Non Aligned Movement

Non-Aligned Movement
Countries belonging to the Non-Aligned Movement: Member States Observer States Non-Member
Creation	1September 1961 (Belgrade), but also 31 December 1953 ( Panchsheel ), 18 April 1955 (Bandung), 19 July 1956 (Brioni) and 5 September 1973 (Algiers)
Headquarters	Depending on the location of the last summit in Santiago de Cuba (since 2006), New York ( G24 or G77 and China to the UN ), G15
Member (s)	118 States plus 17 observers
Secretary General	Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (since 2011)
Person (s) key (s)	Nehru , Zhou Enlai , Nasser , Ait Ahmed , Sukarno , Sihanouk , Tito , Nkrumah , Sekou Toure , Nyerere , Ben Barka , Indira Gandhi , Boumedienne , Castro , etc..
Website	www.namegypt.org

The Non-Aligned Movement (or more rare movement of non-aligned) , nearly two-thirds of the members of the UN and 55% of the world population.

The Non-Aligned Movement includes key members worldwide, such as India , the Algeria , of Egypt , the Indonesia , the Pakistan , Cuba , the South Africa , the Iran , the Malaysian and the former Yugoslavia. The PRC has been a member for a while. The Brazilian was never a formal member of the movement, but it shares many of his views and regularly sends observers to its vertices.

Origins

Brioni Declaration of 19 July 1956 , initiated by Gamal Abdel Nasser , Josip Broz Tito , Norodom Sihanouk and Jawaharlal Nehru marks the origin of the movement, which seeks to protect itself from the influence of the United States and the USSR that sought to rally the world to their cause (the idea of bipolarity, the two major governing the world).

The term "non-alignment" was coined by Indian Prime Minister Nehru in a speech in 1954 in Colombo. In this speech, Nehru described the five pillars to be used for Sino-Indian relations, which were first put forward by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai. Called Panchsheel (the "five principles"), these principles will be used later as the basis for the Non-Aligned Movement.

We can consider that the Bandung Conference , held in 1955 in the city Indonesia in Bandung in the west of the island of Java , which brought together some thirty countries in Africa and Asia, is an important step towards Constitution of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Evolution

The world in 1980, polarized between the two superpowers. States are non-partisan non-aligned.

While the organization had originally intended to be as strong and united as the Organization of the North Atlantic Treaty (NATO) or the Warsaw Pact , it was in fact little cohesion, and several its members were at one time or another closely related with great power. For example, Cuba was very close to the USSR during the Cold War. India has also brought closer to the USSR for several years to fight China. The movement also faces internal dissent when the USSR invaded Afghanistan in 1979. On one side the client states of the USSR approved the invasion, and another, some members (especially the Muslim majority states) the condemned.

Created in the context of the Cold War, the movement had to find a new life to her from following the collapse of the Soviet Union. In addition, the states of the breakup of Yugoslavia (one of the founding members) have shown little interest in the organization since the dissolution of the country. Finally in 2004, Malta and Cyprus were removed upon their entry into the European Union. Nevertheless, the organization continues to play an important role. For example, it refused to follow the proceedings of the Washington consensus , which includes the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Bank , whereas it would be detrimental to the interests of its members.

Far from weakening, the legacy of the Cold War era continues. New trends are inspired by the achievements of the struggles of decolonization. Thus, the political scientist Aziz Salmon Falls, in the wake of Ben Barka , with the Group for Research and Initiative for the Liberation of Africa (GRIL) advocates a revival of the Tricontinental Conference , a self-reliant development to ecosystem basis, and pleads for a polycentric world .

Member States

Observers

Summits

Congress	Date	Location
I	1-6 September 1961	Belgrade (Yugoslavia)
II	5-10 October 1964	Cairo (Egypt)
III	8-10 September 1970	Lusaka (Zambia)
IV	5-9 September 1973	Algiers (Algeria)
V	16-19 August 1976	Colombo (Sri Lanka)
VI	3-9 September 1979	Havana (Cuba)
VII	7-12 March 1983	New Delhi (India)
VIII	1-6 September 1986	Harare (Zimbabwe)
IX	4-7 September 1989	Belgrade (Yugoslavia)
X	1-7 September 1992	Jakarta (Indonesia)
XI	18-20 October 1995	Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)
XII	2-3 September 1998	Durban (South Africa)
XIII	20-25 February 2003	Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
XIV Secretariat General Secretariat of the Non-Aligned Name Country Of At Josip Broz Tito Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1961 1964 Gamal Abdel Nasser United Arab Republic 1964 1970 Kenneth Kaunda Zambia 1970 1973 Houari Boumedienne Algeria 1973 1976 William Gopallawa Sri Lanka 1976 1978 Junius Richard Jayawardene 1978 1979 Fidel Castro Cuba 1979 1983 N. Sanjiva Reddy India 1983 Giani Zail Singh 1983 1986 Robert Mugabe Zimbabwe 1986 1989 Janez Drnovek Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1989 1990 Borisav Jovi 1990 1991 Stjepan (Stipe) Mesic 1991 Branko Kosti 1991 1992 Dobrica osi 1992 Suharto Indonesia 1992 1995 Ernesto Samper Pizano Colombia 1995 1998 Andrs Pastrana Arango 1998 Nelson Mandela South Africa 1998 1999 Thabo Mbeki 1999 2003 Mahathir bin Mohamad Malaysia 2003 Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 2003 2006 Fidel Castro Cuba 2006 2008 Ral Castro 2008 2009 Hosni Mubarak Egypt July 14, 2009 February 11, 2011 Mohamed Hussein Tantawi February 11, 2011 This References English NAM NAM in Spanish, http://www.populationdata.net/cartes/monde-pays-non-alignes.php Aziz Salmone Fall, " The 50 years Bandung - the non-alignment in the era of supraimprialisme ", April 2005. Accessed 14 November 2007 14th summit conference of the movement, Havana 2006 Notes Related articles Third World Altermondialisation Economic liberalism Protectionism External Links (Ar) (en) Website Current Egypt (since 2009) (Ar) (en) (es) (en) Former Official site Cuba (2006-2009) (In) A former official website , Malaysia (2003-2005) (In) A former official site , South Africa (1998-2002) Group of Fifteen (G15, 18 countries) Algeria , Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Egypt , India , Indonesia , Iran , Jamaica , Kenya , Malaysia , Mexico , Nigeria , Peru , Senegal , Sri Lanka , Venezuela , Zimbabwe Cold War Participants NATO Movement of Non-Aligned SEATO Warsaw Pact 1940 Yalta Conference Operation Potsdam Conference Case Gouzenko Crisis of 1946 Chinese Civil War Greek Civil War Speech Stuttgart (1946) Indochina War Truman Doctrine Asian Relations Conference Marshall Plan Tactics salami Prague Coup Out Tito-Stalin Communist Insurrection in Malaya Berlin Blockade Betrayal West Iron Curtain Eastern Bloc 1950 Prague trial Korean War Operation Ajax Incidents inter-German border Riots of 1953 in East Germany Operation PBSUCCESS Partition of Vietnam First Taiwan Strait Crisis Geneva Summit (1955) Pozna in 1956 Budapest Uprising Suez Crisis Crisis Sputnik Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Cuban Revolution Kitchen Debate Afro-Asian Conference Bricker Amendment McCarthyism Stay-behind Hallstein Doctrine 1960 Congo crisis Sino-Soviet Incident U-2 Landing Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Berlin Wall Vietnam War Coup of 1964 (Brazil) Occupation Dominican Republic by the United States War South African border Movement September 30, 1965 in Indonesia domino theory ASEAN Declaration Laotian Civil War dictatorship of the colonels Cultural Revolution Sino-Indian Prague Spring Goulash Communism Sino-Soviet border conflict of 1969 1970 Relaxation Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Black September Cambodian Civil War ping-pong diplomacy Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin visit of Richard Nixon to China in 1972 Coup d'Etat of June 27, 1973 in Uruguay Kidnapping of Kim Dae-jung (August 1973) coup of September 11, 1973 in Chile Kippur War Limitation Talks Strategic Arms War fresh Angolan Civil War Civil War in Mozambique War of Ogaden Cambodia-Vietnam War War Sino-Vietnamese Operation Condor Coup d'Etat of 24 March 1976 in Argentina Aldo Moro Iranian Revolution Korean Air Flight 902 1980 Afghanistan War (1979-1989) Olympic Boycotts Solidarity state of siege in Poland 1981-1983 coup of 12 September 1980 in Turkey Crisis in Central America RYAN Korean Airlines Flight 007 Able Archer 83 SDI Invasion of Grenada events of Tiananmen Square Invasion of Panama by the United States Fall of the Berlin Wall Fall of the Eastern bloc Glasnost Crisis Euromissiles Perestroika 1990 Breakup of Yugoslavia Dissolution of the USSR Breakup of Czechoslovakia Yemeni Reunification German Reunification Democratic Revolution of 1990 in Mongolia See also History of Soviet and Russian intelligence Relations between the U.S. and the USSR NATO-Russia Council Mutual Defense Assistance Act Organizations ASEAN Central Intelligence Agency Comecon Community KGB Stasi DST Racing Arms race nuclear arms race Space Race Ideologies Capitalism Liberal Democracy Democracy People Communism Marxism-Leninism Stalinism Trotskyism Maoism Titoism Propaganda Pravda Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty Fear red VOA Voice of Russia Foreign Policy Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Containment Eisenhower Doctrine domino theory Doctrine Kennedy Peaceful Coexistence Ostpolitik Doctrine Johnson Brezhnev Doctrine Nixon Doctrine Doctrine Ulbricht Carter Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Rollback a href = "Chronologie_de_la_guerre_froide" alt = "Chronology of the Cold War"> Chronology of the war Category Gateway to the UN Portal Policy Portal alterglobalism Gateway to the humanitarian and development

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