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Pius Viii

Pius VIII Pope of the Catholic Church

Vir religiosus


Birth name	Francesco Saverio Castiglioni
Birth	20 November 1761 Cingoli , Italy
Election to the papacy	31 March 1829
End of the pontificate	December ^1, 1830
Predecessor	Leo XII
Successor	Gregory XVI
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Francesco Saverio Maria Felice Castiglioni was born on 20 November 1761 at Cingoli in a noble family and was elected Pope Pius VIII (in Latin Italian on 31 March 1829 , he died on 30 November 1830.

Noble family, he completed his studies at the Jesuit college of Osimo. Then, destined for the priesthood, he pursued training in canon law at Bologna and finally Rome. He then lends his support to one of his teachers, Devoti , who works at that time the establishment of a compilation of legal texts.

When Devoti became bishop of Anagni , Francesco Castiglioni then remains in the entourage of the new prelate, chairing the cathedral chapter of the diocese. He then held the same office in the Bishopric of Cingoli led this time by Bishop Severoli.

The entire Italian peninsula between under French rule. In 1800 , Pope Pius VII appointed bishop of Francesco Castiglioni Montaldo. Having refused to swear allegiance to the king of Italy, the prelate was exiled to Mantua and then finally was forced to join France.

In 1816 he was appointed Bishop of Cesena , and finally a few years later, in 1821 , bishop of Frascati. In 1822 , Pius VII students to the highest dignity in the church hierarchy by giving him a cardinal's hat.

After vainly candidate in the conclave of 1823 , which saw the election of Leo XII , Castiglioni became pope 31 March 1829 , after the death of Leo XII, at the age of sixty-eight. He took the name Pius VIII. Stendhal recounts his election in his columns Walks in Rome.

24 May 1829 he published the encyclical traditi Humilitate nostrae.

It is completed, 25 March 1830 by the bubble Litteris Altero, in which he condemns secret societies. It also states that the blessing of the church will be given during the wedding ceremony by having knowledge of a promise made in advance by the prospective spouses to raise their children in the Catholic religion. In the months that follow, this new point of ecclesiastical law becomes a source of conflict in the kingdom of Prussia , a Protestant, between the bishops and the government.

Like his predecessor, Leo XII, Pius VIII condemns liberalism as the ideology conceives of freedom as the right to do whatever we want, and sees it as the basis for any action. Now this idea is opposed to Catholic doctrine that the basis for any action should be looking for what's right and freedom, if it is conceived as an expression of free will, can not be conceived in the exercise of any man's will but only in the exercise of good.

He must also cope with the turmoil that prepares European revolutions of 1848:

this is first Disorders Poland and Belgium;
in the Papal States , he is facing attempted insurrection initiated by Carbonari ;
France, Charles X was replaced by Louis-Philippe d'Orleans : despite the liberalism of the new government, Pius VIII calls the French to join the new sovereign.
the United Kingdom, it allows the political emancipation of Catholics by allowing them to participate in politics.

Pius VIII died in Rome on 30 November 1830.