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Oriana Fallaci

Oriana Fallaci is an essayist and journalist Italian born 29 June 1929 at Florence and died on 15 September 2006 in the same city. It was maquis in the Italian resistance against Benito Mussolini during the Second World War. Fallaci has been very successful in his career, interviewing celebrities and statesmen from around the world. It also triggered several discussions of her novels, which touched themes such as the abortion , the role of women in society, the homosexuality , racial integration, the war , the dictatorial oppression. Secular Left After the attacks of September 11, 2001 it has aroused strong controversy because of his stance against the Islam , which obtained the approval of conservative Italian but also accusations of racism.

Summary

Career and biography

Childhood in the Resistance

During the Second World War , his father Edoardo Fallaci, a cabinet maker in Florence, was a political activist fighting in the resistance to put an end to the fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini. He did attend the small Oriana armed group Giustizia e Libert under the name of Emilia. During the Nazi occupation of Florence , Edoardo was captured and tortured by the Nazis at Villa Trieste. Meanwhile, Oriana is featured, messenger of ammunition, and assists prisoners escaped from the Anglo-American Axis forces to the front of the Allies. During this period Oriana Fallaci was exposed to the atrocities of war. As a reward for her commitment, she later received a certificate to the value by the Italian Army Beginnings in Journalism

Oriana Fallaci began her journalistic career at the age of 17 years, becoming in 1950 the Special Envoy for the newspaper Il mattino dell'Italia Central. In 1954 she was hired by Arrigo Benedetti, director of the magazine L'Europeo. It works in Section fatti Romani ("Roman facts") focuses on the lives of celebrities from film and "Jet Set" Roman: Anna Magnani , Marcello Mastroianni , Federico Fellini. It develops an original interview, which aims to allow reflected the deep contradictions in which the interviewee falls . It gave her the travel section of L'Europeo of Milan, where she traveled in Europe and the United States, where she interviewed, among others, Paul Newman , Sean Connery , Alfred Hitchcock. Volume I cassette peccati di Hollywood ("The Seven Sins of Hollywood") stems from this period.

Missions Abroad

In 1960 she was sent by L'Europeo in the East to discuss the status of women. The report gave Viaggio Intorno alla ("Voyage around the Woman") then the volume will become useless Sex . His first novel, Penelope at War, published in 1962 , claiming the role of women in society. Volume Se il sole muore ("If the sun dies") collects interviews with astronauts and scientists bases NASA , including Wernher von Braun. In 1967 , she asked to become a war correspondent in Vietnam. His articles are bought and translated by several newspapers around the world. Life in the volume, the war and then nothing she transcribed his conversations with American soldiers, who confess their desires and weaknesses. In addition to the transcript, Fallaci criticism in this volume the two belligerents, that is to say both the U.S. Army and the Viet Cong. In 1968 , she was imprisoned with the student demonstrators in Mexico during the massacre of Tlatelolco .

Interviews and famous novels

During the years 1970 and 1980 she interviewed numerous heads of state and international figures such that Henry Kissinger , the Shah of Iran , the Ayatollah Khomeini , Willy Brandt , Lech Walesa , Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , Ariel Sharon , Walter Cronkite , Colonel Qaddafi , Sammy Davis Jr , Nguyen Cao Ky, Yasir Arafat , Indira Gandhi , Alexandros Panagoulis , Archbishop Makarios III , Golda Meir , Nguyen Van Thieu, Haile Selassie. Some of these interviews are collected in the volume "Conversations with History" ( 1974 ). In the preface, it states :

Whether it comes from a despotic sovereign or an elected president, a murderer or a general beloved leader, I see power as an inhuman and hateful phenomenon ... I always considered disobedience to oppression as the only way to enjoy the miracle of being born

Henry Kissinger , led to admit that the war in Vietnam had been "useless", said later that his interview with Fallaci was "the most disastrous conversation ever had with a journalist" . The interview with the Ayatollah Khomeini , Fallaci which unfolds in his presence, will be cited in its pronouncements on Islam in the 2000s:

OF-

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His book Letter to a Child Never Born ( 1975 ) triggered a controversy in that it seems to defend a position unfavorable to abortion. At this point, however, contends Fallaci Italian Radical Party, which advocated the legalization of abortion (Law 194/1978).
She struck up a relationship with Alexander Panagoulis , Greek poet and politician, leader of the struggle against the dictatorship of the colonels. The novel "A Man" is dedicated to him.
In 1983 she published Inshallah, dedicated to the Italian mission in Beirut in the 1980s.
She obtained her doctorate in literature at Columbia College Chicago. It holds seminars at the University of Chicago , of Yale , from Harvard and Columbia.

Recent years

his tomb in the cemetery Allori of Florence.

She lives several months a year in New York, where she works in isolation in his latest novel, A cappello pieno di cilieges. She goes out of its isolation following the attacks of September 11, 2001. 15 September 2001 she published an article in the Corriere della sera , entitled the Orgoglio rabbia e ("The Rage and the Pride"), which it discloses, calling them "grasshoppers", Westerners who reported that the United States "deserved" the attacks. From this article, she published two volumes in which she describes as "Cassandra" and predicted the destruction of Western civilization, too weak against the blows of Islam. She takes a stand against Islam, describing it as a religion to freedom, and defended the right of existence of Israel while comparing Islam to Nazism and fascism.

As she began her career in the secular leftist press, the journalist gets closer to the Catholic Church and the positions of the right. Defining itself as a "Christian atheist," she was with Giuliano Ferrara, one of the great figures of the "devout atheist", an Italian intellectual movement that shares the need for a "vital" for Europe to regain its "Christian roots. In 2002 , during the "Social Forum in Florence, she enters a virulent polemic with the movement" no global ". In 2005, Fallaci was received in private audience with Benedict XVI.

She died of lung cancer in Florence at the age of 77, the night of 14 to 15 September 2006. Inheritance, Oriana Fallaci gave the Pontifical University of Lateran all its cultural heritage, namely its entire library.

Fallaci receives twice the price of journalism Saint Vincent and the price Bancarella in 1971 to life, war, and then nothing, the Viareggio Prize in 1979 for a man, the price Antibes in 1993 Inshallah. The writings of Oriana Fallaci has been translated into 21 languages including English , the Spanish , the French , the Dutch , the German , the Greek , the Swedish , the Polish , the Croatian and Slovenian.

Controversies

In recent years, Oriana Fallaci has received media attention because of its particular criticism of Islam and Muslims. After the attacks of September 11, 2001 , to take a strong stand against Islam. His view is clear in both trials, The Rage and the Pride and The Force of Reason. Many formulations of his essay "The Rage and the Pride ( Plon , 2002 ) he has been charged as "there is something in men Arabs , who disgusts women of good taste, "or:" Instead of contributing progress of humanity, . MRAP, The League of Human Rights and Licra seized the judge of the court from Paris to the release of rage and pride. The Movement against Racism and for Friendship among Peoples (MRAP) to get the ban of the book, the League of Human Rights and the International League against Racism and Antisemitism (LICRA) to request the insertion of a warning at the top of the book, emphasizing the fact that "we must not confuse Islam and Muslims. "
Oriana Fallaci was the subject of criminal prosecution in Switzerland for about discrimination against Muslims, the Federal Office of Justice (FOJ) had requested in November 2002 to Italy to pursue it.
Despite these criticisms, Oriana Fallaci has received support from political parties and movements like the Northern League in Italy, where his books have sold over a million copies. She was elected "Woman of the Year 2006" by Front Page Magazine , web-magazine neoconservative published by David Horowitz.

In 2002 , during the Social Forum in Florence, Oriana Fallaci comes into direct controversy with the movement "No Global". She accused its members of being "pacifist-way" or even "spoiled children" and calls the Florentines to lock themselves in their homes for fear of violence from Black Block. Among others, actors Dario For and Franca Rame meet him from the rostrum of the Social Forum, describing it as "terrorist", while a controversial open about its imitation by actress Sabina Guzzanti , defined in bad taste for making reference to cancer suffered by the journalist .

Bibliography


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