Noricum

Noricum is a Celtic kingdom that was formed in the second century BC. AD The Noric formed a confederation with their neighbors the Boii and Taurisci ^{Celtic Protohistory}

The population seems to have been made of the Illyrians , who were dominated by various tribes Ligurian , then by the Celtic people of Taurisci , called Norica ( Noric ) by the Romans after their first capital Noreia ( Neumarkt present). The people were brave and warlike, and cared more than livestock farming. Noricum was the southern outpost of Nordic or Celtic peoples and the starting point of their attacks on Italy. It's about Noricum that are mentioned for the first Celtic invaders. Archaeological research, particularly in the cemeteries of Hallstatt , within 70 km of Noreia showed that there was a civilization protohistoric flourishing. The cemeteries contained weapons and ornaments dating from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. Oppidums existed at the Burg (Schwarzenbach), Hainburg , Leopoldsberg ( Vienna ), Idunum ( Villach ), Kulm (Eastern Styria).

The country is mountainous and the land is poor but the basement was rich in iron, and serve as raw materials of manufacturing weapons of Pannonia, in Moesia and northern Italy. The famous steel Noric was widely used for arming the Romans . It is likely that the Romans, draining swamps and clearing, accrurent the fertility of the soil. There were also large mines gold and salt, the plant called saliunca grew in abundance and was used as a perfume . In -113 during the War of the Cimbri , Rome was defeated by a coalition of "barbaric" Germano - Celtic in the region, allied to Rome.

The ethnologist Karl von Czoernig and historian Friedrich Heer have a linguistic explanation of the name of the country. The original form would be the token "Norig" - "black" or "normal" means "east" in the Celtic languages, Welsh as "rig" (from Indo-European who also produced the suffix and Celtic rix Germanic rik, meaning king) is the word "Reich" in modern German, so "the kingdom". Therefore the word Norig mean "the kingdom of the East" which is the name of Austria - (in) sterreich (the) regio australis> Austria.

Roman Conquest

For many years the inhabitants of Noricum enjoyed independence autonomy of trade with the Romans. In 48 BC. BC they took advantage of Julius Caesar in the war against Pompey. In 16 BC. AD , having joined the inhabitants of Pannonia in the invasion of Histria , they were defeated by Publius Silius , proconsul of Illyricum. The province of Noricum was then attached, without the organization of a Roman province, but remained an autonomous kingdom (regnum Noricum). She was under the control of an imperial procurator. Only under the reign of Marcus Antonius the legion II Pia (afterwards called Italica) was stationed in Noricum, and the Commander of the Legion became the governor of the province. Around 40, the kingdom was fully integrated into the Roman Empire by Claude , as an imperial province with its capital Virunum near Klagenfurt. Under Claudius, began construction of the Roman road crossing the Brenner Pass, pass between Italy and Noricum.

Under Diocletian , was divided into Noricum Noricum Ripensis (along the Danube) and southern Noricum (the southern mountainous).

Roman settlements and major cities were Virunum, Ovilava ( Wels ), Celeia ( Celje ), Iuvavum ( Salzburg ) and Lauriacum ( Enns ). A garrison was stationed at Favianis ( Mautern ), presumably to take a bridge over the Danube at that location.

Notes

Additions

Sources

• Kruta Wenceslas, The Celts, History and Dictionary, Editions Robert Laffont, coll. "Mouthpieces", Paris, 2000, ( ISBN 2-7028-6261-6 ).

Related articles

• Voccio
• Roman Governor
• Alps Noric

External Links

• The Danubian provinces of the Roman Empire: Celts, Romans, Germans Yann Le Bohec, Professor of Roman History at the University of Paris IV-Sorbonne.

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