Patriarch Religion
Patriarch is a title used in a number of Christian churches, including the Roman Catholic Church , the Orthodox Church and Eastern Churches. Some Eastern Churches also use the title of Catholicos. The term comes from ancient Greek patriarkhs, meaning "father, head of the family."
In the Roman Catholic church, the patriarchs of the Roman Empire covered, while the Catholicos designate their equivalent in territories outside the empire (in Armenia and in the current Iraq in particular). Also known as "patriarch minor."
The five great patriarchs
By analogy with the terms of the Old Testament, it was used until the fifth century as a synonym for bishop. Nevertheless he pointed to already hold a greater authority, than that of metropolitan areas. The first three patriarchs are those of Rome , Antioch and Alexandria. At the Council of Chalcedon in 451 were created from the patriarchates Jerusalem and Constantinople , the latter being recognized by the pope in 1215. It is nevertheless from this council that can speak officially for the patriarchs, and even Pentarchy , not just rule between bishops. These five cities are the headquarters of several patriarchates each belonging to different churches.
Patriarchs of Antioch
The siege of Antioch was the third time in the Christendom, behind Rome and Alexandria , and was founded by Ignatius of Antioch in 69. The city is currently home to several patriarchs belonging to different churches.
- Maronite Patriarch of Antioch and All the East : seat erected in 1110 within the Catholic Church , when the Maronites separated since the beginning of the eighth century to unite it. Its current owner is His Beatitude Mar Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir. He has his residence in Bkerke in Lebanon.
- Patriarch of Antioch and All the East (Greek Orthodox): seat erected in 325, the current holder is His Beatitude Ignatius IV Hazim since 1980. He serves in reality to Damascus in Syria. Its jurisdiction covers Syria, Lebanon and Iraq and the diaspora from these countries.
- Patriarch of Antioch and All the East (Syrian Orthodox): built in 544 by the Christians who refused the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon on the dual nature of Christ. His owner is His Holiness Ignatius Zakka I Iwas , he sits on Damascus.
- Latin Patriarch of Antioch : the title created in 1119 during the Crusades was abolished in 1964.
- Patriarch of Antioch and All the East Syrians (Syrian Catholic): built in 1662 for the Syrian Orthodox who decided to join Rome. His owner is His Beatitude Ignatius Joseph Younan III , Patriarch of Antioch and All the East Syrians, since 2009. The seat of the patriarchate is Beirut in Lebanon
- Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, Alexandria and Jerusalem Melkites : erected in 1728 within the Catholic Church for the small Greek Orthodox community who decided to unite with Rome. Its current owner is His Beatitude Gregory III Laham sits in Damascus Patriarchs of Alexandria Main article: Patriarch of Alexandria.
According to tradition, the Patriarchate of Alexandria was founded in 42 by the Evangelist Mark. Alexandria is now the official seat of several patriarchs.
- Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the Preaching of St. Mark and All Africa (Coptic Orthodox): founded in 451 by the Christians who refused the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon. Its current owner is His Holiness Abba Shenouda III of Alexandria actually sitting in Cairo
- Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa (Greek Orthodox): its current owner is His Beatitude Theodoros II since 2004.
- Patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts (Coptic Catholic): Founded in 1895, its current owner is His Beatitude Antonios Naguib actually sitting in Cairo.
- Latin Patriarch of Alexandria : Founded in 1341, it was abolished in 1964.
Patriarchs of Jerusalem
Among the most prestigious seat of Christianity, because of the status of the holy city, Jerusalem is now home to several patriarchates :
- Patriarch of the Holy City of Jerusalem and all Palestine (Greek Orthodox): founded in 451. The current owner is His Beatitude Theophilus III , Patriarch of the Holy City of Jerusalem and all Palestine. Its jurisdiction extends over all Christians Orthodox of Israel , of Palestine and Jordan
- Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem : founded in 1099 by the Crusaders. He became after the loss of the city a purely honorary title in the Catholic Church, but returned jurisdiction over the Catholics of the East in 1847. The current owner is His Beatitude Fouad Twal since 2008.
- Armenian Apostolic Patriarch of the throne of St. Jacques de Jerusalem : there since 638. The current owner is His Beatitude Torkom Manoogian II since 1990 .
Patriarchs of Constantinople
His Holiness Bartholomew I.
Although not based directly by one of the Apostles , the siege of Constantinople is extremely prestigious because of the status of ancient imperial capital city.
- Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch : founded in 381, it is considered by the Orthodox as the primus inter pares of Orthodox Patriarchs. This legal rule is not comparable to the disciplinary authority of the Pope and dogmatic, but rather a regulatory role and spiritual direction of world Orthodoxy. The current owner is His Holiness Bartholomew I..
- Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople : founded in 1461. Its current owner is His Beatitude Mesrob II Mutafyan
- Latin Patriarch of Constantinople : founded in 1204 by the Crusaders. It was abolished in 1964, after he became for centuries a purely honorary title following the fall of the Latin Empire of Constantinople.
Patriarch of Rome
Main article: Patriarch of the West.At the siege of Rome are affected patriarchal two titles:
- because the territory: the Pope , Bishop of Rome is Patriarch of the West. This title appears about 325. In 2006 , Benedict XVI decided to no longer appear as such in the Pontifical Yearbook , but so far without deleting the patriarchate of the West remains one of the major subdivisions of the Catholic Church.
- because the church sui juris of which he is the head: the Pope is the Patriarch of the Latin Church.
Other patriarchs of the canonical Orthodox Church
- Patriarch of Bulgaria, Metropolitan of Sofia : patriarchy erected in 919, its current owner is His Holiness Maxim of Sofia since 1971.
- Archbishop of Mtskheta and Tbilisi, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia : founded in 484 and built in patriarchy in 1010, its current owner is His Holiness Elijah II Tbilisi since 1977.
- Petch Archbishop, Metropolitan of Belgrade-Karlovtzy and Patriarch of Serbia : in 1219, the current holder is His Holiness Paul of Belgrade since 1990.
- Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia : Established in 1589, independent of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. It was abolished in 1721 by Peter the Great. It was restored in 1918 following the fall of the Tsars, as the Church manifested a strong desire for emancipation. But after the death of patriarch Thikone , it takes 1943 to the Patriarch Sergius is elected. The current incumbent is His Holiness Cyril I. since January 27, 2009.
- Archbishop of Bucharest, Metropolitan of Montene and Dobrogea, Locum Tenens of Caesarea in Cappadocia, Patriarch of All Romania and President of the Holy Synod : Founded in 1925, its current owner is His Beatitude Daniel of Bucharest since 2007.
Other patriarchs of the Catholic Church
Patriarchs of the Latin Church
- Patriarch of Aquileia (Head of the Evangelist Mark ): founded in 533, transferred 568 to Grado.
- Patriarch of Grado : Founded in 568 by transferring the Partriarcat of Aquileia, transferred to Venice by Nicolas V 8 July 1451.
- Patriarch of Venice : Established on October 8th 1457 by transfer of the Patriarchate of Grado. Present Incumbent: His Eminence Cardinal Angelo Scola.
- Patriarch of Lisbon : Founded November 7, 1716. Present Incumbent: His Eminence Cardinal Jose da Cruz Policarpo.
- Patriarch of Aquitaine : Founded in 1232 in favor of the Archbishop of Bourges. Present Incumbent: His Excellency Mgr Armand Maillard.
- Patriarch of the West Indies : Founded in 1520, vacant since 1963.
- The title of Patriarch of East Indies was granted on 1 September 1886 to the Archbishop of Goa (India), when it held power under Padroado it was removed. Present Incumbent: His Beatitude Archbishop Filipe Neri Antnio Sebastio do Rosrio Ferro.
In the Latin Church, Patriarch of the title, such as Primate , apart from honorary prerogatives, usually does not include any power of government (except, of course, the title of Patriarch of Rome and the West, held by the Pope ) . Titles other than the Patriarch of Rome give the holder the name of His Beatitude.Heraldry
Arms of the Patriarchs not cardinal The Latin patriarchs who are not cardinals timbrent their weapons, as the Archbishop of the cross with two crossbars, and green hat with five rows of tufts, like cardinals.
The cord and tassels are sometimes represented son interspersed with gold.
The Patriarch of Lisbon uses the tiara as heraldic stamp instead of the hat, but replaces the keys used in the papal coat of arms by the patriarchal cross and double crosses lacrosse. Until recently, he wore this tiara with three crowns during the ceremonies. It would have been granted by Pope Clement XII. There seems no authentic document of this concession. The patriarch also used the sedia gestatoria and imitated other uses to accompany the Sovereign Pontiff in public.
Eastern Patriarchs
- Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans : founded in 1551. Present Incumbent: His Beatitude Emmanuel III Delly Karim.
Armenian Patriarchs
- Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians : founded in 314, the current holder is His Holiness Garguine Nersissian II since 1999.
- Patriarch of Cilicia of the Armenians : founded in 1742. Present Incumbent: His Beatitude Nerses Bedros XIX Tarmouni since 1999.
Other Coptic patriarchs
- Patriarch and Catholicos of Ethiopia, Itchgu Headquarters Takla Haymanot and Archbishop of Axum : Founded in 1951, the holder is His Beatitude Paul Yohannes Gebre since 1992.
- Patriarch of Eritrea : Founded in 1993, the holder is His Beatitude Anthony I. Eritrea since 2002.
Nestorian Patriarchs
- Catholicos-Patriarch of the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East : founded in 424, the current holder: His Holiness Mar Dinkha IV.
- Catholicos-Patriarch of the ancient Church of the East : Founded in 1968, current owner: His Holiness Mar Addai II Baghdad
Patriarchs of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , the office of Patriarch is an office belonging to the priesthood of Melchizedek. This office is sometimes referred to as "evangelist" (Ephesians 4:11 ). Gives a patriarch patriarchal blessings in which are declared:
- the lineage of the person in the house of Israel ;
- recommendations and promises of God for the person who receives it.
Main article: Priesthood (Mormonism).Orthodox Patriarchs non-canonical
There are many churches non-canonical Orthodox tradition, or inspired by the Orthodox tradition. Their leaders often claim to be patriarch.
- The head of the Turkish Orthodox Church , noncanonical, also carries the title of patriarch.
References
See also
Related articles
Loading ...