Pierre Valdo
P. (?) Vaud (ca. 1130 - ca. 1217 ), generally known as Peter Waldo or Valdes is a merchant of Lyons who, after a religious crisis, gave all his possessions to follow the ideal of apostolic poverty and founded a movement known as the . He was eventually excommunicated and banned movement.
Summary |
His name as it existed in Franco-Provenal is not clearly known. We do not have a Latin translation. It can therefore only be a revival. "Waldo" is an Italian form, and nowhere attested. In 1980 G. Gonnet proposes "Vaud" and excludes the hypothesis "Valdo" . Finally, Gabriel Audisio, the proposal "Vaud" is preferred to "Valdes" because the first sounds more like the South at a time when there was still no talk French in Lyon . The name Peter that he sometimes attributed to him in the back as the fourteenth century , 150 after the death of Vaud. It is probably a post-construction with reference to the apostle namesake . For clarity, it is best to call this character "Vaud" without his name.
Biography
In 1179 , Vaud and one of his followers went to Rome. They were welcomed by Pope Alexander III , but more recently by the Curia. They had to explain their vision of faith before a panel of three clergymen and in particular points that were then debate within the Church as the universal priesthood , the gospel in the vernacular, greater poverty of the institution ... Vaud and his friends were not taken seriously, a "committee" which involved Walter Map , representative of King Henry II of England, questioned them on specific points of theology , where they were unable to respond. . The meeting would not thus lead to nothing, and Vaud and his followers initially viewed with suspicion were condemned at the Council Lateran III of that year but not excommunicated.
First protected by Guichard Pontivy , archbishop of Lyon sensitive to the views of the reformist movement, they were driven from the city by his successor John Fair-hands, elected by the cathedral chapter hostile. Persecuted, Vaud and followers settled in the upper valleys of Piedmont , then in France, in Provence : the Waldensian Church was born. excommunicated by the Council of Verona in 1184, his doctrine was condemned by the Lateran Council in 1215.
Lacordaire summarizes the reasons for this conviction: "He thought it impossible to save the Church by the Church. He said the true spouse of Jesus Christ had faltered under Constantine , by accepting the poison of worldly possessions, that the Roman Church was the great prostitute described in the Apocalypse , the mother and mistress of all errors that prelates were scribes , and the religious Pharisees , the Roman Pontiff and all bishops were homicides, and that the clergy should have no land or tithe, that it was a sin to build churches and convents, and all clerics were to make a living work of their hands, like the apostles, that he finally, Vaud, had restored to its foundations primitive society of the true children of God. "
Under his leadership, paid from his pocket the translation of several books of the Bible in Provence around 1180, that gave birth to a popular craze for reading and spread the Bible in the vernacular.
It would be interesting to draw parallels between Vaud and his contemporary Francis of Assisi : both have given up wealth for Jesus Christ. Both have launched preachers on the roads. Vaud was not against the Church The Waldensian movement It would be interesting to note that there still exists in Italy (with a diaspora in Latin America) a Chiesa Valdese, which would be the inspiration Vaudes. The Waldensian refugees in Piedmontese villages sheltered eastern slopes alpine had maintained the principles of the Poor of Lyon. Contacted in the early sixteenth century with the Reformation of Geneva John Calvin and William Farel , there they rallied at the synod of Chanforan in 1532. The Vaudois Protestants and become Francophonie pushes them to finance the first Bible translation into French from Hebrew and Greek Bible is known to Olivtan ( 1535 ), an important step in promoting language French. Protestantism Vaud experience a hard life, made of persecution often parallel to those experienced by their co-religionists in France. It was only in 1848 (February 17) that their religious freedom was recognized by the Piedmontese monarchy. The Chiesa Valdese calls itself a non-hierarchical and democratic design of the Church, considered the assembly of believers. See also
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