Palestine
"Palestine" ( Latin : derived from ancient Greek / Arabic : / Hebrew : / is a name frequently used since Roman times to designate the region of the Middle East between the Wed Mediterranean and desert east of the Jordan . In a narrow sense, it is limited since 1921 and the creation of the Emirate of Transjordan during the British mandate over Palestine , territories located strictly to the west of Jordan.
At the geopolitical sense of the term and in the context of Israeli-Palestinian conflict , the use of the term "Palestine" can be a source of controversy . This is the name of the state since self-proclaimed Algiers by the PLO in 1988 , and the term is used by the Palestinian Authority to designate the State of Palestine claimed by the Palestinians. The power of this Authority is carried out continuously since the implementation in 1994 of the Oslo Accords , a small part of the Palestinian territories of West Bank while the Gaza Strip is now administered by Hamas since the free elections of 2006 , first as part of the Palestinian Authority and since June 2007 after a bloody civil war, breaking with the latter. 94 states recognize a "state of Palestine", and 11 countries do not recognize it officially as a state, but granting diplomatic status to a particular Palestinian representation Uses the term "Palestine" In French, the term "Palestine" has been used for centuries to designate the area geographically located between the sea Mediterranean and the River Jordan. The term "Palestine" has a long history and is most often referred to - in Western languages - or an administrative division of a political empire, from Roman times to the Ottoman and then under British mandate , to the notable exception of the era of the Crusades during which she was called " Holy Land "by the Crusaders. Here's how the Natural History of Pliny the Elder discusses Palestine and Judea : (Xiii.) then begin Edom and Palestine to an outlet of Lake Sirbon, which, according to some, 150,000 not turn. Herodotus (3, 5) put it at the foot of Mount Casius, now is a swamp of mediocre range. Cities: Rhinocolure in the land; Rhaphe; Gaza , and land Anthedon; Mount Argar; on the coast, the Samaria city of Ascalon, free; Azotus, both Jamnia, one of which is in land; Joppa, Phoenicians, older than the flood, according to tradition and is situated on a hill, and before her a rock where it shows the remains of the chains of Andromeda. It loves Keto, fabulous monster; beyond, Apollonia, the tower of Straton, otherwise Caesarea , founded by King Herod, now called Prima Flavia, a colony that has been established by the Emperor Vespasian, the limit of Palestine, 189,000 near the border of Arabia and then begins Phoenicia. In the interior of Samaria , cities of Neapolis , which was formerly known Mamortha, redfish on a mountain, and Gamala on a mountain top. XV. (Xiv.) Beyond Idumea and Samaria extends the Judea in a large space. A party who wishes to Syria called Galileo , which is close to the Saudi and Egypt called Perea, studded with rugged fixtures, and separated by the Jordan from the rest of Judea. Judea itself is divided into ten toparchies in the following order: that of Jericho , planted with palm trees, watered from sources; Emmam that of that of Lydda, Joppa than, that of Acrabatne that of Gophna, the Thamna to that of Bethleptephe such Orine of, or was Jerusalem , the most famous cities not only in Judea, but from the East; that of Herodium , with an illustrious city of the same name. The term "Palestine" was preferred by the Romans after the revolt of Bar Kochba defeated by the Emperor Hadrian , are eager to destroy any trace of life Jewish in this region. The name refers to that of a people which the Bible puts capital in Gaza and it made a permanent enemy of the Hebrews, the Philistines . At the same time, Jerusalem was renamed Aelia Capitolina. The use of the term designated geographic territories to the west and east of the Jordan. Later, the Arabic word ("Filastin") meant, until the Arab conquest of the Crusades, a part of Roman Palestine the Romans called Palaestina Prima. After the Crusades, the Mamluk and Ottoman Empires were not using the name "Palestine" in any form, but after the First World War, the major Allied Powers have applied the name to the territory of the Jewish National Home (San Remo, 1920) under British mandate. The name ("Palestine") continues, even if it took a political sense and has lost some of its neutrality, especially after the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. Notably, some Israelis and / or Jews perceive the use of the term "Palestine" a denial of the actual existence of the State of Israel on part of the territory or of its legitimacy on the same land. And being designated by "Palestine" any future Arab state on the occupied Palestinian territories for them increases the confusion. However, the party continues to call Arab Palestine is the region in its entirety or only the Gaza Strip and West Bank , while the term " Palestinians "was adopted to designate the descendants of the inhabitants of Palestine before the Israeli Arab , often including the Arab inhabitants of Israeli citizenship and the Jews who descend from families who lived in Palestine before the Jewish immigration from the twentieth century (such as Samaritans , Jewish residents of Peki'in even the ultra-Orthodox members the Neturei Karta of Jerusalem. Historian Felix Abel, Dominican father at the Ecole Biblique in Jerusalem, writes that the name Palestine was extended at the time of Herodotus the coastal strip inhabited by the Philistines in the country inhabited by the Jews "So the territory Philistine, the name of Palestine was extended to the hinterland, which forms the southern Syria. By a process familiar to former was applied to the whole country the name of the tribe nearest and most accessible ... " That is to say that the name Palestine was first used by people from the West, by the Greeks. The name "Palestine" derived from that of the Philistines , a people who lived on part of the coastline of the Mediterranean in the south-east, between the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age. The Philistines are poorly known because they did not use writing. It has references to people in Egyptian documents (which are one of the " Sea People "invaders of Egypt under Ramses III ) and refers to "Peleset (PLST) the region they inhabit. The Philistines and their country "Peleshet ( Pleth) are also mentioned in the Bible (which also speaks of " Canaanites "both prior and neighbors over to" Philistines "): according to the text, the Hebrews were regularly at war with these people whose main cities were Ashdod , Ashkelon , Ekron, Gath and Gaza. However the word "Palestine" never appears in the Bible (both the Old or New Testament. In non-biblical texts, the term "Palestine" appears for the first time in the writings of the Greek historian Herodotus , the fifth century BC. AD (Histories, 1.105, 2.104, etc.).. Ptolemy , and later, in Latin, Pliny the Elder also speak of "Palestine" still tied to the word "Syria". Under Roman rule, the second Jewish revolt ( 132 - 135 ) resulted in the expulsion of Jews from Jerusalem ( Hadrian ). Jerusalem is named "Aelia Capitolina" and the region is integrated in the province of "Syria Palestine (Syria Palaestina ), new name, modeled on the Greek, which was previously known in Latin Judaea Syria (Syria Judea "or" Syrian Jewish "). Around 390 , the term "Palestine" is reused to name the three administrative subdivisions of the territory of Palestine: The Arabs divide the province of ash-Sham ( Syria ) into five districts (Jund), one of which retains the name "Palestine" (, Filastin) and extends from Sinai to Akko (known by Christians under the name of St. Jean d'Acre ), its chief town is first Ludd (Lydda, Lod ) then, from 717 , ar-Ramlah ( Ramla ) and later Jerusalem. Other major cities are Rafah , Gaza , Jaffa , Cesarea , Nablus and Jericho. This district of "Palestine" was bounded on the north and east by "Jordan" (al-Urdunn), which had its capital in Tiberias and included Akko and Tyre. The boundaries between these two districts have changed several times during the story. From the tenth century, this division began to fall into disuse, giving place finally to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. The name "Palestine" has no official status under the government of the Crusaders , who created the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem , Jerusalem becomes the capital of a state. See article Kingdom of Jerusalem. After the defeat and departure of the Crusaders , the twelfth and thirteenth centuries , the Jund (districts) Arab-Muslims are reintroduced, but their boundaries are constantly redefined. At the end of the thirteenth century , the " Syria "is divided into 9" kingdoms "which the kingdoms of Gaza (including Ascalon and Hebron ), Karak (with Jaffa ), Safed (with Acre , Tyre and Sidon ) and Damascus ( with among others, to the south, Jerusalem ). In the mid- fourteenth century , the district system is restarted and Filastin becomes the official name of a territory: a district whose chief town Jerusalem (with the cities of Ramla , Ascalon , Hebron , Nablus ). Tiberias is the head -Instead of another district, that of " Horan ". Palestine in Arabic is called Filastin "and the term" Palestine "remains in use in Europe. In the nineteenth century , the government Ottoman starts using the term "land of Palestine" (Filistin Arz-i) in its official correspondence, to designate the area between the Mediterranean and the Jordan River. This usage reflects that of the population Arab. The Balfour Declaration ( 1917 ) states: The Government of His Majesty with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people. The term "Palestine" meant in the spirit of that statement, not only the current West Bank, but also Transjordan. This is confirmed by the terms of the mandate over Palestine in 1922 given by the League to the British, which mentions in its article 25, the territories of Palestine east of the Jordan River and said that the British may have certain conditions . The name of Palestine, however, becomes of use in the British Mandate and the Partition Plan of the UN in 1947 . Hinge between the valley of the Nile and the "land between the rivers ( Mesopotamia ), the country has been inhabited for millennia and has been the presence of many rulers of empires and mixing of peoples. Chronologically, he knew domination: Canaanites , Hebrews / Jews , Assyrians , Persians , Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Arabs , Crusaders , Ottomans and British. A portion of the population of Arab origin, who lived in Palestine before the Arab-Israeli conflict has taken in modern history, the " Palestinian people ", referring to that name. A portion of the population is now Israel, and includes among it, besides Jews and Arabs , groups of different faiths. Promised land of the Jews, Holy Land Christians, sacred land (after Mecca) of Islam , Palestine, especially Jerusalem , are of major importance in the major monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, Islam. Places of worship and veneration are scattered throughout this historic territory: Jerusalem , Hebron , Bethlehem , Safed , Jericho , Haifa , on Mount Caramel , Acre , the Sea of Galilee ... History of the term "Palestine"
In archeology, it uses the word "Palestine" to refer to the entire region, regardless of the time that we consider (Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age). It employs the same sense, the word "Palestinian" to refer to all peoples of the region. We are talking about, archeology, Syria and Palestine, Palestinians and Syrians. Antiquity
Among those who prefer the name Israel to call this land, so some denounce the use of the term "Palestine" in reference to the Philistines as a false history. The biblical reference does indeed mention "Peleshet" than during the wars between Hebrews and Philistines , a people inhabiting the coastal area between the current Tel Aviv and Gaza. The term is never used for the entire land between the river and the sea is known as " Canaan "and" Eretz Israel ". The use of the word "Palestine" to refer to the entire region would therefore mainly Romans, who recalled the name of the Philistines to baptize this earth "Syria Palaestina" in order to erase even the memory of the name Jews and Jewish states that there were successors. 
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