Home  ›  Order Of Preachers

Order Of Preachers

The Order of Preachers (OP - better known by the name of Dominican order, was born a Catholic order under the leadership of Saint Dominic in 1215. It is, as the order of Friars Minor or Franciscans , the category of the mendicant orders.

Following the rule of St. Augustine , and its own constitutions, partly inspired by those of Premonstratensian (O. Praem), it's mission of ministry and contemplation. His motto is Veritas (Truth). Other currencies have also been assigned to him, for example, "announce that we have looked" (Contemplate aliis tradere), taken from St. Thomas Aquinas , or "praise, bless, to preach" which is a liturgical formula.

The Dominicans are religious but not monks: they have the distinction of not pronounce a single vow, that of obedience, in the hands of the master of the order (or his representative), the vows of poverty and Chastity is implicitly included. It did, for cons, no vow of stability as the monks. They live in monasteries , not in monasteries. Their vocation is to preach their convents are often in large cities.

Summary

/ / Names
  • Preachers: the first papal approval of the order founded by St. Dominic speak of order "of Preachers" ('Ordo Fratrum praedicatorum').
  • Dominicans: After the canonization of the founder, St. Dominic, in 1234, the brothers were sometimes designated with the name "Dominican" name became common after the eighteenth centuryHistory of the Order

    Origins and development

    Around 1200 , most of the monastic institutions seem to withdraw into themselves. A need for spiritual renewal is felt both within the Church and among the lower classes of society. It is in this context that the Dominican order, which is characterized by a relentless fight against the Cathar heresy as a way of apostolic life.

    According to legend, the mother of Dominic (Latin Dominicus, which means one who belongs to the Lord) would have seen in a dream during her pregnancy, a dog holding a lighted torch in its mouth, to enlighten the world. Summarizes the dream life of the future saint, with a pun in Latin on future Dominicans, Dominican (dogs of Lords) which are designed to "barking against the heresies "and being the dogs Lord watching the herd of sheep. Thus the iconography of the figure sometimes, as in the Spanish Chapel of the Basilica Santa Maria Novella in Florence , where the sheepdogs protect the flock of Pope.

    Dominic de Guzman , known today under the name of St. Dominic, is a canon of Osma in Spain when the Bishop Diego of Osma , asked him to accompany him on a diplomatic mission to Scandinavia. During their journey, Dominique meets an innkeeper Albi in southern France and spent the night trying to convert. In the morning, the landlord had waived the Cathars for Catholicism. Returning from Scandinavia, the bishop of Rome by Dominique password and asks the pope to relieve him of his department to devote himself to preaching in the south of France. The Pope refused. However, returning to Spain, the small group encounters a mission composed of papal legates designed to convert the Cathars. This mission meets a papal first failure. Diego de Osma shows them an example by giving up all his business to try to convert the Cathars armed only with the Gospel. His model is the itinerant preaching of Jesus. While Diego of Osma subsequently returned to Osma in his diocese, he left the office to continue Dominique itinerant preaching that he himself had initiated.

    St. Thomas Aquinas , Doctor of the Catholic Church (1225-1274)

    Dominic continues unabated this work, meet friends willing to follow him, stood with them on April 25 1215 in Seilhan home to Toulouse , where he founded the Order of Preachers. The order was approved in 1215 by Pope Innocent III with the mission to preach and convert the heretics.

    In a few decades, hundreds of new plants blooming throughout Europe.

    Pope Gregory IX , wary of the lack of pastoral effectiveness of bishops says the Inquisition from its establishment by the bubble Excommunicamus ( 1223 ) to the Dominicans, two years after the death of the founder of the Order. But Dominic was not involved itself in the crusade against the Albigenses, preferring to fight by means of the verb. Given their theological competence, their vocation to be near the people, and their good image in medieval society, the Pope chooses preferably in the ranks of the Dominicans its representatives to make them judges of the Inquisition. To be able to concentrate on their task, they are frequently identified some of the obligations imposed on them that their rule, like that of their convent life and apostolic. It also has some easing in strict compliance with the rule of St. Augustine that the Dominicans were applied to follow. Moreover, the practice of torture by the Inquisition began in 1252 , with the guarantee of Pope Innocent IV. Two members of the order were sentenced to death by the Inquisition: Girolamo Savonarola in 1498 and Giordano Bruno in 1600.

    The Dominican order is spreading rapidly throughout Christendom and forms a large number of publishers distributed in 8 provinces: Spain , Toulouse , France , Provence , Lombardy , Rome , Germany , England.

    From the late thirteenth century , in the context of theological disputes and discussions on poverty beggar, was born a long rivalry with his twin brother, the order Franciscan.

    In Rome , the order has several famous monasteries: Santa Maria sopra Minerva and Santa Sabina, who became its general house.

    History of the Dominicans in France

    St. Dominic founded the first house of the order in Toulouse. In 1217 , he sent the brothers to Paris to train at the university acquired the house near the Sorbonne (near modern Saint-Jacques) was dedicated to St. Jacques. In the seventeenth century, a second convent, which housed the novitiate of the province Reformed Occitan, was founded in the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honor, where it still exists.

    At the French Revolution , the Dominicans are experiencing financial need. They have to rent their convents. The club of friends of the constitution praises their establishment in the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honore. It was then used to call the club, the Jacobin Club , venue of the meetings was given to the club. The Jacobin Club also moved to the Church of St. Thomas Aquinas.

    Abolished in France in 1790 , the Dominicans are restored in 1850 (when the formal restoration of the province of France) by Father Henri Lacordaire. Some monasteries had to close after the decree of 29 March 1880. They were expelled in 1903 and their property confiscated. The Dominicans were allowed to return to France in the 1920s.

    Father Antoine Touron wrote the history of the illustrious men of the order of S. Dominique, Paris, 1743.

    The preaching Dominican

    The Middle Ages

    During the medieval period, the preaching is a central activity of the lives of Dominicans. This is indeed the primary means they have adopted to fight against the Cathar heresy. This act is intended to provide the Middle Ages by the word hello to every Christian. Dominicans returned to preach to define the true religion, namely Christianity face such deviations as were the heresies and all kinds of superstitions inconceivable for the Church. Moreover, the preaching was intended to impose a final model of religion that could not be disputed. The preacher's role was to explain and defend the true faith and thus to combat heresies. The Dominicans and occupied much of their time to preach in their way, to the contact of the Cathar population. Pope Innocent III was himself an ardent defender of preaching and author of many sermons. One of the major points of his program was the fight against the Cathar heresy. He summed up, I quote: Attacking heretical deviations, confirming the Catholic faith, to extirpate the vices and virtues sow. Moreover, the Fourth Lateran Council that took place in 1215 introduced its tenth canon (rule of faith and discipline laid down by ecclesiastical authority) to the organization of preaching to increase its effectiveness. In this context what actually founded the Dominican order, which quickly became the spearhead of this movement of popular preaching. Through this support papal we clearly see the will of the Church to maintain unity at all costs the company around a single religion, Christianity.

    The preaching is therefore Dominic and his brethren an oral presentation of data from the faith and Christian spirituality. Its purpose is to nurture and encourage the faith of believers in the light of their spiritual needs. The Dominican order used preaching as a means of persuading reluctant people to Catholic dogma. This is to remind the Dominican Cathar dogma that can not rightly be questioned.

    Moreover, we note that the preaching of St. Dominic is new in the sense that it is based on three fundamental points: first, it fits directly into a hierarchical framework directly led by the most powerful religious figure, namely the Pope Innocent III. Second, St. Dominic has been around this action a religious order: the order of mendicant Dominican friars, order approved by the bishop of Toulouse, Fulk and the pope. Finally, the last point, the preaching of the Dominicans is not limited to refute heresy and orthodoxy but imposes defend the Christian religion and its dogma as the only religion that can not be disputed. The dogma must be respected and enforced by the entire population.

    In addition, the Dominican preaching is characterized by dialogue, discussion with the Cathars reluctant. Dominic does not use force but uses persuasion, conviction, Christian dogma must be the only authority to do.

    Dominicans preach in providing testimony. Indeed, the Dominicans preach what they teach and what they learn, which reveals the importance of education and studies in order. Moreover, they imitate the model of biblical apostles to preach in their own way, that they move in humility and austerity, without money, walk away. In this, it is a beggar of itinerant preaching and testimony, the testimony of the true Catholic faith.

    In addition, the preaching of the Dominicans addressed to truly faithful. She tries to talk to him about his problems and identifies specific audiences depending on their socio-professional activities. It also uses little stories that entertain by appealing to the fable or daily life to better attract the attention of the audience. This is called the examples were of short stories carry a moral lesson, illustrating a sermon and to disseminate and communicate the message Cathar territory of the Christian Church.

    The beggar is growing much preaching in cities where the population is large and is exercised particularly in public places frequented public places such as, for example.

    Thus, the future St. Dominic was preaching to the head of a movement called Holy Preaching Preaching or also known as Jesus Christ. According to Abbe Benedictine Peyrac William , St. Dominic gave himself with such fervor in preaching he exhorted all his brothers and forced to speak the word of God day and night, in churches and homes, by fields and roads, in a word anywhere and never to speak only to God.

    In addition, the Dominican preaching was done in pairs. Thus, Dominique was accompanied until 1207 by his bishop Diego of Osma. When the latter died, Dominica does not only continued his preaching, he became associated with what is called a socius, that is to say, a Dominican friar and often lay Cistercian.

    Thus, the preaching of the Dominicans can be described as "new" in the sense that, going from village to village and from city to city in humility and poverty, beggar, she opposed the preaching of the bishops is to say that senior church dignitaries such as cardinals and archbishops who say Catholic truth which all must adhere to the baptized, under pain of sanctions if not spiritual or temporal.

    In fact, St. Dominic has a very personal way of preaching and it appears very convincing: it does indeed other means than speech, preaching, controversies, exhortations, advice and finally example of his holiness of life. Thanks to this, he succeeded in bringing many to faith heretical. The monastery Prouille has been for several years to St. Dominic one of the few places serving as a fulcrum, place of worship and study necessary to complete his mission of preaching. In 1215 , St. Dominic will also confirm the monastery's assets by the pope, but will not be considered the owner, that in order to remain consistent with its mission of poverty.

    The central role of education and teaching

    Teaching is an essential feature of the Dominican order. Indeed, Dominica was particularly committed to education and training of his companions. It seeks to obtain competent brothers. The Dominicans have a solid background and intellectual they are theologians. Dominic quickly realized the importance of theological education for preaching and instruction of heretics. If they want to show the face of compelling and insightful reluctant Cathars, the Dominicans must have a thorough theological education. Dominique knows that his brothers should know the biblical texts but also to read and write Latin. Having a solid theological culture, the Dominicans will be more effective in their preaching and arrive at the simple word convince heretics. Thus, under his leadership, the Dominicans follow various courses to train them to master the knowledge of sacred texts.

    The mendicant order is characterized by further education; Dominique insists that the Dominicans have a better understanding of the dogma and thus they need to discover the real needs of Catholic morality. The study prepared for the preaching is primarily biblical and theological knowledge to the study of sacred texts.

    Habit

    Dominicans wear a white coat, consisting of three parts:

    • a tunic (robe) tightened by a leather belt;
    • a scapular (cloth sleeveless resting on the shoulders);
    • a hood.
    • black shoes (calceamenta sint nigra)
    Arms of the Dominican Pope Benedict XI who were adopted as one of the emblems of the Order

    In certain circumstances, and when they leave their convent, they wear the dress on a black coat, made of a yoke and a hood of the same shape as that of the coat. This coat was made of one piece to the early fourteenth century or century.

    Since the fifteenth century, they added to their coat a rosary of five decades worn on the belt.

    The gown of white pope is inspired by the Dominican habit, from St. Pius V was a Dominican.

    Arms

    The arms of the order evolved later but were not adopted until later.

    Contrary to a widespread error , the order did not wait for the early fifteenth century to have a shield.

    But do not confuse the arms of prelates from the Dominican order, and those of the order itself. Indeed, in the thirteenth century, a blazon inspired the Dominican habit, "Silver chap sand", was adopted by the French Dominican Pope Innocent V. Similarly, in 1303-1304, the Dominican Italian pope Benedict XI carries a shield simply cut the two colors of the Order: white and black: in heraldry, "party money and sand."

    In the sixteenth century, the emblem of origin chap silver sand "will be overloaded sometimes" a dog Sandy, holding in its mouth a flaming torch " and various furniture: world, book, palm lily, golden crown and star.

    Arms of the Dominican Pope Innocent V , which is also one of the old emblems of the Order

    Thus we find in 1890 Yearbook of the Council Heraldry of France by Barber of Montault the following description of the weapons of the order: "Money, the sand cap, the money entrusted to a dog as well, holding in his mouth a lighted torch, the sinister paw on a globe of blue and lying on a book gules, accompanied by a palm vent and natural in a lily in saltire within a wreath gold and a gold star in chief. "

    Arms to the cross florences (cross appearing in the shield current) form in the fifteenth century Spain.

    The Dominican Order today

    Today, the College include:

    The current general master, Brother Bruno Cador OP was elected September 5, 2010 at the head of the Order.

    In Canada , it has only one province, the Province of Canada ( http://www.dominicains.ca ), composed of nearly 150 brothers, and with two vicariates, one in Japan and one in Rwanda - Burundi. The Dominicans of Canada have their own study center, the Dominican College in Ottawa .

    In France , there are two provinces:


Leave a Reply

0 vote, average: 0.00 out of 50 vote, average: 0.00 out of 50 vote, average: 0.00 out of 51 vote, average: 0.00 out of 50 votes, average: 0.00 out of 5 (0 votes, average: 0.00 out of 5, rated)
Loading ... Loading ...
Help us improve the wiki Send Your Comments