Paradise
Borrowed from Latin Christian Paradisus (Greek ) "closed park where wild animals Origin of Greek
Xenophon tells in the Anabasis shipment of 10 000 and particularly at Sardis in Asia Minor Cyrus them around his garden. The Greeks are dazzled, they know nothing of the kind and name the splendor Xenophon uses the Persian word for walled garden : Paradissos, whence paradise.
Persian Origin
When a Persian king wanted to honor someone who was dear to him, he called him "friend of the garden, and gave him the right to walk in the garden with him. It is probably an echo of this practice in the Bible where God is described in the image of the king, "they heard the Lord God walking in the garden at the breath of day" (Genesis 3:8).
In Judaism
The Hebrew book of Genesis speaks only of "Garden of Eden (Gan Eden). ecumenical translation of the Bible , Book of Genesis:
- 2:8 "The Lord God planted a garden in Eden, east, and there he put the man he had formed. The Lord God made every tree sprouting from the ground looking attractive and good for food, the tree of life in the midst of the garden and the tree of knowledge of what is good or bad. "
- 3:23 "The Lord God expelled him In Christianity
In the Christian religion , there are two paradises: the earthly paradise and the heavenly paradise.
The Garden of Eden
The Paradise The heavenly paradise
According to the common idea, the heavenly paradise is the home of the souls of the righteous after death. This is not a physical place but a spiritual state , where the righteous will experience eternal happiness, perfect and infinite in the contemplation of God . The earthly paradise was the image of the heavenly paradise.
It is also by choice, unlike the souls of those who reject God are separated from him and this "self-exclusion" (Catechism of the Catholic Church) is the hell because we ' Self-effectively excludes Love and Happiness, God is one and another.
In the Gospel according to Luke , chapter 23 verse 42, the good thief , crucified next to Jesus asked him:
- "Jesus, remember me when you come to greet your brothers. "
- Jesus replied:
- "Amen I say to you today with me, you'll be in paradise. "
Note: Additional translations The Protestant
The liberal Protestant thought instead addresses the design of the sky in the direction of a "service of God in favor of a universal moral progress."
In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The definition of heaven, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormon Church, is based on Chapter 76 of the Doctrine and Covenants , and 1 Corinthians in the Bible , a version of King Jacques.
The afterlife is first divided into two parts to the Last Judgement and is then divided into four levels, three of which are described as degrees of glory which, by way of illustration, are compared to heavenly bodies.
Before the Last Judgement, minds, separated from their physical body at death, will be in paradise, either to the spirit prison based on their merits acquired in life.
- Heaven is a place to rest while its inhabitants continue to learn and prepare for the Last Judgement.
- The spirit prison is a place of anguish and suffering for the wicked and the unrepentant but missionary work is performed among these spirits in prison to enable them to repent, accept the Gospel, the Atonement and receive baptism through the practice of baptism for the dead.
After the resurrection and the Last Judgement, people are sent to one of four levels:
- The celestial kingdom is the highest level, with its power and glory like the sun. Here, the faithful and courageous followers of Christ who accepted the fullness of His gospel and kept their alliances through the prophets of their respective dispensation are reunited with their families and with God the Father, Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit for all eternity. Those who have accepted the gospel with all their heart if they had the opportunity in life (after trial by Christ and God the Father) also point in the celestial kingdom.
The Latter-day Saints do not believe in the concept of original sin, but believe they are innocent children through the atonement. Therefore, all children who die before the age of accountability will inherit this glory. Men and women who contracted celestial marriage are eligible, under the guidance of God the Father, to become gods and goddesses as joint-heirs with Jesus Christ.
- The earthly kingdom, whose power and glory are comparable to that of the moon, is reserved for:
- those who heard and rejected the full Gospel in life, but lived a righteous life,
- those who accepted the Gospel but did not continue the marriage, the ongoing process of faith, repentance and service to others,
- those who died without law (D & C 76:72), but accepted the full Gospel and repented after death due to missionary work done with the spirits in prison.
God the Father does not come in the earthly kingdom, but Jesus Christ visits them and the Holy Spirit is with them.
- The United telestial which is comparable to the glory of the stars. Those who go into the kingdom telestial suffer the pains of hell after death because they were liars, murderers, adulterers, blasphemers, etc.. They were finally saved from hell and are redeemed by the power of the atonement at the end of the millennium. Despite his condition less in eternity, the kingdom telestial is described as being better than the Earth in its current state. Suffering is the result of a full knowledge of the sins and choices which have permanently removed a person from the extreme joy that comes from being in the presence of God and Jesus Christ, even if it has the Holy Spirit with it.
- The kingdom of perdition, or darkness, is the lowest level and has no glory. It is reserved for Satan, his angels, and those who committed the unpardonable sin. This is the lowest state possible in the eternities and which very few people born in this world will be reduced, because the unforgivable sin requires that the person knows with perfect knowledge that the gospel is true, that the has rejected and is then opposed to God. The only son of Perdition is Cain, he is generally accepted that he probably lived across the centuries.
In Islam
Main article: Jannah.The Qur'an uses the word most often garden (Arabic: janna ), singular or plural to refer to heaven. At eleven times, the phrase "garden of Eden" is used ( dna , Eden). There are also two times the word "paradise" (firdaws , pl. farads, from the Persian paradise , garden vineyard) .
The Qur'an also gives descriptions:
There are rivers like the paradise of Genesis , but there is not only flowing water:
There are eternal virgins:
"There, there will be virtuous and beautiful.
Which favors of your Lord will you deny?
Of houris cloistered in pavilions
Which favors of your Lord will you deny?
before them neither man nor jinn has deflowered.
Which favors of your Lord will you deny?
Reclining on green cushions and beautiful carpets and thick.
Which favors of your Lord will you deny ? "And ephebes :
"Among them circulate eternally young boys,
with bowls, ewers and a glass (filled) a liquor source
nor does their cause headaches or dizziness;
and the fruits of their choice,
and all flesh flies as they desire.
And they will have houris eyes, big and beautiful
Similar to shell Beads
reward for what they did . "You can drink wine because it does not intoxicate:
"Surely those who believe and do righteous deeds, those are the best of creatures, their reward is with God, the gardens of Eden beneath which rivers flow. They will remain there for eternity, God be pleased with Him and them, that's for anyone who fears his Lord. Surah 98. Proof (Al-Bayyinah). Verse 7-8 in Islam also said that the power of God is so great that one can not imagine heaven (not enough imagination)
In modern spiritualities
According to the esoteric
According to the modern esoteric, namely theosophism of Helena Blavatsky , anthroposophy of Rudolf Steiner , Mikhael Omraam Aivanhov and many others, reincarnationists ago after the death of the physical body, survival of some subtle bodies , then heaven and hell, finally reincarnation. Occident wrote: death, "you leave the various body you have to release one after another: first the physical body, then some time later, a week or two, the etheric body , and then the body chart , and there is a lot longer, because in the astral plane are piled passions, lusts, all the sentiments below. And that's the hell : the astral and lower mental As spiritualist philosophies
From the works of Emanuel Swedenborg and Allan Kardec , the more one progresses and develops its qualities during his earthly life, the more the world that welcomes the above is changed .
The theory of development
According to Ostad Elahi , the soul survives bodily death and goes to states of well-being (Paradise) or ill-being (hell) that are the expression of the nature of the acts committed during the existence on earth. But the soul can reach the size of Perfection (Kamal), a condition that is well beyond the paradise described by the prophets. The latter, "compared to perfection, is very little and very basic. It belongs to those who have done good but have not yet reached perfection . According to Ostad Elahi, paradise, as presented by the major religions can be designed and planned by man but it is really that "fun". For, says he, "the dimension of spiritual perfection has a tasting beyond any other, none of the equivalent .
References
- The term "paradise" does not exist in the Hebrew text of Genesis. This is a chapter title in some editions added (such as the Vulgate) to make the original text easier to read. The original text of Genesis is written without chapter headings (see eg the Bible) and therefore does not mention any earthly paradise.
- 1 John 3, 2), face to face and 1 Cor 13, 12, Ap 22, 4
- http://www.vatican.va/archive/FRA0013/__P2J.HTM
- Official translation of the Roman Catholic Church for the liturgy.
- Qur'an, The Cave XVIII 107 and Believers XXIII, 11
- Qur'an, Women, IV, 57
- Qur'an, Muhammad, XLVII, 15
- Qur'an, The Merciful, LV, 70-77
- Qur'an, The inevitable, LVI, 17-24
- Qur'an, Fraudsters, LXXXIII, 25-28
- "Life in the higher worlds is already a reward, because it is free from the ills and vicissitudes to which we are facing here on earth. The bodies, less tangible, almost fluid, there are subjects or disease, or infirmities, nor the same needs. The evil spirits being excluded, men live in peace, without further care as they progress through the work of intelligence. Here, the true brotherhood prevail, because there is no selfishness, true equality, because there is no pride, true freedom, because there is no to suppress disorder, nor ambitious trying to oppress the weak. Compared to land, these worlds are real paradise, these are the steps in the path of progress leading to the final statement. The earth is a world nfrieur for the purification of imperfect spirits, this is why evil prevails there until it pleases God to make the stay of more advanced spirits. Thus the Spirit, rising gradually as it grows, reaches the pinnacle of bliss, but before reaching the peak of perfection, he enjoys happiness on its progress. As a child tastes the pleasures of infancy, later those of youth, and finally those more solid middle age. " Allan Kardec , Heaven and Hell , Chapter 3, paragraph 11.
- See the website devoted to him: http://www.e-ostadelahi.com
- Asar al-Haqq (Vol. I), ed. Diba, Tehran, 1373 (4th edition), p. 277 (extract No. 924)
- Asar al-Haqq (Vol. I), ed. Diba, Tehran, 1373 (4th edition), p. 272 (extract No. 909)
- "It is conceivable paradise, but not perfection. ( Asar al-Haqq , vol. I, ed. Diba, Tehran, 1373 -4 -edition, p. 264, extract No. 888).
- Asar al-Haqq (Vol. I), ed. Diba, Tehran, 1373 (4th edition), p. 261 (extract No. 882)
Notes
Bibliography
- 2009: Adam's innocence or in person by Jean-Marc Rouvire , Edition L'Harmattan. See http://actu-philosophia.com/spip.php?article151
- Giordano Berti, "Earthly Paradise" and "Paradise", in "The worlds of the Hereafter", Grund, Paris, 2000.
- A History of Paradise, John Delumeau, 3 volumes, Plural, 2002
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