. This function is unified under the title of procurator has rationibus ("Auditor"), then rationalis under Marcus Aurelius and rationalis summarum rationum under the Severi.
- Ab libellis procurator ("for libel") who heads the office of requests for justice. This is trcnaire procurator, that is to say that his treatment amounted to 300,000 sesterces.
- Procurator has cognitionibus ("knowledge") who heads the office responsible for investigating individual trials judged by the emperor. It is also trcnaire.
- Procurator has studiis ("student") who heads the office of the documentation. It is also a procurator trcnaire
- Ab procurator Epistula Latin ("Latin Letter") who heads the office responsible for official correspondence and publishing the proceedings in Latin. It was created by stripping the office Epistula ab. This centenary is procurator, that is to say, he receives a salary of 100,000 sesterces.
- Ab procurator Epistula grcquis ("Greek letters") who heads the office responsible for official correspondence and publication of documents in Greek. This is sexagenarian procurator, that is to say, it affects 60,000 sesterces.
- Heritage imperial procurator, who is under Septimius Severus the procurator rei Privatae ("private things"). It is the same rank that has rationibus.
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