Philip Iv Of France
| Philip IV | ||
| King of France | ||
 | ||
Philip IV the Fair (artist) | ||
| Reign | ||
| 5 October 1285 - 29 November 1314 &&&&&&&&&& 010 646 29 years, 1 month and 24 days | ||
| Rite | 6 January 1286 at the Cathedral of Reims | |
|---|---|---|
| Dynasty | Capetian | |
| Full track | King of France King of Navarre | |
| Predecessor | Philip III | |
| Successor | Louis X | |
| Heir | Louis de France  | |
| Other functions | ||
| King of Navarre ( swear uxoris ) | ||
| Period 14 August 1284 - 29 November 1314 | ||
| President | {{{}}} President1 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique1 | |
| Monarch | Philip I(co-monarch with Dr. Joanna I (1284-1305)) | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur1 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Council | {{{President}}} COUNCIL1 | |
| Predecessor | Joanna I re | |
| Successor | Louis I. | |
| {{{Feature2}}} | ||
| Period {{{Start}} feature2} - {{{end}}} feature2 | ||
| President | {{{}}} President2 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique2 | |
| Monarch | {{{}}} Monarque2 | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur2 | |
| Predecessor | {{{}}} Prdcesseur2 | |
| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur2 | |
| {{{}}} Fonction3 | ||
| Period {{{Start}} fonction3} - {{{end}}} fonction3 | ||
| President | {{{}}} Chairperson3 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique3 | |
| Monarch | {{{}}} Monarque3 | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur3 | |
| Predecessor | {{{}}} Prdcesseur3 | |
| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur3 | |
| {{{}}} Fonction4 | ||
| Period {{{Start}} fonction4} - {{{end}}} fonction4 | ||
| President | {{{}}} Prsident4 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique4 | |
| Monarch | {{{}}} Monarque4 | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur4 | |
| Predecessor | {{{}}} Prdcesseur4 | |
| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur4 | |
| {{{}}} Fonction5 | ||
| Period {{{Start}} fonction5} - {{{end}}} fonction5 | ||
| President | {{{}}} Prsident5 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique5 | |
| Monarch | {{{}}} Monarque5 | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur5 | |
| Predecessor | {{{}}} Prdcesseur5 | |
| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur5 | |
| {{{}}} Fonction6 | ||
| Period {{{Start}} fonction6} - {{{end}}} fonction6 | ||
| President | {{{}}} Prsident6 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique6 | |
| Monarch | {{{}}} Monarque6 | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur6 | |
| Predecessor | {{{}}} Prdcesseur6 | |
| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur6 | |
| {{{}}} Fonction7 | ||
| Period {{{Start}} fonction7} - {{{end}}} fonction7 | ||
| President | {{{}}} Prsident7 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique7 | |
| Monarch | {{{}}} Monarque7 | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur7 | |
| Predecessor | {{{}}} Prdcesseur7 | |
| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur7 | |
| {{{}}} Fonction8 | ||
| Period {{{Start}} fonction8} - {{{end}}} fonction8 | ||
| President | {{{}}} Prsident8 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique8 | |
| Monarch | {{{}}} Monarque8 | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur8 | |
| Predecessor | {{{}}} Prdcesseur8 | |
| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur8 | |
| {{{}}} Fonction9 | ||
| Period {{{Start}} fonction9} - {{{end}}} fonction9 | ||
| President | {{{}}} Prsident9 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique9 | |
| Monarch | {{{}}} Monarque9 | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur9 | |
| Predecessor | {{{}}} Prdcesseur9 | |
| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur9 | |
| {{{}}} Fonction10 | ||
| Period {{{Start}} fonction10} - {{{end}}} fonction10 | ||
| President | {{{}}} Prsident10 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique10 | |
| Monarch | {{{}}} Monarque10 | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur10 | |
| Predecessor | {{{}}} Prdcesseur10 | |
| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur10 | |
| Biography | ||
| Birth | 1268 | |
Fontainebleau ,  Kingdom of France | ||
| Deaths | 29 November 1314 (46 years) | |
| Fontainebleau , Kingdom of France | ||
| Father | Philip III | |
| Mother | Isabella of Aragon | |
| Spouse (s) | Dr. Joanna I of Navarre | |
| Descent | Louis X Daisy ( one thousand two hundred ninety - one thousand two hundred ninety-four ) Philip V Isabelle de France White (v. 1293 -v. 1294 ) Charles IV Robert (c. 1296 - 1308 ) | |
| Residence (s) | Paris | |
.svg) | ||
| Kings of France | ||
Philip IV of France, said Philippe le Bel Biography Born in 1268 in Fontainebleau , he is the son of King Philip III of France (Philip the Bold) ( 1245 - 1285 ) and his first wife Isabella of Aragon. Her father says a part of the education of young Philippe Guillaume d'Ercuis , his chaplain. Unlike his father, Philip the Fair receives the care of his tutor, a good education . It includes Latin and likes to study. Nicknamed by his enemies as by his admirers the "King of marble" or "Iron King", he stands by his personality rigid and severe. One of his fiercest opponents, the Bishop of Pamiers Saisset Bernard , also said of him: "It is neither man nor beast. It is a statue. Philip the Fair was a king who raised during his reign many controversies, Pope Boniface VIII, for example dealing with the " forger ". On 14 August 1284 , Philip married at the age of 16 years Dr. Joanna I of Navarre ( queen of Navarre from 1274 to 1305 ), which gives it the title of King of Navarre (Philip I) from 1284 to 1305. From this union were born seven children: During the reign of Philip IV, the feudal traditions are abandoned to establish a modern administration. But the great centralized monarchy discontented nobles and new taxes rise the bourgeoisie against the royal power. With the help of lawyers, including his faithful collaborator Guillaume de Nogaret , Philip IV becomes truly a still feudal state into a modern monarchy where the king's will is imposed on all, and a national tax is levied on all the kingdom of France. His reign was particularly agitated about the monetary side. The king and his advisers increasing emissions of new currencies. Successive devaluations revaluations, which give a sense of incoherence of the royal policy. These mutations ultimately result in a monetary general discontent in the kingdom. Between 1306 and his death, the king faced riots popular but also noble in leagues that require, among other things, the return to good money. In practice, the king does not control all the settings of monetary policy. The Assemblies of prelates and barons , convened periodically in the early fourteenth century to give their views on the currency issue, demanding all the money back to the good of St. Louis , somewhat idealized. It is true that monetary policy of Philip the Fair is anything but stable. The monetary system has been shaken from top to bottom. This situation, which had no historical precedent, contrast sharply with the currency practices of his predecessors, Saint Louis and Philip the Bold , whose coinages are then considered as models of stability. For public opinion, the result of mutations is easy to understand: that the king acts as its right, any conversion of currency is treated as an unfair abuse or even outright falsification. Moreover, the reign of Philip the Fair results in a period of major change. The most remarkable innovation of this period is undoubtedly the emergence of sustainable emissions currencies of gold. The return to a true bimetallism was accompanied by severe currency crises, fueled by speculative international currency competition stately and inconsistencies in the monetary system. The lack of precious metals causes a sharp devaluation of the currency of account, which translates in practice by many news currencies. The inflation caused by these mutations, displeased the nobility, the burghers of good towns and the Church who see their income diminished considerably. Revaluation parts of silver and bullion are attempted but the result is that more mixed: riots erupt, and most importantly, the money ends up not being coined as the purchase price is set too low. The king , after having tried everything to stabilize its currency, eventually find themselves in a difficult political position. At the end of his reign, he must face a revolt of his subjects. To clean up the finances of the kingdom's most indebted in Europe ) and the Templars. He tried to overcome its financial difficulties in trying to establish taxes regularly by heavily taxing the Jews and the Lombards , sometimes confiscating their property and practicing the devaluations of currency. He retained the monetary wealth of the Knights Templar after dissolved. He centralized royal power, reaching a level without boundaries. The harsh economic crisis suffered by the kingdom of France during his reign caused large movements of revolt from the people but also nobility and the aristocracy. To counter these serious economic difficulties, he appealed to alterations in the value of the course of the currency , but these measures severely struck the little people. For the passage of the French army to evacuate the Guyenne , Philippe gave his sister, Marguerite of France , in marriage to King Edward I of England , and promises his daughter, Isabella of France , the son born of the previous union (later King Edward II of England ). Philip IV surrounded by lawyers, competent advisors who play a decisive role in its policy. The lawyers belong mostly to the start, and then the gentry, the bourgeoisie or nobility. The lawyers have appeared under Philip Augustus and are trained in Roman law to change a feudal monarchy where the king's powers are limited by his vassals, to an absolute monarchy. It concludes that centralization begun by his grandfather, Louis IX , but this system will be challenged by direct Valois. Besides the lawyers, the king is surrounded by his heirs and his family. The administration of the kingdom, limited to the royal court with his predecessors, will be divided into three sections under the reign of Philip the Fair: These changes went Philippe Le Bel unpopular in all levels of society. Philip IV also created the embryo of the States-General , in ordering assemblies with representatives of three orders: the clergy, the nobility and bourgeoisie (by this time we do not talk about the Third Estate ). These meetings were not very satisfied, only during crises and did not have much power, their role is merely to approve the proposals of the king and his advisers. During the reign of Philip IV of France gave up its feudal traditions to become a state with a modern administration. But the centralized monarchy displeased the great nobles, the new taxes pitched against the bourgeois power, and farmers, burdened with various taxes, rebelled. When the Count of Flanders , Guy of Dampierre , allied with King Edward I of England , broke his homage to the vassal king of France in 1297, Philip IV mobilized 60,000 men to invade his county, but nevertheless suffered two setbacks: The reign of Philip the Fair is marked by its differences with Pope Boniface VIII , whose central point is the right attributes to himself as Philip the Fair-tax-imposing the church property located in the UK, France. What will challenge the Pope, anxious to preserve the strength of the principle of pre-eminence of the Pope over kings, the spiritual power over temporal power. The decretal Clericis laicos of 24 February 1296 is the starting point. Boniface VIII, who then other concerns (conflicts with the Aragonese of Sicily and Colonna ), is in trouble and, despite his haughty, soon yields. The bubbles Romana mater (February 1297 ) and ETSI status (July 1297 ) give the king won. This document contains a formal renunciation of the claims raised in defense of church property against the arbitrary rule of kings in the decretal Clericis laicos. However, in 1302 , by the bull Unam Sanctam , Boniface VIII declares the superiority of spiritual over temporal power, and thereby the superiority of the Pope over kings, the latter being responsible to the head of the Church. In fact, it tries to establish a theocracy West. Philip the Fair brings together a council of bishops of France to condemn the Pope, as well as assemblies of nobles and bourgeois in Paris (precursors of the States-General , appearing for the first time in his reign). The king sought the support of all his subjects in order to legitimize its struggle against the pope. This threat of excommunication and the interdict throw the kingdom of France. With the support of the people and clergy, the king sends his advisor (and future Lord Chancellor ), Sir William de Nogaret , with a small armed escort to Italy in order to stop the Pope and have him tried by a council. Nogaret was soon joined by a personal enemy of Boniface VIII, Sciarra Colonna , a member of the Roman nobility, which indicates that the Pope took refuge at Anagni , the pope's summer residence near Rome, and stronghold of Caetani, the pope's family. On 7 September 1303 , and Colonna Nogaret arrive at Anagni and the pope are alone in the great hall of the episcopal palace Caetani abandoned by his supporters. The 68-year-old man is sitting on a high seat, in ceremonial dress, and do not react to the outbreak of armed troops. In light of William and Sciarra Colonna Nogaret approaching, he tilts his head slightly and said: "This is my head, that's my neck, at least I'll die pope! Destruction of the Order of the Temple Friday 13 October 1307 , the Templars were imprisoned and tortured to admit to heresy in their order. The Master of the Order, Jacques de Molay , was burnt at the stake in Paris in 1314 after being declared relapsed. It was during his execution, when Jacques de Molay burned, he would have uttered his famous curse, operated by French writer Maurice Druon in his historical novel in seven volumes, the Kings cursed : In fact, according to Geoffrey of Paris , an eyewitness of the event and chronicler of the time, under the curse would have been : A succession of misfortunes now touched the Capetian royal family , the most famous is the adulterous affair of two daughters of the King (Case of the Tour de Nesle). Marguerite de Bourgogne , Capet, daughter of Duke Robert II of Burgundy ( 1248 - 1306 ) and Agnes of France ( 1260 - 1325 ) Jeanne of Burgundy and White Burgundy , both daughters of Count Otto IV de Bourgogne and Countess Mahaut of Artois , marry respectively the kings Louis X of France , Philippe V of France and Charles IV of France , the three son of Philip the Fair. During the reign of Philip the Fair, the royal domain was expanded with the political subjugation of the great feudal and also: In April 1314 , the year of the death of Philip the Fair, a major scandal: Margaret of Burgundy , wife of Louis X of France , already king of Navarre (by his mother, Dr. Joan I of Navarre ), and Blanche of Burgundy , wife of Charles (future Charles IV le Bel ), are denounced by Isabella of France (daughter of Philip the Fair and queen of England ) in the case of the Tour de Nesle. They have deceived their husbands with the brothers Philip and Gauthier Aunay , both Knights of the Royal Hotel. An investigation is conducted and the two brothers confessed adulterous relationships with two daughters-in-the king. The two lovers are tried and convicted of lese majeste , and are executed on the spot in the plaza at Pontoise : skinned alive, sex sliced and thrown to the dogs, they were finally beheaded, their bodies dragged and hanged by underarm to the gallows. Such cruelty is explained by the affront to the royal family, but also by affecting the institutions of the kingdom: the act threatens the dynasty Capetian and the Kingdom of France. "What were the legitimacy and sovereign authority of a future which could have been put in doubt the royal paternity? " The political implications are so serious that the punishment must be exemplary. Margaret of Burgundy is bound to be mowed and driving in a carriage covered with black sheets to Chateau-Gaillard. Housed in a cell open to the wind atop the tower, she died in 1315 (some say she was strangled, but his conditions of incarceration do not doubt one died of exhaustion). White Burgundy is mowed but also enjoys a "preferential treatment": it is imprisoned for seven years and then obtained permission to take the religious habit. Female cadet and not the future king of France (at least that is what one believes, as her husband becomes King Charles IV the Fair in 1322 ), White has treated less cruel than his step-sister. She became queen of France in prison on February 21 , until her marriage to be annulled on May 19 by Pope John XXII. As to the third, the Countess Jeanne of Burgundy and Artois , the future wife of Philip V of France , it is enclosed Dourdan for keeping this secret. Supported by her mother Mahaut of Artois , she reconciles with her husband, King Philip the Long and becomes queen of France in 1317. In November 1314 , Philip the Fair visits his uncle Count Robert de Clermont , . His heart was deposited in the Church of the Priory of Poissy in an urn found in 1687 while working in one of the vaults. His body will be buried in the basilica of Saint-Denis. His grave , like those of other princes and dignitaries sitting in this place, will be desecrated by the revolutionaries in 1793. The nature of this great sovereign power remains an enigma: he was the plaything of his ministers or the first " absolute king "? Most analysis tends towards the latter, given its political term indicating a single will and consistent (as he often changed his advisers), and his uncompromising character. With the help of lawyers, it really transforms a still feudal state into a modern monarchy where the king's will is imposed on all, and a national tax is levied on the whole kingdom of France. It also expands the territory of the kingdom, including the annexation of Lille after signing the Treaty of Athis-sur-Orge. His contemporaries deem as being of rare beauty, and her entire physical "seemed a vivid picture of the grandeur and majesty of the kings of France" (based on a medieval chronicle). In 824 , the Third Battle of Roncesvalles against the Franks finally allows the Basques to create the Kingdom of Pamplona With the death of the last king of Basque lineage, which lasted five centuries, the kingdom of Navarre , will erode the benefit of States in training courses, both north and south of the Pyrenees. Capetian House of Bourbon: Henri III de Bourbon (1572-1610) Education
Personality
Marriage and children
Financial Policy
Disorder and monetary instability
Fiscal Consolidation of the kingdom
Towards a centralist and state administrator
The attempted conquest of Flanders
Increasing the royal estate
Scandal caused by the king's daughters-
Death
Posterity
In popular culture
Historical novel
Television
References
Notes
Bibliography
Related articles
External Links
Titles
Preceded by Philip IV of France Followed by Philip III 
King of France 
1285 - 1314 Louis X of France
(Dr. Louis I of Navarre) Joanna I re 
King of Navarre
Comte de Champagne
with Dr. Joanna I 1285 - 1314 - Dukes of Vascony Trust Frankish Loup II (768-778) Sancho I. Wolf (778-812). In rebellion against the Franks: . Php? Title = S% C3% A9guin_Ier_de_Gascogne & action = edit & RedLINK = 1 "class =" new "title =" Seguin I de Gascogne (non-existent page) "> Seguin I of Gascony (812-816) Garcia Eneko I. Centulle ( 816-819) Wolf Centulle III (819-824) 
Kings of Pamplona Iiguez family: Eneko Aritza (825-851/2) (First King) Garcia Iiguez I. (851/2-882) Fortun Garcia (882-905) Kings of Pamplona and Navarre Jimenez Family: Sancho I. (905-925) Jimeno Garcs I. (925-931) Garcia Sanchez I. (931-970) Sancho II Garcs Abarca (970-994) Garcia Sanchez II (994-1000 / 1004) Sancho III the Great (1004-1035) Garcia Sanchez III (1035-1054) Garcs Sancho IV (1054-1076) (1076-1094) Peter I. Navarra (1094-1104) Alfonso I of Navarre (1104-1134) Garca V of Navarre (1134-1150) Kings of Navarre Sancho VI the Wise (1150-1194) Sancho VII the Strong (1194-1234) , .
Champagne House: Dr. Blanche I (Heiress) Thibaut I. (1234-1253) Thibaut II (1253-1270) Henry I (1270-1274) Dr. Joan I (1274-1305) and Philip I.
Capetian House: Dr. Joanna I (1274-1305) Louis I (1305-1316) Philip II (1316-1322) Charles I of Navarre (1322-1328)
Capetian House of Evreux: Joan II of Navarre (1328-1349) and Philip III of Navarre (1328-1343) Charles II of Navarre (1349-1387) Charles III of Navarre (1387-1425) Dr. Blanche I of Navarre (1425-1441) and John II of Aragon
House Trastamara: John II of Aragon (1425-1479) Dr. Eleanor I of Navarre (1479)
House of Foix: Francis I of Foix (1479-1483) Dr. Catherine I of Navarre (1483-1517) and John III d'Albret (1484-1516) Kings of Lower Navarre House of Albret: John III of Navarre (1484-1516) Henry II of Navarre (1517-1555) Jeanne III d'Albret (1555-1572) and Antoine de Bourbon (1555-1562) Names used in Navarre (Start and end of reign)
List of kings of Navarre Commissioners Gilles Aycelin Guillaume Durand William Bonnet Raynaud La Porte Matthew Naples John of Mantua John Montlaur William Argan Protagonists Clement V Philippe le Bel Other Knights Templar Jacques de Molay Portal: Knights Templar
Loading ...