Nonduality

The non-duality refers to both the basic unit, which some spiritual schools, will underpin the apparent diversity, the multiplicity of forms of the world, and philosophical approaches or practices that lead towards achievement of nature.

Spirituality and religion

The non-duality is a teaching of many traditions such as' Hinduism ( Advaita Vedanta ), the Buddhist , the Taoist , the Sufism that would provide the man to realize his true nature by the understanding that it does intimate that one with everything.

"In the Spirit A duality emerges, but do not even cling to that one. " ^Taoism

In Taoism , the constant alternation of feminine principle: Yin and the principle of "masculine" Yng expresses the ultimate unit called T'ai Chi (Supreme Ridge), or Dao. For the Taoist duality and multiplicity are reflections of the One. Humans, in the game mired antinomian dual pairs, do not see that they are the manifestation of this single principle, fails to realize the meaning and origin, then follow the natural path of " non-action (wu wei), which means the end of the commitment, passion, individuality, and finally, harmonization with the "virtue efficient (De ) and spontaneous (ziran,) of the Tao ().

Buddhism

In the non-dualistic traditions of Buddhism , that is to say the Zen , the Dzogchen , the Mahamudra , the Madhyamaka , it is also question of "inaction" of the non-dual. Concepts such as non-effort, selflessness, non-meditation, no-thought, etc.. all refer to a transcendence, an off-set of the intrinsic duality "arises in opposing" any concept: acting, having, being, me, the real, well ...

Longchenpa (1308-1363), one of the most famous Tibetan yogis and scholars, brought together and coordinated lessons Nyingmapas , speaking specifically rigpa , says:

"Given the amount of objects without objective reality without perception.

When consciousness frees itself without attachment non-dually,

Mental phenomena are the symphony of the spirit.

In general, Buddhism Mahayana exposes the non-duality of samsara and Nirvana , form and emptiness , object and subject, etc.. For example, in The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment (ch.36), attributed to Buddha:

"There is neither identity nor difference, neither bondage nor liberation. Now you know that all sentient beings are originally of wide awake; that samsara and nirvana are like a dream last night. Noble son, since they are like dreams last night, you should know that samsara and nirvana do not rise or terminated. neither came nor went. In this embodiment there is no gain or loss, or adoption or rejection. As one who realizes there is no "seek," "carelessness", "stop thinking" or "eliminate the passions." In this embodiment there is neither subject nor object, and ultimately neither feasible nor practical. Nature

Even if the original Buddhism is not explicitly non-dualistic, as a "middle way" he stays away from both extremes of being and nothingness:

"This world is supported by a dualism, that of existence and nonexistence. But when one sees with right discernment the origin of the world as it is, "non-existence" is not the term that restrains. When one sees with right discernment the cessation of the world as it is, "existence" is not the term that restrains. "(Sutta Kaccayanagotta)

Hinduism

In the Hinduism the Brahman , the universal soul, is fully identified with the Atman , the individual soul. For Advaita, everything is one and the same reality, and the distinctions between individual and universal soul, between subject and object are the result of ignorance of the true nature of the universe and life that transcends time and space. In this state of ignorance, the individual would remain a prisoner of the illusions of the world, Maya , and would not escape the successive reincarnations, the fruit of his karma. This is a design similar to those of Buddhism and Taoism.

In the West

The non-duality is not absent from Western philosophies, but it seems it was not as clearly articulated, non-duality proclaiming the identity of man and God, what could be considered blasphemous by the dominant churches. The mystical experience leading naturally to the erasure of all dualities, all separations, some Christian mystics have expressed this non-duality fairly clear: John of the Cross and Meister Eckhart . Their stories are similar, for example those of a Zen monk Hakuin , evoking the spirit of non-birth, or the description of the fourth state of consciousness, Turiya , of the Hindu tradition, or experience loss of ego.

Neo-Advaita

A current latest, generally designated by the generic term "non-duality", but more specifically described by its roots in a New Advaita or Neo-Vedanta appeared in the West in the second half of the ^twentieth century. . Its promoters are generally Westerners who have been followers of Indian masters and returned to their countries to express their understanding of this system of philosophy ( John Klein , Arnaud Desjardins , Andrew Cohen , Eckhart Tolle ).

In philosophy

There is a plethora of Western philosophers clearly non-dualistic, although it is not always the central theme of their work. Among the philosophers a close interest in the non-duality, there are some pre-Socratic ( Heraclitus , Parmenides , etc.), the Stoics ( Seneca , Marcus Aurelius ), skeptics (see the concept of ataraxia , close to that of spiritual awakening), and the Neoplatonists ( Plotinus , Proclus , etc.), the Neoplatonic philosopher and mystic inspiration Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite , and yet many philosophers medieval mystics like Meister Eckhart and John Tauler.

Will come later Spinoza , that reason can understand intuitively that there is only one substance. Matter and thought are thus only two ways for this unique substance appeared, when the mind tries to create reality. Any wisdom would be to understand that everything that happens is the necessary expression of this unique substance that he called God or nature alike. This understanding generates both love and freedom. ^{Soul, Love and ego}

The concept of non-duality refers to the total elimination of the ego , which leaves scope for unconditional love, merger complete with everything (or nothing, according to tradition). The ego is what drives human beings to obscure the self through identification with the body, personal history. In contrast, the soul is the energy of infinite love present in every man who lets him live his divinity and awareness of the invisible and abstract dimensions of the world. It is in this opposition ego / soul lies the duality. Transcend this duality allows access to the happiness and the self-love unconditional .

References

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