Private Education In France

In France, freedom of education is one of fundamental principles. The public school has a majority in the educational landscape. Private education is legally regulated and part of the funding is not provided by the community ^{Principle of private education in France}

Current system

In France, the education system depends largely on the competence of the Minister of National Education. However there are some schools that depend on other departments, such as those of agricultural education.

The system of private education in primary and secondary education is mainly provided by law Debr 31 December 1959 , distinguishes three types of private schools, according to their legal and financial relations with the state, via Contracting:

• Private institutions not under contract, who are free content lessons taught in the limit of compliance with compulsory education;
• Private schools under simple contract;
• Private schools under contract with the state association (see below).

Chronology of private education in France

Until the early ^nineteenth century , private education is common. The university had significant legal privileges, very protective.

The issue of private education in France was born in 1806, when Napoleon ^I made the University a state monopoly on education. Schools are designed as barracks, teachers to teach all the same thing at the same time everywhere in France.

Until the late ^twentieth century , it is the subject of heated debates between supporters of the monopoly of public education and advocates of private education, which consider the possibility of private institutions as a consequence natural freedoms of conscience , expression and association.

• May 10 1806 : Law establishing the University Napoleonic;
• 17 March 1808 : Decree establishing the monopoly of the University on primary, secondary and higher education;
• 28 March 1833 : Guizot Law , introducing the possibility of existence of private primary education;
• 15 March 1850 : Falloux law , strengthening the possibility of existence of private primary education and establishing that of secondary education;
• 12 July 1875 : authorize the creation of private schools;
• 18 March 1880 concerning private higher education and prohibiting the use of the word "university" for private higher education institutions;
• 28 September 1951 : Law Mary , which allows you to benefit from state scholarship students in private education;
• 31 December 1959 : Debre law , modified but essentially still in place (see above).

• June 1984 : attempt to reform of Alain Savary : questioning the possibility of private secondary education by the socialist government. Following protests by private schools , the project is withdrawn, and causes the collapse of the government Mauroy.

The possibility for private structures to teach is one of the fundamental principles recognized by the laws of the Republic (decision of the Constitutional Council of 23 November 1977 ). Restrict the freedom to teach is therefore legally possible for reasons of at least equal constitutional value (eg, the obligation to provide every child a decent education). The laws in force prior to 1977 were not subject to control and may contain provisions that would be censored today.

Three Acts, now codified at Education Code , set the framework for private education may be exercised:

• Act of October 30, 1886 for primary education,
• Act of March 15, 1850 for secondary education,
• Act of July 25, 1919 for technical education.

The current relationship between state and private institutions have meanwhile been set by the law of 31 December 1959 called "Debr Act", also codified at Education Code , Art. L.442-1 et seq.

Strictly speaking, the laws set out the principles under which the state behaves with each institution or, possibly, with his staff. The "private education" as a whole is recognized through advisory bodies for which it appoints representatives.

The relationship between government and private institutions: legal aspects

Conditions for the creation of a private primary and secondary education in France

The creation of a private school must be reported to relevant authorities. If the request is made by a foreigner (non EU ) must obtain a permit, after consulting the Academic Council of National Education.

Private schools typically prepare students for official examinations in order to obtain the diplomas awarded by the state, which has a monopoly on university degrees and titles.

Relations with the institutions under contract

Signing a contract between the state and a private school, which will retain its "character", requires that education will be done "in full respect of freedom of conscience" and that "all children regardless of origin, opinions or beliefs "have access .

• Establishments under "simple contract" , which can only be of primary schools, are subject to control educational and financial control of the state. Their teachers, called masters approved, are private sector employees, with an employment contract with their private school, although they are paid by the state.
• Establishments under "contract of association" are subject to the rules and curricula in public education. The contract requires that they meet an "educational need recognized." Teachers are either civil servants (teachers holders of public education, not many) or contract teachers (by far the most numerous). They are subject to the same degree as their counterparts in public schools and recruited into separate competitions. They are paid by the State under the same salary scale. However, their pensions depend on the general arrangements and supplementary pension funds, which indicates a difference in both the net pay (premium rate louder) than in pension entitlements (pensions usually much lower).

For private partnership contracts, then the state assumes the same charges ^{The state control on private non-contract}

All private (non-contract or contract) are subject to an inspection regime.

For schools outside the contract, the inspection covers:

• the required qualifications of principals and teachers,
• compulsory education,
• compulsory education which control has been strengthened by a law of December 18, 1998

(But these institutions are free to adopt or not the curriculum set by the National Education)

• respect for public order and morality,
• preventive health and social.

However the administrative and financial unchecked.

Private institutions of higher education

By law , "Higher education is free." However, certain conditions are met: Reporting to the State , administrators and teachers have not been condemned .

Since the promulgation of the Law of 18 March 1880 on freedom of higher education, private schools are forbidden to call themselves University. The Education Code currently prohibits this use in Article L731-14 .

The term "Free College" can be taken by institutions with sufficient doctors among its teachers .

Among private institutions of higher education, there are business schools ( ESSEC , HEC , ESSCA , ISG , ISEG ...) generally of consular , School of Engineering ( ISEN , EFREI , ECE Paris , ESME Sudria , EPITA , ESTACA , ETH ...), schools computer ( Supinfo , Epitech , ETNA , EPSI ...), School of Aeronautics ( IPSA , ELISA , ESMA , Airways , Mermoz Institute of ...), digital design school ( E-Artsup ) ...

Some schools offer private higher technical sections (STS) or preparatory classes for grandes coles (CPGE).

There are 6 private higher education structures of Catholic inspiration ( Federation of University and Polytechnic of Lille , Institut Catholique de Paris , Institut Catholique de Toulouse , Catholic Institute of Graduate Studies , Faculty of free West and Institut Catholique de Lyon ).

Population

Private education enrollment, in 2007, 2.167 million students:

• 317 000 pupils in kindergarten
• 565 000 in the primary
• 655 000 in college
• 301 000 in high school (general)
• 139 000 in a vocational school
• 108 000 in agricultural education institutions (secondary school)
• 56 000 post-bac in college
• 26,000 in various "Specific Features of schooling" (handicapped etc..)

according to the 2007 budget

References

See also

• French education system

External Links

• Website of the Ministry of Education
• Education Code
• Decision No 77-87 of the Constitutional Council of 23 November 1977

French education system
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Administrative Organization	Ministry of Education Ministry of Higher Education and Research General Inspectorate of Education General Inspectorate of the Administration of National Education and Research Academy Rector and Vice-President ( list ) Inspector Academy Academy Inspector - inspector of schools Inspector of Education
Specialized Agencies	CNOUS CROUS CNVL CAVL Cned CNDP CASNAV CIEP AEFE

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